Knoppix Documentation Wiki - User contributions [en]

Knoppix Remastering Howto

2005-02-03T02:32:15Z

Kyle: /* See also : */ I thought I killed all the ['s and ]'s everywhere...

== Translations: ==
* German Version: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Deutsch]]
* Spanish Version: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Spanish]] en español
* French Version: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto French]]
* Indonesian Version : [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Indonesian]]
----

== See also : ==
* If you want to add a custom kernel, check out the [[Knoppix Custom Kernel Howto]]
* There also a guide at O'Reilly on the same topic : [http://linux.oreillynet.com/lpt/a/4323 Using and Customizing Knoppix]
----
=== This is a guide that will show you how to remaster KNOPPIX ===
(Notes : commands should appear on one line, so please maximize the window. If you have any comments/suggestions please post below.)

You may wish to start from an already customized Knoppix, so you don't have to do as much work (such as removing programs). If so, see [[Knoppix Customizations]].

==== System Requirements: ====
*CD-ISO
** at least 1 GB of FREE RAM+Swap total (e.g. 256M ram, and 750M swap AVAILABLE) (unless you use a different compression program - look in this page for compressloop)
** 3 GB free on a '''Linux filesystem (ext2/3, xfs, etc.)''' formatted disk partition
*DVD-ISO
** 5 GB free RAM + swap (for fullsized DVD)
** 15 GB free on a '''Linux filesystem (ext2/3, xfs, etc.)''' formatted disk partition

'''Bold text'''==== Instructions: ====

# Boot from the ''Knoppix CD''
# Open a root shell:
** Menu: Kmenu->Knoppix->Root Shell
** Note: All commands below are run from this root shell.
# Configure your Internet connection (we'll need this later). If you use DHCP, it should already be configured.
** Note: Run '''ifconfig''' to check.
# Find the partition you will use to work on. In this example it is called '''hda1''' . The partition should have a minimum of 3 GB free space
# Mount the partition:
** '''mount -rw /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1'''
** Note: Make sure that it is read/write or you will get errors when you later chroot. To check: run '''mount'''
# Create a root directory to work in:
** '''mkdir /mnt/hda1/knx'''
** If you put all your files here and it will be easy to clean up
# If you don't have 1 GB RAM ('''cat /proc/meminfo''' (physical+swap)) then you will need a swapfile:
** '''cd /mnt/hda1/knx ; dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1M count=750 ; mkswap swapfile ; swapon swapfile'''
# Make 2 directories, one for your new Master CD, one for the source, on a disk partition. Also, make additional directories under these named KNOPPIX:
** '''mkdir -p /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX'''
** '''mkdir -p /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX'''
# Now, copy the KNOPPIX files to your source directory :
'''cp -Rp /KNOPPIX/*''' '''/mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX '''
** Note: This will take a little while
# Copy the main HTML page for the startup page:
** '''cp /cdrom/index.html /mnt/hda1/knx/master/ '''
# Copy everything necessary files except the ~700 Mb KNOPPIX file.
** < 3.4: '''cd /cdrom/KNOPPIX;find . -size -10000k -type f -exec cp -p --parents '{}' /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/ \;'''
** 3.4: '''cd /cdrom;find . -size -10000k -type f -exec cp -p --parents '{}' /mnt/hda1/knx/master/ \;'''
# Now you can "chroot" into the copied KNOPPIX:
** '''chroot /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX'''

If you get a whole lot of '''/dev/null permission denied'''
errors, you should do the following. This can happen if you save your Knoppix configure data to the same partition that you are using here, AND if you start with Knoppix with '''knoppix home=scan'''.

Check your mount status if you met the problem: '''mount /dev/hdaX on /mnt/hdaX type ext3 (rw,nosuid,nodev)''' (replace X with your partiton number ) where "nodev" means that you are not accessible on mounted filesystem and you can not access /dev/null. And some scripts get output redirect
to /dev/null... To solve this you should mount the target partition before you do chroot
like this:
^d # control+d will exit the chroot
mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1
You should then see:
mount /dev/hda1 on /mnt/hda1 type ext3 (rw)

If the /dev/null warnings persist then before the chroot do :
mkdir /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX
mount --bind /KNOPPIX /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX
mount --bind /dev /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/dev
'''Better to reboot your box or you have to umount /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/dev and rm /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX before building the CD image or your /dev directory on the CD will be messed up!
then you can carry on and chroot.'''

* You are now chrooted. "/" is actually "/mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX"
* To use the internet you need to mount proc '''mount -t proc /proc proc'''
* Now edit /etc/resolv.conf and add your nameserver or "exit" chroot and copy the resolve.conf into the chroot folder: '''cp /etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf to /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf'''
* Also change smb.conf to your MS group if you want smbd support (MSHOME is XP Home ed. usually, and WORKGROUP is 9x Windows.
* check your chrooted internet connection : '''ping google.com'''
* Update your package list with '''apt-get update'''
* Now you can change stuff.
* '''Warning''': apt-get upgrade is a BAD IDEA. It will, quite probably, render your KNOPPIX remaster unbootable, or broken in some way. A far safer method is to only upgrade packages as necessary
** Before you can add stuff, you will probably need to remove some packages. To get a list of packages installed, type this:
'''*''' '''dpkg-query -l'''
** If you want that list sorted by size (this way you can get rid of the biggies), type this:
'''*''' '''dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Installed-Size} ${Package}\n' | sort -n'''
** To remove a package (and all packages dependant on it), type this:
'''*''' '''apt-get remove --purge <name-of-package-to-remove>'''
** To check for orphaned packages, type this:
'''*''' '''deborphan'''
** Want to save more space by getting rid of those pesky orphans (how cruel!), type this ('''Warning''', you won't be prompted yes/no to remove these packages. When you press Enter after this command, those packages '''will be gone'''):
'''*''' '''deborphan | xargs apt-get -y remove'''
** If you're uncertain about the previous command and want to see what will happen without making any changes, just add the '''-s''' option to the apt-get command like this (you can do this with all of the apt-get commands, and it's a good habit to use this option before mass operations like this one):
'''*''' '''deborphan | xargs apt-get -s -y remove'''
** Now the good stuff. If you wish to add a package, type this:
'''*''' '''apt-get install <name-of-package-to-install>'''
** What, don't know what packages to install? Type this. When the list appears, you can peruse (over 13k lines!) or search for things using '''/<search-term>''':
'''*''' '''apt-cache search .* | sort | less'''
** When you're done removing and adding packages, a good way to clean up is by typing this:
'''*''' '''COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' | xargs dpkg -P'''
** Also, because the Debian package system keeps a cache of downloaded packages, you may want to run the following to clear out those spare files:
'''*''' '''apt-get clean'''
** user settings are in /etc/skel
** tip: don't put files in /root they will be only available (at runtime) in /KNOPPIX/root
* Unmount /proc - very important! '''umount /proc'''
* Press '''CTRL+D''' to leave being chrooted.

==== Notes : ====

When testing X-based programs, you will have to '''export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0'''

When you want to autorun some programs, one can create a script and put it in the directory /etc/rc5.d/ (This only loads items before X loads)

interesting stuff in /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig :

* The X background file is /cdrom/KNOPPIX/background.gif '''(in knoppix 3.4: background.jpg)'''
* As well as floppyconfig, there is cdromconfig which will run cdrom/KNOPPIX/knoppix.sh

interesting stuff in /etc/init.d/xsession :
* it ALSO sets background as /usr/local/lib/knoppix.gif

Now, onto creating the ISO file :

* we've finished customizing and ready to burn!
* first do some cleanup : ''' remove .bash_history files, tmp files etc '''
* '''rm -rf /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/.rr_moved'''
* Now we'll make the big KNOPPIX file which is a cloop compressed ISO 9660 filesystem : '''mkisofs -R -U -V "KNOPPIX.net filesystem" -publisher "KNOPPIX www.knoppix.net" -hide-rr-moved -cache-inodes -no-bak -pad /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX | nice -5 /usr/bin/create_compressed_fs - 65536 > /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX'''

the "www.knoppix.net" and "Knoppix.net filesystem" can be changed to what you want to call the file. You will get an error that it doesn't conform to ISO standards, you can ignore this.

