Knoppix Documentation Wiki - User contributions [en]

Customizing environment using 4.0.2CD

2010-03-18T15:00:07Z

Shibo:

These are the steps I use to customize my Knoppix 4.0.2 environment.

__TOC__
= Persistent Disk Image (PDI) =
A persistent disk image allows me to customize Knoppix without having to remaster the CD. With a generic Knoppix CD and a PDI, I can take my environment to just about any computer.

Create a persistent disk image either from the GUI or the command line
* From within KDE
K > KNOPPIX > Configure > Create persistent KNOPPIX image
* command line
knoppix-mkimage
I prefer an image size of 500 MB, which is just large enough for a significant amount of software updates yet small enough to fit on a USB thumb drive. I don't choose encryption, but that's a personal preference. Once you create the image, reboot and specify the image at the boot prompt. Assuming the knoppix.img is at /mnt/sda1/, then:
boot: knoppix home=/mnt/sda1/knoppix.img
Note: Specifying the home folder may not be necessary. Apparently, Knoppix scans for the knoppix.img even if one does not specify home=.

= Installing Microsoft's True Type fonts =
Installing Microsoft's True Type fonts using apt-get at the command line
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
Change the fonts in KDE:
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Fonts"
* click "Adjust All Fonts"
* check "Font"
* highlight "Bitstream Vera Sans"
* click "OK"
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Customizing the tool bar =
== Mozilla Firefox ==
Firefox uses the globe icon instead of the icon with the firefox. I like to change the icon to the Firefox icon.
* right click the Firefox icon in the toolbar
* click on Properties
* click on the icon
* in the search box, type "fire"
* double-click on the FireFox icon
* click OK
= Customizing the K menu =
== Run KSysV as root ==
* click on "K > System"
* right-click on "KSysV (SysV-Init Editor)"
* click on "Edit Item"
* in the Command text field, add sudo to the front of the command
sudo ksysv -caption "%c" %i %m
* uncheck "Run as different user"
* click on "File > Save"
* click on "File > Quit"

= Changing the background image =
Change the background image to Debian Blue:
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Background"
* click the radio button "Picture"
* choose "Debian Blue" from the drop-down menu
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Changing the splash screen =
Change the splash screen to "Redmond":
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Splash Screen"
* click on Redmond
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Setting up and starting services =
== Setting up webmin ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost:10000/
# install/setup
sudo -i
passwd
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin
rm /etc/rc?.d/*webmin
update-rc.d webmin start 30 2 3 4 5 . stop 70 0 1 6 .
/etc/init.d/webmin stop
/etc/init.d/webmin start
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost:10000/

== Setting up the apache webserver ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/
# install/setup
sudo -i
update-rc.d apache start 40 2 3 4 5 . stop 60 0 1 6 .
/etc/init.d/apache stop
/etc/init.d/apache start
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/

setting up webmin-apache
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-apache
#
# test connection to apache module and configure (I choose the defaults)
lynx https://localhost:10000/apache/index.cgi

== Setting up the SSH server ==
# test
ssh knoppix@localhost
# install/setup
sudo -i
passwd knoppix
update-rc.d ssh start 35 2 3 4 5 . stop 65 0 1 6 .
perl -i -plne 's/(^PermitRootLogin) yes/$1 no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
/etc/init.d/ssh stop
/etc/init.d/ssh start
# test
ssh knoppix@localhost

setting up webmin-ssh
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-sshd
#
# test connection to sshd module
https://localhost:10000/sshd/index.cgi

== Setting up the MySQL server ==
# test
mysql --no-defaults -h localhost -u root mysql -e 'status'
# install/setup
sudo -i
update-rc.d mysql start 35 2 3 4 5 . stop 65 0 1 6 .
perl -i -plne 's/(^old_pass)/# $1/' /etc/mysql/my.cnf
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
/etc/init.d/mysql start
# test
mysql --no-defaults -h localhost -u root mysql -e 'status'

configuring MySQL root account
# set a root password
mysqladmin --no-defaults -h localhost -u root password 123456
# unset the root password
mysqladmin --no-defaults -h localhost -u root -p123456 password ''

setting up webmin-mysql
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-mysql
#
# test connection to MySQL module
lynx https://localhost:10000/mysql/index.cgi

== Setting up Mediawiki ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/mediawiki/