In Knoppix 3.4 the create_compressed_fs script has been updated so be sure to use it to obtain the best result.
It has a new option '''-b''' (best), which enables the best compression by using
different compression schemes and tries to optimize that way, but be careful, because that option is slow (10x slower).

* if all went well, onto making the final CD-ROM Image :
* '''cd /mnt/hda1/knx/master'''
* '''rm -f KNOPPIX/md5sums; find -type f -not -name md5sums -not -name boot.cat -not -name isolinux.bin -exec md5sum '{}' \; >> KNOPPIX/md5sums''' (this will update the md5 hashes of the files included in the ISO, used for integrity checking)
* for Knoppix <= 3.3: '''mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -b KNOPPIX/boot.img -c KNOPPIX/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso /mnt/hda1/knx/master''' (the ISO is stored in /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso)
* For Knoppix >= 3.4 or other isolinux based distributions do:
'''mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso /mnt/hda1/knx/master''' (the ISO is stored in /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso)
* all done!

=== Tips ===
If you are looking for big installed packages then the command
: dpkg-awk "Status: .* installed$" -- Package Installed-Size | \
: awk '{print $2}' | egrep -v '^$' | xargs -n2 echo | \
: perl -pe 's/(\S+)\s(\S+)/$2 $1/' | sort -rg
will list the packages with size in descending order.
At least ten times faster is the command

: dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Installed-Size} ${Package}\n' | sort -n

and you don't need dpkg-awk or awk or perl.

If you have trouble with the above sort command, try using KPackage, expanded all the trees and sorted by the size column to find big packages.

Check out the program "deborphan", it will list orphaned packages that you can remove, these packages were used by packages that are now removed.

I have had good results remastering working from the cd as root working from fluxbox. Just say "knoppix 2" at the boot prompt and it will boot you to a root prompt where you can then say "startx /usr/bin/fluxbox". I like to use the xterm unicode shell.

While working chroot doing the remastering I like to use "apt-get remove --purge pkg-name" to remove packages because before it does anything it will stop and show detials on what it is fixing to remove and let you say "yes or no".

If you don't use the above "apt-get" instructions and have a lot to cleanup and purge, here's the easy way to do it: "COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' >topurge". That will make a list of all removed packages to purge and then you just say "dpkg -P `cat topurge `" and your all done. "COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' | xargs dpkg -P" is a one-line version of this.
Also use "deborphan >orphaned" then "dpkg -P `cat orphaned `". "deborphan | xargs dpkg -P " is a one line version for that.

Thats it. This is an updated version of my previous howto. This is not meant for linux beginners, you will need to know your way around linux to get this to work. I'll update this as corrections/improvements/etc come through.

Thanks to aay, charan, Tech2k, and #knoppix for some corrections and tips and ideas. Feel free to edit or add to this howto.
Note about swap: 
You don't really need 1G swap as there are two new tools to create compressed filesystems. Here are some candidates to make''compressed''fs:
* Valentijn's rewrite [http://projects.openoffice.nl/downloads/compressloop/]
* Quozl's port of compressloop for Knoppix 3.4 [http://quozl.linux.org.au/compressloop-1.9-64bit.c]
* Quozl's distributed compressloop (use more than one processor to speed things up) [http://quozl.linux.org.au/knoppix/compressloop/] or [http://quozl.netrek.org/knoppix/compressloop/]
* Justin's patch [http://s.bouncybouncy.net/~justin/code/] (link broken) I also just wrote a distributed cloop compressor(or for smp) It's in that same directory.

==== Tip, test cd-image without recording cd ====

If you have a spare partition with at least 700MB free space formatted with ext2, ext3 or Vfat, you can use this for test by booting from a floppy disk. A floppy boot will look for a partiton with /KNOPPIX/ in the root, and the compressed image /KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX. Instead of using the sub-directory /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/ as described above, it should be called /mnt/hda2/KNOPPIX/ . The root index.html will then be located at /mnt/hda2/index.html and the compressed image will be at /mnt/hda2/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX . Now you can boot from floppy and use /mnt/hda2 as your image. For further information see [[Hd BasedHowTo]].

If you don't have an extra partition or you don't want to do so much for it, you can use Qemu ( see [http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/] ) with the ISO image like this:
'''qemu -m 128 -cdrom /temp/knoppix-custom.iso -boot d -user-net'''
You even do not have to build a hard disk image before, just install Qemu and try this. Amazing!

==== Booting Knoppix images with GRUB ====
* First copy /boot of the Knoppix cd to your boot partition (or even your dos partition). I named mine boot.knoppix
''' Copy the /KNOPPIX directory to your '''root directory* of any hard disk. You may place it somewhere other than the boot partition. (ext2/3, reiserfs, vfat are supported)
* put the following in your /boot/grub/menu.lst:
title KNOPPIX
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot.knoppix/vmlinuz 2 fromhd=/dev/hda4 lang=us
initrd /boot.knoppix/miniroot.gz
* notice the fromhd parameter: it's the location of the /KNOPPIX directory
* reboot and have fun.

If my howto is too confusing, or you'd like a second opinion, check out charan's very nice remastering howto : http://gnubox.dyndns.org:8080/~sunil/knoppix.php .
Another Howto is at http://www.stirnimann.com/mystuff/doc/knoppix.txt

There is a wizard, which knows all the unpacking, compressing and CD-recording steps mentioned here. It also shows a shell where you can update the uncompressed KNOPPIX system using debian's standard software installation tools. It is called mmkcdrom and part of the plugscript package: [http://rcswww.urz.tu-dresden.de/~holzhey/plugscript]

Yet another HOWTO, for shell freaks, is at http://quozl.linux.org.au/knoppix/

Be sure to check out the [http://knoppix.net/forum/viewforum.php?f=2 Knoppix Customization Forum] for ideas and help with remastering.
----
This is the recommended directory layout for remastering KNOPPIX:
. (invoke ../remaster from here)
|-- master (invoke ../../[[u]]mountbootimage from here)
| |-- KNOPPIX
| | |-- KNOPPIX (compressed image)
| | |-- boot.img (boot floppy image)
| | `-- (other files snipped)
| `-- index.html
`-- source
`-- KNOPPIX (this directory can be chrooted into)
|-- bin
|-- boot
|-- cdrom
|-- dev
|-- etc
|-- floppy
|-- home
|-- initrd
|-- lib
|-- mnt
|-- none
|-- opt
|-- proc
|-- root
|-- sbin
|-- tmp -> /var/tmp
|-- usr
|-- var
`-- vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-2.4.22-xfs
----
the following script "remaster" will do the remaster process for you. Use as root, or you will end up with wrong access rights in the image.

The script has last been tried out on Debian sid on 2004-04-02.

#!/bin/bash -x
# This script builds a new KNOPPIX ISO image.
# Copyright (C) 2004 by Marc Haber <mh+knoppix-remaster@zugschlus.de>
# License: GPL V2

ROOT="$PWD"
SOURCE="$ROOT/source/KNOPPIX"
MASTER="$ROOT/master"
CLOOPTARGET="$ROOT/master/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX"
TARGET="$ROOT"
EXCLUDELIST="$ROOT/source/excludelist"

rm -rf $SOURCE/.rr_moved

cd $SOURCE
mkisofs -R -U -V "KNOPPIX.net filesystem" \
-P "KNOPPIX www.knoppix.net" \
-hide-rr-moved -cache-inodes -no-bak -pad \
-exclude-list $EXCLUDELIST \
. | nice -5 /usr/bin/create''compressed''fs - 65536 > $CLOOPTARGET

cd $MASTER
rm -f KNOPPIX/md5sums
find -type f -not -name md5sums -not -name boot.cat -exec md5sum {} \; >> KNOPPIX/md5sums
mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -b KNOPPIX/boot.img \
-c KNOPPIX/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o $TARGET/knoppix.iso $MASTER
----
The following script will loop-mount boot floppy image and initrd image for modification. The umount function will build a new initrd image and put it back on the boot floppy image.

The script has last been tried out on Debian sid on 2004-01-13.

#!/bin/bash -x
# This script will loop-mount boot floppy and initrd image
# Copyright (C) 2004 by Marc Haber <mh+knoppix-remaster@zugschlus.de>
# License: GPL V2
unset CDPATH || true

# if not root, re-invoke self as root
if [[ "`id -u`" -ne 0 ]]; then
export LOCUSER="$USER"
export LOCHOME="$HOME"
if [[ "${SHELLOPTS/xtrace/}" != "$SHELLOPTS" ]]; then
sudo bash -x $0 $@
exit $?
else
sudo $0 $@
exit $?
fi
else
LOCUSER="${LOCUSER:-$USER}"
LOCHOME="${LOCHOME:-$HOME}"
fi
set -e

KNOPPIXDIR="KNOPPIX"
BOOTIMGFILE="$KNOPPIXDIR/boot.img"
BOOTIMGFS="vfat"
BOOTIMGDIR="boot.img"
INITRDGZ="$BOOTIMGDIR/miniroot.gz"
INITRDFILE="$KNOPPIXDIR/miniroot"
INITRDFS="ext2"
INITRDDIR="miniroot"

mountbootimage() {
if ! modprobe loop; then
echo >&2 "ERR: cannot load loop module"
exit 1
fi

if ! [[ -e "$BOOTIMGFILE" ]]; then
echo >&2 "ERR: no $BOOTIMGFILE found"
exit 1
fi

for nofile in $BOOTIMGDIR $INITRDGZ $INITRDFILE $INITRDDIR; do
if [[ -e "$nofile" ]]; then
echo >&2 "ERR: $nofile already exists"
exit 1
fi
done

mkdir -p $BOOTIMGDIR
mount -o loop,uid=$LOCUSER -t $BOOTIMGFS $BOOTIMGFILE $BOOTIMGDIR

< $INITRDGZ gunzip > $INITRDFILE
mkdir -p $INITRDDIR
mount -o loop -t $INITRDFS $INITRDFILE $INITRDDIR
}

umountbootimage() {
dd if=/dev/zero of=$INITRDDIR/nullfile || true
sync
rm $INITRDDIR/nullfile
umount $INITRDDIR
rmdir $INITRDDIR
< $INITRDFILE gzip --best > $INITRDGZ
rm -f $INITRDFILE

umount $BOOTIMGDIR
rmdir $BOOTIMGDIR

syslinux KNOPPIX/boot.img
}

case "`basename $0`" in
mountbootimage)
mountbootimage
;;
umountbootimage)
umountbootimage
;;
*)
echo >&2 "ERR: called with unknown name `basename $0`"
exit 1
;;
esac

Bittorrent

2005-01-19T04:48:55Z

Kyle: add clicky link to azureus.sourceforge.net

Bittorrent is a swarming downloading method which allows for large files to be distributed far quicker and more bandwidth efficiently than simply many users downloading from one server. When you use a torrent to download a file, you are also contributing to the files distribution. As you recieve sections of the file (which are individually verified) you will also start to send those sections of the file to other users who need them, similarly you will be receving the file from numerous other users. The more people who are attempting to download a file, the quicker it will spread.

What does all of this have to do with Knoppix? Well Knoppix is large download (700MB) and can have extremely large numbers of people looking to download it in a short space of time (when a major new version is released). Due to the load this places on the server hosting the download, Knoppix can be slow to get around onto the network of mirrors.

Knoppix 3.4 was different, in fact it was released first via Bittorrent at http://torrent.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/ . Things weren't completely smooth sailing at first as the demand was staggering but since then the setup has been refined and seems to have no problems coping with the loads thrown at it.

To top it all off, you will often see mention of people having problems with Knoppix where ultimately it is down to a broken download. If you don't have the bandwidth to not care about having to redownload a copy of Knoppix if something goes funny (and if you do can you give some to the rest of us please), then Bittorrent is the answer. If Bittorrent is happy, you can be sure the file you have is identical to the original, for modem users who may have to reconnect many times to finish the download, this is a godsend (one crash could destroy the past 30 hours downloading by http/ftp, but bittorrent will fix the download without having to duplicate any significant amount of downloading).

Now for the downside, in certain circumstances you just won't be able to use Bittorrent. If you are behind a firewall you do not control you will either not be able to use Bittorrent at all or your download speeds will be appalling. If you can control the firewall, then you should be able to open Bittorrent traffic to your computer and get maximimum download speeds.

The official Bittorrent Client is available from http://bittorrent.com/download.html though personally I prefer [http://bittornado.com/ Bit Tornado] (primarily as it has a nice pause button for when you need to do something else quickly).

If you are using the CD-based Knoppix right now, the Java-based [http://azureus.sourceforge.net/ Azureus] client can be installed to a hard disk or USB key and it will work properly.

Cheat Codes

2005-01-15T04:57:08Z

Kyle: /* Options */ adding mention of mem=16320K working just in case I forget.

German Version: [[Cheat Codes Deutsch]] / French Version: [[Cheat Codes French]] /
Versión español: [[Cheat Codes Spanish]]
----
'''Cheatcodes''' are used to pass values to KNOPPIX, to help with getting it working on difficult hardware. You type them into the boot screen, shown to the left, and press enter/return. The format is "kernel opt opt opt ...". Usually "'''knoppix'''" is the right selection for the "kernel", options as listed below (in [[Gnoppix]] is Credativ).

Example: "knoppix xvrefresh=60 noscsi floppyconfig"

You can type more than one cheatcode before pressing enter (i.e. knoppix lang=us knoppix xmodule=fbdev).

==== Options ====
;lang=bg|be|ch|cn|cs|cz|da|de|dk|es|fi|fr|ie|it|ja|nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|uk|us : specify language/keyboard

You can click on http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm to see the two-letters code meanings.

For example, typing knoppix lang=us you change the keyboard/language to US english.

If you don´t change the keyboard, in the default DE-bootimage, Knoppix boots with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_keyboard_layouts#Germany_and_Austria_.28but_not_Switzerland.29 german keyboard layout] (i.e. '=' letter is located at Shift-0 at this keyboard). Print the german keyboard layout for your reference.
 
;keyboard=us : specify only [[console]] keyboard
 
;xkeyboard=us : specify [Xfree86 X] keyboard
 
;atapicd :Do NOT use SCSI-Emulation for IDE CD-Roms - Knoppix V3.4 and later
 
;desktop=fluxbox|icewm|kde|larswm|twm|wmaker|xfce : Use specified WM instead of KDE
 
;screen=1280x1024 :Use specified Screen resolution for X
 
;xvrefresh=60 or vsync=60 : Use 60 Hz vertical refresh rate for X
 
;xhrefresh=80 or hsync=80 : Use 80 kHz horizontal refresh rate for X
 
;xserver=XFree86|XF86_SVGA : Use specified X-Server
 
;xmodule=ati|radeon|[[fbdev]]|vesa|savage|s3|nv|i810|mga|svga|tseng : Use specified XFree4-Module
 
;wheelmouse : The mouse is a wheelmouse - not needed since 2003-04-15
 
;nowheelmouse : Regular PS/2 mouse - 2003-04-15 and after.
 
;2 : Runlevel 2, Textmode only
 
;myconfig=scan or floppyconfig or floppyconf (in recent versions) : Run '''knoppix.sh''' from a floppy. The "floppyconfig" option allows you to reconfigure the system after autoconfig, or install your own config files, by mounting a floppy disk and running a bourne shell script called '''knoppix.sh''' from the root directory on this floppy. There is a GUI to create such a configuration floppy disk calles "saveconfig" (also located in the KDE menu under "KNOPPIX", but experts also know how to do this by creating their own shellscripts. The configuration with network and graphics setup are stored in '''configs.tbz'''. A file called ''knoppix.sh'', if located in the toplevel KNOPPIX directory on CD, will also be executed at startup. This makes it easier to create customized versions without having to change anything on the compressed filesystem KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX.
 