# install
apt-get update
apt-get install mediawiki

# enable index.php
perl -i -plne '$rep="\n\tDirectoryIndex index.html index.htm " .
"index.shtml index.cgi index.php" ;
s#(^.*/mediawiki/>)#$1$rep#' /etc/mediawiki/apache.conf
/etc/init.d/apache reload

# configure -- Fill in form
lynx http://localhost/mediawiki/

# If configuring worked, move the config files around
( set -x
mv /var/lib/mediawiki/config/LocalSettings.php /etc/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php &&
chmod 600 /etc/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php &&
rm -rf /var/lib/mediawiki/config/
)
/etc/init.d/apache reload

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*The following guide will show you how to [http://www.pavtube.com/guide/edit-mod-video.html convert MOD video] to lossless audio with Pavtube MOD Converter.
*[http://www.pavtube.com/hd-video-converter-mac/ Mac HD converter] convert among all HD video and audio formats on Mac.
*[http://www.pavtube.com/mts-converter/ MTS Converter] is a professional but easy-to-use MTS Video Converter.
*With [http://www.pavtube.com/tod-converter/ TOD Converter] it is so easy to quickly and perfectly convert tod file.
*[http://www.pavtube.com/flv-converter/ FLV to Video Converter] is an easy-to-use tool for converting FLV files to popular video and audio formats.
*[http://www.pavtube.com/blu-ray-ripper/ Blu-ray converter] allows you convert blu-ray and general dvd to various video and audio formats like avi, mp4, wmv, mpeg, mkv, mov, xvid, mp3 without any loss.

Customizing environment using 4.0.2CD

2010-03-18T14:57:36Z

Shibo:

These are the steps I use to customize my Knoppix 4.0.2 environment.

__TOC__
= Persistent Disk Image (PDI) =
A persistent disk image allows me to customize Knoppix without having to remaster the CD. With a generic Knoppix CD and a PDI, I can take my environment to just about any computer.

Create a persistent disk image either from the GUI or the command line
* From within KDE
K > KNOPPIX > Configure > Create persistent KNOPPIX image
* command line
knoppix-mkimage
I prefer an image size of 500 MB, which is just large enough for a significant amount of software updates yet small enough to fit on a USB thumb drive. I don't choose encryption, but that's a personal preference. Once you create the image, reboot and specify the image at the boot prompt. Assuming the knoppix.img is at /mnt/sda1/, then:
boot: knoppix home=/mnt/sda1/knoppix.img
Note: Specifying the home folder may not be necessary. Apparently, Knoppix scans for the knoppix.img even if one does not specify home=.

= Installing Microsoft's True Type fonts =
Installing Microsoft's True Type fonts using apt-get at the command line
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
Change the fonts in KDE:
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Fonts"
* click "Adjust All Fonts"
* check "Font"
* highlight "Bitstream Vera Sans"
* click "OK"
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Customizing the tool bar =
== Mozilla Firefox ==
Firefox uses the globe icon instead of the icon with the firefox. I like to change the icon to the Firefox icon.
* right click the Firefox icon in the toolbar
* click on Properties
* click on the icon
* in the search box, type "fire"
* double-click on the FireFox icon
* click OK
= Customizing the K menu =
== Run KSysV as root ==
* click on "K > System"
* right-click on "KSysV (SysV-Init Editor)"
* click on "Edit Item"
* in the Command text field, add sudo to the front of the command
sudo ksysv -caption "%c" %i %m
* uncheck "Run as different user"
* click on "File > Save"
* click on "File > Quit"

= Changing the background image =
Change the background image to Debian Blue:
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Background"
* click the radio button "Picture"
* choose "Debian Blue" from the drop-down menu
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Changing the splash screen =
Change the splash screen to "Redmond":
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Splash Screen"
* click on Redmond
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Setting up and starting services =
== Setting up webmin ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost:10000/
# install/setup
sudo -i
passwd
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin
rm /etc/rc?.d/*webmin
update-rc.d webmin start 30 2 3 4 5 . stop 70 0 1 6 .
/etc/init.d/webmin stop
/etc/init.d/webmin start
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost:10000/

== Setting up the apache webserver ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/
# install/setup
sudo -i
update-rc.d apache start 40 2 3 4 5 . stop 60 0 1 6 .
/etc/init.d/apache stop
/etc/init.d/apache start
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/

setting up webmin-apache
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-apache
#
# test connection to apache module and configure (I choose the defaults)
lynx https://localhost:10000/apache/index.cgi