;myconf=/dev/sda1 :Run "knoppix.sh" from a partition - Knoppix V3.4
 
;myconf=scan (or config=scan) :Try to find "knoppix.sh" automatically - Knoppix V3.4
 
;noapic noagp noapm nodma nomce nofirewire nopcmcia noscsi noswap nousb nosmp noaudio : Skip parts of Hardware-detection, In case of a failing hardware autodetection, try booting with any of the "no-" options as shown in the table above, like in knoppix noagp noapm noapic nodma nopcmcia noscsi nousb to skip some critical parts of the autodetection system. The "noswap" option is useful for a forensic analysis without touching existing swap partitions.
 
;pci=irqmask=0x0e98 : Notebook if PS/2 mouse doesn't work, Try "knoppix pci=irqmask=0x0e98" if (you have a notebook and) your PS/2 mouse doesn't work. (Possibly caused by a BIOS-flaw on your board.)
 
;ide2=0x180 nopcmia : boot from PCMIA-CD (Transmeta notebooks)
 
;pci=biosirq : Will force the use of the BIOS assigned '''I'''nterrupt '''R'''e'''Q'''uests on the PCI bus. Possible cure for non-functioning hardware. Very handy for unruly IRQ conflicts. Look at '''dmesg''' and '''cat /proc/pci''' to find out if you have any such troubles..
 
;mem=128M : Specify Memory size in MByte, Some Boards apparently don't pass the proper memory size to the linux-kernel. It may cause the message "Panic cannot mount root file system" and the system hangs. Use "knoppix mem=128M" to solve that problem if your system has 128MByte memory for example (caution you MUST use a capital "M" here). Stuff like mem=16320K also works.
 
;noeject : Do NOT eject CD after halt
 
;noprompt : Its especially useful in combination with noeject. With noprompt, Knopix won't eject the CD and ask for a keypress. It was a much asked feature some time ago. Version 2003-09-22 and later.
 
;nodhcp : skip dhcp/network broadcast detection
 
;splash : It shows the upper half of the KDE splash-screen, while booting up. You can press Esc anytime to see all the messages. Ever wanted to hide those cryptic messages? Version 2003-09-22 and later.
* New in 3.4: Animations (see for yourself) and the ability to press ''any'' key.
 
;modules-disk : This cheatcode allows you to insert a floppy disk with additional modules, for example USB-stick or similar. Yes, its also possible with "expert", but there you loose the automatic configuration afterwards. Version 2003-09-22 and later.
 
;toram : Copy CD to RAM and run from there. Version 2003-09-05 and later.
 
;tohd : You can now do a "poor mans install" on vfat and ext2-Partitions with, '''knoppix tohd=/dev/hda1''' Version 2003-09-22 and later.
 
;fromhd : With this cheatcode the CD-Roms are ignored, so you can finally boot your "poor mans install" with just the original cdrom. Version 2003-09-05 and later. note - Cheatcode "toram" and "fromhd" work now together. Usage fromhd=/dev/hda1.
 
;bootfrom=/dev/hda1 : Access Image then boot from previously copied CD-Image (enables booting from NTFS / ReiserFS) - Knoppix V3.4
 
;bootfrom=/dev/hda1/KNX.iso : Access image, boot from ISO-Image. - Knoppix V3.4
 
NOTE: bootfrom needs access to a running Knoppix-System with the same Kernel as the Bootkernel, before it is able to mount the partition / ISO-Image.
This should allow a poor mans install from NTFS-Partitions and makes it
also possible to boot an ISO-Image directly. You can also use wildcards
in the ISO-Filename, but it must be unique. So: If you have just one
KNOPPIX.iso on /dev/hda1 you can access it as: bootfrom=/dev/hda1/K*.iso,
but if there are several, you need to make clear, which one you want.
(Feature added by Fabian Franz.)
 
CAUTION: The 2.4 kernel that is in the KNOPPIX 3.4 CD does not support the ext3 filesystem so make sure that the ISO is stored in an ext2 filesystem.
 
;gmt|uce : Hardware clock is set to GMT/UCE
 
;vga=normal : No-framebuffer mode, but X
 
;vga=ext : 50-line TEXT mode
 
;dma : enable DMA for all IDE drives
 
;home=scan :Set home directory. 'scan' will search for knoppix.img in the root of all partitions. To create a home directory, go K-menu -> Knoppix -> Configure -> Create persistant home directory. Be carefull when creating the home-dir, Do NOT use the entire partition unless you know what you are doing. Other options could be, home=/dev/hda1/knoppix.img home=/mnt/hda1/knoppix.img . If you are using a USB memory stick type home=/dev/sda1/knoppix.img but home=scan will probably do.
 
;blind :Start Braille-Terminal (no X)
 
;brltty=type,port,table :Parameters for Braille device.
For more information on brltty parameters see http://mielke.cc/brltty/guidelines.html
 
;alsa :Autoconfigure alsa for an pci-soundcard
 
;alsa=es1938 :Configure alsa for the snd-es1938.o-module pci-soundcard
 
;testcd : Check CD data integrity, If your KNOPPIX CD makes strange noises during boot, or you see frequent errors like "cloop read error", or programs on your KDE desktop keep crashing randomly, then your CD image is probably defective or incomplete, or your CD-burner created a defective CD due to wrong writing speed or bad media. This is the most common error reported. Please boot with "knoppix testcd" to check if the CD is OK, and/or even better, verify the MD5 checksums that are present on the mirrors before writing the CD. Also, please read the KNOPPIX-FAQ.
 
;pnpbios=off : No PnP Bios initialization
 
;acpi=off : Disable ACPI Bios completely
 
;pci=bios : Workaround for bad PCI controllers
 
;knoppix_dir=KNOPPIX : Directory to search for on the CD.
 
;knoppix_name=KNOPPIX : Cloop-File to search for on the CD.
 

==== Kernels ====
;knoppix : Default settings
 
;knoppix26 : Boot the 2.6 kernel for use with the new Knoppix 3.4 and 3.4 c't Edition.
 
;knoppix26 acpi=off : Disable ACPI configuration in Kernel 2.6
 
;knoppix-txt : No framebuffer at startup
 
;fb1280x1024 or fb1024x768 or fb800x600 : Use fixed framebuffer graphics
 
;failsafe : Boot with (almost) no hardware detection
 
;expert : Interactive setup for experts, The "expert" mode provides a very simple and not yet well tested interface to loading additional Kernel modules from floppy disks (ext2 or vfat), plus interactive configuration of mouse/keyboard/soundcard/xserver. "expert" mode supports the same boot options as "knoppix".
 
;expert26 : The same as above only with 2.6 kernel - Knoppix V3.4
 
;knoppix -b : Quick-n-dirty boot, almost no HW detection, only 1 VT; hit enter at root-password prompt and start typing commands. Good if you just need to fdisk IDE devices, activate a different partition for booting, DD stuff, and you are planning on rebooting '''Real Fast''' after you're done. You can actually Alt-SysRQ-B safely ie. immediate reboot w/o worrying about shutting down nicely or anything, because nothing is mounted r/w at ALL - not even swap. Also works on other Linux distros.
 
;memtest : Run memtest86 instead of Linux - Knoppix V3.4
 

==== Tips&Tricks ====
If you have an old (VGA) monitor and get only flickering with the defaults, try "knoppix-txt xvrefresh=60" or "fb800x600"
 
Most of the boot options are parsed in /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig and the rest is found in /KNOPPIX/boot.img -> miniroot.gz -> linuxrc.

==== updates: ====
Updated for Knoppix 3.1 2003-01-05 
;Updated for Knoppix 3.2 : desktop=gnome is no longer available... (use [[Gnoppix]]).

See also:
*http://download.linuxtag.org/knoppix/knoppix-cheatcodes.txt Cheatcode last version.
*http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Boot Prompt-HOWTO.html
*http://www.wlug.org.nz/bootparam%287%29

Win Partition

2005-01-13T08:36:48Z

Kyle: /* Windows Partition PMI */

=== Windows Partition PMI ===

Much Credit here is due to the Japanese Knoppix Group for developing an NTFS compatible boot setup, to the various Grub patches authors, and to Ruymbeke for the easy setup and for the adaptation to the domestic versions of Knoppix on DOS/NT/XP machines.

''This how-to was originally written by J. Drake to synthesize [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=52847#52847 this thread] and make it simpler for new users to follow.''

This version of a poor man's installation goes beyond the basics, and utilizes the GRUB bootloader to install Knoppix from a Windows partition (including NTFS). The advantages of this version over the [[Basic Poor Mans]] PMI are as follows:

* 1. No CD, USB, diskette, or any other device are required to boot. You can choose to boot either Windows or Linux from a simple boot menu.

* 2. All setup and installation can be done from within Windows. No prior Linux experience is required to have the function and versatility of a Linux HD install. For new users especially, this option is very attractive.

* 3. In many cases, upgrading is as simple as downloading a new release to the appropriate Windows folder.

* 4. No partitioning is needed to run HD based Linux off of the typical single-partition factory-built computer, unless the user wants to save data to the hard disk. New users who don't wish to partition their drives can save data on a separate disk or USB drive, while those desiring the enhanced function of a persistent home can create as few as one additional non-NTFS partition. Plus, users willing to experiment with Captive NTFS might potentially experiment with persistent homes in their NTFS partitions (not me).

Be sure to read and understand the introductory information on the WIKI page [[Poor Mans Install]].

Note: If you have ever tried any other kind of [[Poor Mans Install]] as described in [[Hd Based HowTo]], please remove or rename the KNOPPIX directory on harddisk.

==== Steps: ====

* 1. Within Windows, download [http://s94592085.onlinehome.us/grub/grubd.zip Ruymbeke's files], and extract them to a folder on the Windows desktop.

* 2. Copy the files and folders from the "Root''Of''NTFS" folder into the root of your C: drive, ''except for boot.ini''. Use boot.ini from the zip as a template for modifying your boot.ini.

* 3. While you're in the root of your C: drive, find the boot.ini file and copy it to boot.old, then open boot.ini with notepad. At the end of the file, add the following line: c:\grldr="Start Grub" . . . or whatever title you want to put in the quotes. Check to make sure that the timeout gives you enough time (in seconds) to make a choice. You can refer to the boot.ini in the zip as an example. Save as Boot.ini and exit.
Notes:
-With Win2000 computers you may add an alternate boot option in the boot.ini file: c:\bootgrub="Start Grub (old method)"
-To work with Windows 9x copy GRUB.EXE from "Root''Of''NTFS" folder to C:\ then edit your CONFIG.SYS file adding the line ''SHELL=GRUB.EXE'' (to return to booting to Windows 9x you will have to edit config.sys again as grub.exe will not allow booting to Windows/Msdos AFAIK).

* 4. Find the ISO file you originally downloaded, and copy it to the c:\boot\knoppix.36 folder.

* 5. Now, open Notepad, and load the file C:/BOOT/GRUB/menu.lst. Check to make sure that each step matches your HD configuration. Exammine the boot stanzas and add any cheatcodes for persistent home, saved configuration, or whatever you may use. Up at the top, I would recommend changing the timeout from 5 seconds to 15. Save and exit.

* 6. Restart, and wait for a menu prompt which gives you a choice between Windows and Start Grub. Cursor down to Start Grub and enter. Then choose among the options in the same manner. You should be launching Knoppix now.

==== Tweaks: ====

* 1. Note that in GRUB, the first disk or first partition are numbered zero. So, if your C: drive is the first partition of your first disk the C: drive will be hd(0,0), and hdb3 would be hd(1,2). On newer stock HP Pavilions, C: is actually the ''second'' partition of the first drive (hda2), which equates to hd(0,1) in grubspeak.

* 2. If you're really new and haven't set up a persistent home yet or saved your configuration, you can set this up later, once you boot into Knoppix. Just click the penguin icon on the toolbar and choose Configure, and follow the instructions to set up a persistent home.

* 3. The easiest way to install programs is by using Klik. Open Konqueror (not Mozilla or any other browser), and type in the following URL: http://klik.berlios.de/ then follow the instructions to install Klik. You will see a number of programs available to you for automatic installation. If you don't see the one you want listed, you can try the following command klik://softwarename into the address block of Konqueror.

Talk:Main Page

2005-01-11T23:07:39Z

Kyle:

I am glad to help out. I will look around to see if there is an obvious starting point, otherwise drop me a line for a hint. NYC8600

Starting point? Seems to be find page on old wiki thats not in the new one, and pastey pastey edit edit
--[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 2:09 December 30th (PST)

----
[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] said on 13:53, 16 Dec 2004 (EST)
:Does it matter how the wikinames are formatted? I noticed that the converter tends to separate the Knoppix away from the rest of the wikiname, but does no other formatting. I note that you show the example of '''Knoppix Customisation''', but how would you handle '''KnoppixRemasterHowtoSpanish'''?

:If it were me (and we all know it's not ;-), I would take this time to reformat the wikinames to be more readable. In other words, '''KnoppixRemasterHowtoSpanish''' would become '''Spanish Remaster Knoppix HowTo''' so it would work well in a sentence such as: Come visit the Spanish Remaster Knoppix HowTo for more information

:Yes?
----

I certainly hope the pagenames are supposed to look like "Hd Based HowTo" instead of "Hd BasedHowTo" or there'll be some editing to do :)
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 18:23, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

---
Good decision! I tried many wiki software and mediawiki is my final choice also.

--[[User:Liao|Liao]] 21:13, 28 Dec 2004 (GMT)

Yep it makes sence to have Knoppix Remaster HowTo Spanish etc.. not all bunched up words! --[[User:Eadz|Eadz]] 22:48, 2 Jan 2005 (GMT)

Hmmm, almost everything in recent changes appears to be marked minor, even some page additions to the new wiki are marked minor, odd. I'm marking my changes minor as I'm just deleting square brackets mostly. --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] Tue Jan 4 07:48:57 UTC 2005

Hmm, from me too as it's probably me. Forgot to set "default minor" when I started so too much was marked "major"?
Anyway, I'm also marking most as minor now as I don't really add much content, just edit what's there.
PS: Any idea why my name is in red?
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 08:16, 4 Jan 2005 (GMT)

The red links are for when theres a link to a page but the page doesn't exist in the wiki, last night I clicked on my page and threw in some text to make my name not red. --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] Tue Jan 4 19:12:05 UTC 2005

[[Knoppix Customisations]] this page uses the word spelt with a z instead of an s inside, I notice this of course after I post to [[Customising FAQ]] blindly, hopefully someone can rename pages in the wiki --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] Tue Jan 4 19:29:05 UTC 2005

You can move the page to a new name but it seems the old one doesn't quite dissapear. And the red name is ofcourse obvious now that you've said it :) --[[User:Markus|Markus]] 21:37, 4 Jan 2005 (GMT)

<nowiki>if [[ -e /proc/net/hostap ]]; then</nowiki>
showing nowiki tag for bash scripts, as I forgot where they are :)
--[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] Tue Jan 11 23:08:07 UTC 2005

Knoppix Remastering Howto Spanish

2005-01-11T23:04:58Z

Kyle: trying out nowiki for bash lines with if -e file

== Traducciones: ==
* Versión en inglés: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto]]
* Versión en alemán: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Deutsch]]
----== Vea también : ==
* Si desea crear un kernel personalizado, compruebe [[Knoppix Custom Kernel Howto]]
* También hay una guía sobre el mismo asunto en O'Reilly: [http://linux.oreillynet.com/lpt/a/4323 Using and Customizing Knoppix]
----
=== Esta guía le mostrará cómo remasterizar KNOPPIX ===
(Notas : las órdenes deberían aparecer en una sóla línea, por favor maximice su ventana del navegador. Si tiene cualquier comentario o sugerencia, por favor envíe el formulario que hay al final.)

Puede que desee personalizar un Knoppix ya adaptado, de forma que no tenga que hacer tanto esfuerzo (tal como eliminar programas). Si es así, vea [[Knoppix Customizations]].