== Setting up the SSH server ==
# test
ssh knoppix@localhost
# install/setup
sudo -i
passwd knoppix
update-rc.d ssh start 35 2 3 4 5 . stop 65 0 1 6 .
perl -i -plne 's/(^PermitRootLogin) yes/$1 no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
/etc/init.d/ssh stop
/etc/init.d/ssh start
# test
ssh knoppix@localhost

setting up webmin-ssh
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-sshd
#
# test connection to sshd module
https://localhost:10000/sshd/index.cgi

== Setting up the MySQL server ==
# test
mysql --no-defaults -h localhost -u root mysql -e 'status'
# install/setup
sudo -i
update-rc.d mysql start 35 2 3 4 5 . stop 65 0 1 6 .
perl -i -plne 's/(^old_pass)/# $1/' /etc/mysql/my.cnf
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
/etc/init.d/mysql start
# test
mysql --no-defaults -h localhost -u root mysql -e 'status'

configuring MySQL root account
# set a root password
mysqladmin --no-defaults -h localhost -u root password 123456
# unset the root password
mysqladmin --no-defaults -h localhost -u root -p123456 password ''

setting up webmin-mysql
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-mysql
#
# test connection to MySQL module
lynx https://localhost:10000/mysql/index.cgi

== Setting up Mediawiki ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/mediawiki/

# install
apt-get update
apt-get install mediawiki

# enable index.php
perl -i -plne '$rep="\n\tDirectoryIndex index.html index.htm " .
"index.shtml index.cgi index.php" ;
s#(^.*/mediawiki/>)#$1$rep#' /etc/mediawiki/apache.conf
/etc/init.d/apache reload

# configure -- Fill in form
lynx http://localhost/mediawiki/

# If configuring worked, move the config files around
( set -x
mv /var/lib/mediawiki/config/LocalSettings.php /etc/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php &&
chmod 600 /etc/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php &&
rm -rf /var/lib/mediawiki/config/
)
/etc/init.d/apache reload

==Extral links==
The following guide will show you how to [http://www.pavtube.com/guide/edit-mod-video.html convert MOD video] to lossless audio with Pavtube MOD Converter.
[http://www.pavtube.com/hd-video-converter-mac/ Mac HD converter] convert among all HD video and audio formats on Mac.
[http://www.pavtube.com/mts-converter/ MTS Converter] is a professional but easy-to-use MTS Video Converter.
With [http://www.pavtube.com/tod-converter/ TOD Converter] it is so easy to quickly and perfectly convert tod file.
[http://www.pavtube.com/flv-converter/ FLV to Video Converter] is an easy-to-use tool for converting FLV files to popular video and audio formats.
[http://www.pavtube.com/blu-ray-ripper/ Blu-ray converter] allows you convert blu-ray and general dvd to various video and audio formats like avi, mp4, wmv, mpeg, mkv, mov, xvid, mp3 without any loss.

Wireless Networking

2010-03-18T14:49:59Z

Shibo:

==== General Information On Wireless Card Setup Under Knoppix ====

This is a stub for this section, to be added shortly
NdisWrapper: This seems to be a way many people are useing windows drivers to run their wireless equipment. This is done to allow Linux to talk through a wrapper that emulates windows calls to the windows driver. It asks for the driver X.inf and maby X.sys Then 2 other things ...id and wep key.

If instructions of what to enter into these fileds and where to find it and what version of knoppix the GUI interface being used is found and maby a genaric BA shell interface for doing this.

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Short and sweet (but incomplete)

ndiswrapper -l (lists all the present drivers)

ndiswrapper -e (do for each driver)

modprobe -r ndiswrapper (unload old module)

nsidwrapper -i mywindowswirelessdriver.inf

ndiswrapper -l (my.. is there only one there? :)

modprobe ndiswrapper

dmesg | grep ndis

iwconfig (Gottcha!!! wlan0)

ifconfig wlan0 etcetc

iwconfig wlan0 etcetc

dhclient wlan0

ping google.com

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

My two bits of information added here could be edited for readability but
I definitely believe it will help people (it helped me!)...

Here's one example of how to use ndiswrapper (http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net[http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net])
READ the Install directions (at least twice) until all the commands and the REASON
you're typing these things in makes sense because you may have to modify it for your
particular situation (as I had to do) AND read Troubleshooting if you have troubles.