==== Requisitos del sistema: ====
*CD-ISO
** por lo menos 1 GB de memoria libre total FREE RAM+Swap (ej. 256M ram, y 750M swap DISPONIBLE) (a menos que use un programa de compresión diferente - busque compressloop en esta página)
** 3 GB libres en una partición de disco formateada con '''sistema de ficheros Linux (ext2/3, xfs, etc.)'''
*DVD-ISO
** 5 GB libres de RAM + swap (para un DVD de tamaño completo)
** 15 GB libres en una partición de disco formateada con '''sistema de ficheros Linux (ext2/3, xfs, etc.)'''

==== Instrucciones: ====

# Arranque desde el ''CD de Knoppix''
# Abra una consola de root:
** Menú: Kmenu->Knoppix->Consola de Root
** Nota: Todas las órdenes a continuación son ejecutadas desde la consola de root.
# Configure su conexión a Internet (lo necesitará más adelante). Si usa DHCP, ya debería estar configurada.
** Nota: Ejecute '''ifconfig''' para comprobarlo.
# Busque la partición en la que va a trabajar. En este ejemplo será '''hda1''' . La partición debería tenes al menos 3 GB libres
# Monte la partición:
** '''mount -rw /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1'''
** Nota: Asegúrese que es de lectura/escritura u obtendrá errores más adelante cuando cambie la raíz del sistema. Para comprobarlo, teclee '''mount'''
# Cree un directorio raíz donde trabajar:
** '''mkdir /mnt/hda1/knx'''
** Si coloca todos sus ficheros aquí, será fácil borrarlos todos después
# Si no tiene 1 GB de RAM ('''cat /proc/meminfo''' (physical+swap)) entonces necesitará un fichero de intercambio (swap):
** '''cd /mnt/hda1/knx ; dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1M count=750 ; mkswap swapfile ; swapon swapfile'''
# Cree 2 directorios, uno para su nuevo CD maestro, y otro para los fuentes, en una partición del disco. También, cree directorios adicionales en ellos llamados KNOPPIX:
** '''mkdir -p /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX'''
** '''mkdir -p /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX'''
# Ahora copie los ficheros de KNOPPIX a su directorio fuente:
'''* '''cp -Rp /KNOPPIX/''' /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX &'''
** Nota: Esto tardará unos minutos
# Copie la página HTML principal de inicio:
** '''cp /cdrom/index.html /mnt/hda1/knx/master/ '''
# Copie todos los ficheros necesarios excepto el fichero KNOPPIX, de unos 700 Mb.
** < 3.4: '''cd /cdrom/KNOPPIX;find . -size -10000k -type f -exec cp -p --parents {} /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/ \;'''
** 3.4: '''cd /cdrom;find . -size -10000k -type f -exec cp -p --parents {} /mnt/hda1/knx/master/ \;'''
# Ahora puede cambiar la raíz del sistema "chroot" al KNOPPIX copiado en su partición:
** '''chroot /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX'''

Si obtiene un montón de mensajes de error '''/dev/null permission denied''', debería hacer los siguiente. Esto puede pasar si guarda sus datos de configuración de Knoppix en la misma partición que está usando para la remasterización, Y arranca Knoppix con '''knoppix home=scan'''.

Compruebe el estado de montado si obtuvo el problema: '''mount /dev/hdaX on /mnt/hdaX type ext3 (rw,nosuid,nodev)''' (reemplace la X con su número de partición ) donde "nodev" significa que no puede acceder al sistema de ficheros montado y que no puede acceder a /dev/null. Y algunos scripts redirigen la salida a /dev/null... Para solventar esto debería montar la partición de destino antes de cambiar la raíz del sistema (chroot) de esta forma:
^d # control+d saldrá del entorno chroot
mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1
Entonces debería obtener:
mount /dev/hda1 on /mnt/hda1 type ext3 (rw)

Si persisten los avisos de /dev/null entonces, antes de hacer chroot, haga:
mount --bind /dev /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/dev
¡Tiene que desmontar umount /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/dev antes de construir la imagen del CD o el directorio /dev del CD se hará un lío!

entonces puede seguir y hacer el chroot.

* Ahora ha cambiado su direcotio raíz. "/" es en estos en realidad "/mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX"
* Para acceder a Internet necesitará montar proc '''mount -t proc /proc proc'''
* Ahora edite /etc/resolv.conf y añada su servidor de nombres o "salga" del chroot y copie su fichero resolve.conf en el directorio fuente correspondiente: '''cp /etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf'''
* Cambie también su grupo MS en smb.conf si desea soporte smbd (MSHOME es normalmente Home en XP y WORKGROUP en Windows 9x .
* Compruebe su conexión a Internet desde la nueva raíz : '''ping google.com'''
* Actualice su lista de paquetes con '''apt-get update'''
* Ahora puede realizar cambios.
* '''Aviso''': apt-get upgrade es una MALA IDEA. Muy probablemente, hará que su remasterización de KNOPPIX no sea arrancable o se corrompa en alguna forma. Un método más seguro consiste en actualizar sólo los paquetes necesarios
** Antes de poder añadir programas, probablemente tendrá que eliminar algunos paquetes. Para obtener una lista de los paquetes instalados, teclee esto:
'''*''' '''dpkg-query -l'''
** Si quiere tener esa lista ordenada por tamaño (de esta forma podrá eliminar los que más ocupan), teclee esto:
'''*''' '''dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Installed-Size} ${Package}\n' | sort -n'''
** Para eliminar un paquete (y todos los paquetes que dependen de él), teclee esto:
'''*''' '''apt-get remove <nombre-del-paquete-a-eliminar>'''
** Para comprobar paquetes huérfanos, teclee esto:
'''*''' '''deborphan'''
** Si desea ahorrar más espacio eliminando esos molestos huérfanos(¡Qué cruel!), teclee esto ('''Aviso''', no se le preguntará sí/no para eliminar estos paquetes. Cuando pulse Intro después de esta orden, los paquetes '''habrán desaparecido'''):
'''*''' '''deborphan | xargs apt-get -y remove'''
** Si no está seguro acerca del comando anterior y quiere ver qué pasará sin hacer ningún cambio, simplemente añada la opción '''-s''' a la orden apt-get de esta forma (puede hacer esto con todas las órdenes apt-get, y es un buen hábito usar esta opción antes de operaciones masivas como ésta):
'''*''' '''deborphan | xargs apt-get -s -y remove'''
** Ahora las buenas obras. Si desea añadir un paquete, teclee esto:
'''*''' '''apt-get install <nombre-del-paquete-a-instalar>'''
** ¿Que no sabe qué paquetes instalar? Teclee esto. Cuando aparezca la lista, puede examinarla (¡unas 13000 líneas!) o buscar cosas usando '''/<search-term>''':
'''*''' '''apt-cache search .* | sort | less'''
** Cuando haya terminado de eliminar y añadir paquetes, una buena forma de hacer limpieza es tecleando los siguiente:
'''*''' '''COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' | xargs dpkg -P'''
** También, como el sistema de paquetes Debian guarda en caché los paquetes descargados, querrá ejecutar lo siguiente para eliminar esos ficheros inútiles:
'''*''' '''apt-get clean'''
** las configuraciones de usuario están en /etc/skel
** consejo: no cloque ficheros en /root sólo estarán disponibles en tiempo de ejecucuón en /KNOPPIX/root
* Desmonte /proc - ¡muy importante! '''umount /proc'''
* Pulse '''CTRL+D''' para volve a la raíz original (no chrooted).

==== Notas : ====

Cuando compruebe programas gráficos basados en X, tendrá que hacer '''export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0'''

Cuando quiera autoejecutar algunos programas, puede crear un script y ponerlo en el directorio /etc/rc5.d/ (Esto sólo carga elementos antes de cargar las X)

hay material interesante en /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig :

* El fichero de fondo X background está en /cdrom/KNOPPIX/background.gif '''(en knoppix 3.4: background.jpg)'''
* Al igual que con floppyconfig, está cdromconfig que ejecutará cdrom/KNOPPIX/knoppix.sh

hay material interesante en /etc/init.d/xsession :
* TAMBIÉN establece el fondo /usr/local/lib/knoppix.gif

Ahora la creación del fichero ISO :

* ya hemos terminado de personalizarlo y ¡queremos quemar!
* primero haga algo de limpieza : ''' elimine los ficheros .bash_history, ficheros temporales etc '''
* '''rm -rf /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/.rr_moved'''
* Ahora crearemos el fichero enorme que es un sistema de ficheros ISO 9660 cloop comprimido : '''mkisofs -R -U -V "KNOPPIX.net filesystem" -publisher "KNOPPIX www.knoppix-es.org" -hide-rr-moved -cache-inodes -no-bak -pad /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX | nice -5 /usr/bin/create_compressed_fs - 65536 > /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX'''

el "www.knoppix-es.org" y "Knoppix.net filesystem" pueden ser modificados a lo que quiera que nombre el fichero. Obtendrá un error diciendo que no cumple los estándars ISO, puede ignorarlo.

En Knoppix 3.4 el scrip create_compressed_fs ha sido actualizado así que asegúrese de usarlo para obtener los mejores resultados.
Tiene una nueva opción '''-b''' (best), que activa la mejor compresión usando diferentes esquemas de compresión e intenta optimizarlo de esa forma, pero sea cautao, porque esa opción es ralentiza (10 veces más lento).

* si todo fue bien, para crear la imagen del CD-ROM final :
* '''cd /mnt/hda1/knx/master'''
* '''rm -f KNOPPIX/md5sums; find -type f -not -name md5sums -not -name boot.cat -not -name isolinux.bin -exec md5sum {} \; >> KNOPPIX/md5sums''' (esto actualizará las sumas de verificación md5 de los ficheros incluidos, se usa para comprobar la integridad)
* para Knoppix <= 3.3: '''mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -b KNOPPIX/boot.img -c KNOPPIX/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso /mnt/hda1/knx/master''' (la ISO se guardará en /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso)
* Para Knoppix >= 3.4 u otras distribuciones basadas en isolinux haga:
'''mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso /mnt/hda1/knx/master''' (la ISO se guardará en /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso)
* ¡y eso es todo!

=== Trucos/consejos ===
Si está buscando paquetes grandes instalados teclee
: dpkg-awk "Status: .* installed$" -- Package Installed-Size | \
: awk '{print $2}' | egrep -v '^$' | xargs -n2 echo | \
: perl -pe 's/(\S+)\s(\S+)/$2 $1/' | sort -rg
listará los paquetes en orden de tamaño descendente.
Por lo menos diez veces más rápido es el comando

: dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Installed-Size} ${Package}\n' | sort -n

y no necesita dpkg-awk o awk o perl.

Si tiene algún problema con el comando de ordenación anterior, pruebe a usar KPackage, expanda todas las ramas y ordene por la columan de tamaño para encontrar los paquetes mayores.

Compruebe la salida del programa "deborphan", listará los paquetes huérfanos que pueden ser eliminados, estos paquetes eran usados por otros paquetes que ahora han sido borrados.

Yo he obtenido buenos resultados remasterizando trabajando desde el cd como root y desde fluxbox. Sólo teclee "knoppix 2" en el prompt de arranque y arrancará en una consola de texto como root, donde puede teclear "startx /usr/bin/fluxbox". Me gusta usar la consola unicode xterm.

Mientras trabajo desde chroot creando la remasterización me gusta usar "apt-get remove --purge pkg-name" para eliminar paquetes porque antes de hacer nada se detendrá y mostrará los detalles de lo que va a ajustar para eliminar y le permitirá decir "sí o no".

Si no usa la instrucción "apt-get" y tiene que limpiar y ùrgar mucho, aquí tiene la forma de hacerlo: "COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' >topurge". Lo que creará una lista de los paquetes eliminados a purgar y entonces puede hacer "dpkg -P `cat topurge `" y ya está. "COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' | xargs dpkg -P" es la versión en una sola línea de esto.
Use también "deborphan >orphaned" y luego "dpkg -P `cat orphaned `". "deborphan | xargs dpkg -P " es una versión en una sola línea para lo miso.

Eso es todo. Esta es una versión actualizada de mi howto pevio. No es para novatos en Linux, necesitará buscarse la vida para hacerlo trabajar. Actualizaré esto con correcciones/mejoras/etc a medida que las tenga.

Gracias a aay, charan, Tech2k, y #knoppix por algunas correcciones, trucos e ideas. Es libre de editar o añadir a este howto.
Nota cerca de swap: 
No necesita realmente 1G de swap ya que hay dos nuevas herramientaspara crear sistemas de ficehros comprimidos. Aquí hay algunis candidatos para crear sistemas de ficheros ''comprimidos'':
* Valentijn's rewrite [http://projects.openoffice.nl/downloads/compressloop/]
* Quozl's port of compressloop for Knoppix 3.4 [http://quozl.linux.org.au/compressloop-1.9-64bit.c]
* Quozl's distributed compressloop (use more than one processor to speed things up) [http://quozl.linux.org.au/knoppix/compressloop/] or [http://quozl.netrek.org/knoppix/compressloop/]
* Justin's patch [http://s.bouncybouncy.net/~justin/code/] (link broken) I also just wrote a distributed cloop compressor(or for smp) It's in that same directory.

==== Truco, compruebe la imagen del cd sin grabarla en un cd ====

Si tiene una partición de sobra con al menos 700MB de espacio libre formateada con ext2, ext3 o Vfat, puede usarla para comprobaciones arrancando desde un disquete. Un disquete de arranque buscará una partición con el directorio /KNOPPIX/ en la raíz, y la imagen comprimida /KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX. En lugar de usar el subdirectorio /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/ como se describió anteriormente, se debería llamar /mnt/hda2/KNOPPIX/ . Entonces el index.html estaría en /mnt/hda2/index.html y la imagen comprimida estaría en /mnt/hda2/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX . Ahora puede arrancar desde un disquete y usar /mnt/hda2 como imagen. Para más infomración lea [[Hd BasedHowTo]].

Si no tiene una partición extra o no quiere hacerlo, puede usar Qemu ( lea [http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/] ) con la imagen ISO de esta forma:
'''qemu -m 128 -cdrom /temp/knoppix-custom.iso -boot d -user-net'''
Ni siquiera necesita construir imagen de disco antes, simplemente instale Qemu y pruebe esto. ¡Asombroso!

==== Arranque de imágenes de Knoppix con GRUB ====
* Primero copie /boot del cd de Knoppix a su partición de arranque (o incluso a su partición dos). Yo nombré el mío boot.knoppix
''' Copie el directorio /KNOPPIX a su '''directorio raíz* de cualquir disco duro. Puede colocarlo en cualquier otra partición distinta a la de arranque. (puede ser ext2/3, reiserfs o vfat)
* Coloque los siguiente en el fichero /boot/grub/menu.lst:
title KNOPPIX
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot.knoppix/vmlinuz 2 fromhd=/dev/hda4 lang=us
initrd /boot.knoppix/miniroot.gz
* tenga en cuenta que el parámetro fromhd: es el lugar donde está el directorio /KNOPPIX
* reinicie y disfrute.