Note: My wireless usb hardware was listed under List of cards known to work, this may
make redundant the section below.

Copy the whole folder (you definitely need the .inf and the .sys file but
maybe .cat or .dll helps too) with the windows drivers (e.g. DRIVERS containing
DELLNIC.inf and PRISMA02.sys)

UHHH... check that, you actually first need the drivers for the Motherboard
USB Controller (ah Knoppix how could you let me down? :)
in this case: Silicon Integrated Systems Winxp/2k drivers for usb 2.0

Go into root shell (not just terminal console)

Type 'lspci' at the prompt to see a listing of USB bridges (the way usb devices
get to the motherboard). Look for your USB controller
(e.g. 00:03.0 USB Controller: Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] uSB 1.0 Controller (rev 0f) etc.

type: ndiswrapper -i filename.inf

Hint you might have to type

ndiswrapper -i /home/knoppix/tmp/DRIVER/DELLNIC.inf

or first I learned I had to install

ndiswrapper -i /home/knoppix/tmp/SiS/SISUSB2X.INF

and

ndiswrapper -i /home/knoppix/tmp/SiS/USB2X.INF

I then tested it:

ndiswrapper -l

which showed me 'driver invalid' (But the USB was finally ok) so I had to remove the old one
(which also included browsing with root privileges to /etc/ndiswrapper and deleting the dellnic
folder)

ndiswrapper -r /home/knoppix/tmp/DRIVER/DELLNIC.inf

then again type (actually for insurance I rename DELLNIC.INF to dellnic.inf):

ndiswrapper -i /home/knoppix/tmp/DRIVER/dellnic.inf

then finally:

ndiswrapper -l

showed me
dellnic: driver installed
device (413C:8104) present

I tested it and

modprobe ndiswrapper

came up without any response (before it gave me some crappy error)
but futher investigation

dmesg | grep ndis

gives me ndiswrapper version 1.32 loaded...
ndiswrapper: driver dellnic (...) loaded
usbcore: registered new interface driver ndiswrapper

Now that we've installed the hardware we've got to get the software working...

iwconfig

shows me wlan0 is already setup!
Notice the interface name is wlan0, so you should issue the following command to associate to your

nearest (unprotected, unencrypted) access point:

dhclient wlan0

BUT in my case I need to start WPA Supplicant (necessary to use WirelessEncryptionProtocol)?
At least Knoppix button -> KNOPPIX menu -> Network/Internet -> Wireless LAN
Kwlan does a lot of the work but is incomplete - it doesn't have a quick gui to configure the WEP and everything so...

iwconfig

shows me how my wireless is working (IEEE, ESSID, Mode, Freq, AccessPoint, etc.)
but it doesn't configure anything by itself... instead:

wlcardconfig

starts a set of gui prompts which will configure my wireless:
ESSID (network name/id) type in name
NWID (cell identifier?) left blank
Mode left blank (defaults to Managed)
channel number left blank (defaults to auto)
frequency left blank
encryption key . . . . . .

additional paramaters?
iwspy
iwpriv

Which is close - but now I need an IP (since my AccessPoint does DHCP),

pump -i wlan0

gives me an ip address! All finished.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

'''The below sections are specific information on specific make and models of Wireless Networking Adapters and information we currently have on if they are supported in Knoppix or not. Please add your results with your card to the list, and please try to keep the list in alphabetical order. Please do not post questions about wireless adapters here, those should be submitted in the Networking Forum.'''

==== Belkin ====

===== Belkin 802.11b 11Mbps PCMCIA card F5D6020 =====

This 802.11b pcmcia card (pc card) was detected by Knoppix 3.7 (maybe by prior versions too), but I could not get it to operate properly. Starting with Knoppix 3.8.1 it was detected and worked perfectly. ndiswrapper is not needed. My card is marked ver. 2101 on the box. If your card is not ver. 2101 it may or may not use a different chip set.

==== D-Link ====

Here is a link to a D-link page that claims to tell you which D-link cards have "open source" drivers and which do not.

http://support.dlink.com/faq/view.asp?prod_id=357&question=General%20Wireless

However, it is worth mentioning that in most or all of these cases the drivers are not really "open source", they are precompiled modules that the source code is not available for. And in some cases they are insanely bloated, the "driver" for my card is about 2 megs in size just for a driver! Note that not all of these cards are supported by Knoppix and it is extremely unlikely that even if the license permits it that a sepcific card driver will ever be included in Knoppix if it is several megs in size.

===== D-Link DWL-650 =====

This is a very common and inexpensive 801.11b pcmcai card offered by D-link. Unfortunately, D-Link has actually released a number of different versions of this card that use completely different chipsets from different intigrated circuit manufacturers all under the same model number. The D-Link website can be used to identify which version you have, but the version number may not be marked on the outside of the box when you buy this card, so it may be a problem to find one that works under Knoppix.

There are reports that some versions of this card are detected and work under Knoppix. See this thread in the forums: http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=19759&highlight=dwl650
However, I have two DWL-650 cards and so far they have not been detected by Knoppix.

===== D-Link DWL-G650 =====

This section detais how to get this card working with WPA-PSK enabled. All you need to do is follow three easy steps.

1. Configure wpa_supplicant by creating a configuration file. The configuration file should like something like this

network={
ssid="qshot"
scan_ssid=0
proto=WPA
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
psk=20d57f08127c079f599df23a13513c8708028b73d49860c9b3b7d00b3a8c1a96
}

The psk variable value is obtained by running the command:

wpa_passphrase <ssid> <passphrase>

2. Next start wpa_supplicant by invoking the following command:

wpa_supplicant -D madwifi -c wpa_supplicant.conf -i ath0

By runnning this command you are able to authenticate with your wireless router.

3. After you have authenticated the final step is to obtain an IP address via DHCP. The command to use is:

pump -i ath0

At this point you can type ''ifconfig'' to verify your IP address assignment.

==== Orinoco Gold ====

This was one of the first and best supported wireless 802.11b pcmcia cards under Linux.
It is still one of the best cards for compatability, not just with Linux, but with several networking programs that work under Linux like NETstumbler and airsnort. Unfortunately, it tends to be very overpriced and can usually not be found at major retailers, but must be obtained mail order, if available at all.

==== Linksys ====

===== Linksys WPC55AG =====

Here is a link to a forum discussion about this card:
http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=12351

==== Netgear ====

===== Netgear WG111 =====

<b>Configuring the WG111 to use WPA-PSK on a wireless network</b>

This card works very well in Knoppix 3.9 using ndiswrapper, but is as of yet untested in other versions of Knoppix (to my knowledge).

*'''Commands:
Assuming that the drivers are on the cd in /dev/cdrom, then
mount /dev/cdrom/ /mnt/cdrom/

Find '''ndiswrapper configuration''' under Knoppix->Network/Internet and select '''netwg111.inf''' from '''/mnt/cdrom'''. After that finishes, create the configuration file that you will need shortly using the following command:
wpa_passphrase MySSIDHere MyPassphraseHere > /home/knoppix/wpa_supplicant.conf
Now, use your favorite text editor (if you don't have one, try Kate under the menu item '''Editors''') and edit the
'''/home/knoppix/wpa_supplicant.conf''' you just created (see sample below).

With that completed, run the following command. '''Warning:''' As it is, the command will monopolize your current command window with potentially useful debugging output, including your encryption key; add '''-B''' if you would rather run it in the background (useful when you know it works already), remove '''-K''' to hide your key.
sudo wpa_supplicant -ddKt -i wlan0 -c /home/knoppix/wpa_supplicant.conf -Dndiswrapper

The following grabs an IP address if you use DHCP from your router.
sudo pump -i wlan0

And finally, tell Knoppix where to go to find the internet.
sudo route add default gw ''<Gateway/Router IP address here>''

*'''wpa_supplicant.conf
Note: the bold lines were added in the editing steps for my Linksys WRT54G Router to accept the card. See the Useful Links at the end for a full explanation of all options that can be put in here.
'''ctrl_interface=/home/knoppix/wpa_supplicant
'''eapol_version=1
'''ap_scan=1
network={
ssid="MySSIDHere"
'''scan_ssid=1
#psk="MyPassphraseHere"
psk=''hex representation of the passphrase
'''proto=WPA
'''key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
'''pairwise=TKIP
'''group=TKIP
}

*'''Useful Links:

[http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=12351 Wireless card success story (where I located the ''pump'' command)]

[http://hostap.epitest.fi/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/hostap/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain Example wpa_supplicant.conf with full explanations and various configurations]

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