Si mi howto (cómo) es demasiado confuso, o le gustaría una segunda opinión, mire el bonito howto de charan : http://gnubox.dyndns.org:8080/~sunil/knoppix.php .
Otro Howto en http://www.stirnimann.com/mystuff/doc/knoppix.txt

Hay un asistente, que utiliza todos los pasos de desempaquetado, compresión y grabación de CD mencionados aquí. También muestra una consola donde puede actualizar el sistema KNOPPIX descomprimido usando herramientas de estándar de instalación de software Debian. Se llama mmkcdrom y part del paquete de scripts: [http://rcswww.urz.tu-dresden.de/~holzhey/plugscript]

Otro HOWTO más, para los freaks de la consola, en http://quozl.linux.org.au/knoppix/

Asegúrese de que echa un vistazo a [http://knoppix.net/forum/viewforum.php?f=2 Knoppix Customization Forum] para ideas y ayuda con la remasterización.
----
Este es el esquema de directorios recomendado para remasterizar KNOPPIX:
. (invoque ../remaster desde aquí)
|-- master (invoke ../../[[u]]mountbootimage from here)
| |-- KNOPPIX
| | |-- KNOPPIX (compressed image)
| | |-- boot.img (boot floppy image)
| | `-- (other files snipped)
| `-- index.html
`-- source
`-- KNOPPIX (se puede hacer chroot sobre este directorio)
|-- bin
|-- boot
|-- cdrom
|-- dev
|-- etc
|-- floppy
|-- home
|-- initrd
|-- lib
|-- mnt
|-- none
|-- opt
|-- proc
|-- root
|-- sbin
|-- tmp -> /var/tmp
|-- usr
|-- var
`-- vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-2.4.22-xfs
----
el siguiente script "remaster" hará el proceso de remasterización por usted. Úselo como root, u obtendrá derechos de acceso incorrectos en la imagen.

El script ha sido probado con Debian sid del 2004-04-02.

#!/bin/bash -x
# This script builds a new KNOPPIX ISO image.
# Copyright (C) 2004 by Marc Haber <mh+knoppix-remaster@zugschlus.de>
# License: GPL V2

ROOT="$PWD"
SOURCE="$ROOT/source/KNOPPIX"
MASTER="$ROOT/master"
CLOOPTARGET="$ROOT/master/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX"
TARGET="$ROOT"
EXCLUDELIST="$ROOT/source/excludelist"

rm -rf $SOURCE/.rr_moved

cd $SOURCE
mkisofs -R -U -V "KNOPPIX.net filesystem" \
-P "KNOPPIX www.knoppix.net" \
-hide-rr-moved -cache-inodes -no-bak -pad \
-exclude-list $EXCLUDELIST \
. | nice -5 /usr/bin/create''compressed''fs - 65536 > $CLOOPTARGET

cd $MASTER
rm -f KNOPPIX/md5sums
find -type f -not -name md5sums -not -name boot.cat -exec md5sum {} \; >> KNOPPIX/md5sums
mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -b KNOPPIX/boot.img \
-c KNOPPIX/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o $TARGET/knoppix.iso $MASTER
----
El siguiente script montará la imagen de arranque de disquete y la imagen initrd para su modificación. La función umount construirá una nueva imagen initrd y la pondrá de vuelta en la imagen de arranque del disquete.

El script ha sido probado con Debian sid del 2004-01-13.

#!/bin/bash -x
# This script will loop-mount boot floppy and initrd image
# Copyright (C) 2004 by Marc Haber <mh+knoppix-remaster@zugschlus.de>
# License: GPL V2
unset CDPATH || true

# if not root, re-invoke self as root
<nowiki>if [[ "`id -u`" -ne 0 ]]; then</nowiki>
export LOCUSER="$USER"
export LOCHOME="$HOME"
<nowiki>if [[ "${SHELLOPTS/xtrace/}" != "$SHELLOPTS" ]]; then</nowiki>
sudo bash -x $0 $@
exit $?
else
sudo $0 $@
exit $?
fi
else
LOCUSER="${LOCUSER:-$USER}"
LOCHOME="${LOCHOME:-$HOME}"
fi
set -e

KNOPPIXDIR="KNOPPIX"
BOOTIMGFILE="$KNOPPIXDIR/boot.img"
BOOTIMGFS="vfat"
BOOTIMGDIR="boot.img"
INITRDGZ="$BOOTIMGDIR/miniroot.gz"
INITRDFILE="$KNOPPIXDIR/miniroot"
INITRDFS="ext2"
INITRDDIR="miniroot"

mountbootimage() {
if ! modprobe loop; then
echo >&2 "ERR: cannot load loop module"
exit 1
fi

<nowiki>if ! [[ -e "$BOOTIMGFILE" ]]; then</nowiki>
echo >&2 "ERR: no $BOOTIMGFILE found"
exit 1
fi

for nofile in $BOOTIMGDIR $INITRDGZ $INITRDFILE $INITRDDIR; do
<nowiki>if [[ -e "$nofile" ]]; then</nowiki>
echo >&2 "ERR: $nofile already exists"
exit 1
fi
done

mkdir -p $BOOTIMGDIR
mount -o loop,uid=$LOCUSER -t $BOOTIMGFS $BOOTIMGFILE $BOOTIMGDIR

< $INITRDGZ gunzip > $INITRDFILE
mkdir -p $INITRDDIR
mount -o loop -t $INITRDFS $INITRDFILE $INITRDDIR
}

umountbootimage() {
dd if=/dev/zero of=$INITRDDIR/nullfile || true
sync
rm $INITRDDIR/nullfile
umount $INITRDDIR
rmdir $INITRDDIR
< $INITRDFILE gzip --best > $INITRDGZ
rm -f $INITRDFILE

umount $BOOTIMGDIR
rmdir $BOOTIMGDIR

syslinux KNOPPIX/boot.img
}

case "`basename $0`" in
mountbootimage)
mountbootimage
;;
umountbootimage)
umountbootimage
;;
*)
echo >&2 "ERR: called with unknown name `basename $0`"
exit 1
;;
esac

USB Based FAQ

2005-01-11T10:09:16Z

Kyle: mornin

What you'll need :

* Knoppix or an already stripped down version with a kernel with [[cloop]]-support (i.e. [[Debian]]).

;:If you want to boot Knoppix from USB stick, you must also modify miniroot.gz to include usb-uhci.o, usb-ohci.o and usb-storage.o, otherwise /linuxrc can't mount the stick and find the cloop image.

* bootable [[USB]] [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/keydrive keydrive].
* Computer with [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS BIOS] capable of booting from USB keydrive (select USB-ZIP).
* [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/syslinux syslinux] or grub for booting.

You can see how in:

*http://rz-obrian.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/knoppix-usb/
*Another way from [[Gnoppix]]: [[Gnoppix BootMedia]].
*[http://transcendusa.com Bootable keydrive]
*http://am.xs4all.nl/phpwiki/index.php/UsbMorphix
*http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_Small_Footprint_Gentoo_on_USB

Full method using Knoppix 3.6:
*http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=64999#64999

----

Poor Man's USB Based Boot (Boot from USB flash memory stick and then continue boot with Knoppix image stored on a harddisk or a CD or an external USB harddisk ) How To:

What you will need:

* Computer with [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS BIOS] capable of booting from USB keydrive (select USB-HDD). (Unfortunately, some buggy BIOS just wont boot from my USB stick, such as all versions up to F9 for the Gigabyte GA-8IEXP motherboard).
* USB keydrive that can boot as USB-HDD device. Make sure you read the product specification, only some USB flash sticks support this feature.
* Linux with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRUB GRUB] grub boot loader already installed. I just use Knoppix.
* Read [[Win Partition]] Poor Man Installation for the more versatile boot mechanism we gonna utilize here.

Steps:
(Cautions: Unmount usb stick before you remove it from USB slot to avoid data loss. Backup the MBR of harddisk and USB stick, see the [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=64999#64999 link] above)

# Insert the USB stick, use cfdisk to create a partition with boot flag on this device ( cfdisk /dev/sda ). Create a file system on the newly created partition.(eg. mke2fs -m0 /dev/sda1)
# Mount the partition and install grub boot loader on this device ( mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usb && grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/usb /dev/sda ). Now the USB stick is already bootable, you will enter the interactive GRUB shell enviroment if you boot with it.
# Copy kernel and initrd to USB stick. To continue boot from an knoppix 3.6 ISO image stored on a NTFS/FAT harddisk partition, you will need the kernel and miniroot.gz files from [http://s94592085.onlinehome.us/grub/grubc.zip Ruymbeke's files].
# Create a file ''menu.lst'' under dir ''/mnt/usb/boot/grub'', I just copied the one from [http://s94592085.onlinehome.us/grub/grubc.zip Ruymbeke's files] pasted in [[Win Partition]] PMI. Specify the location of the newly copied kernel and minirt files in this file, note (hd0,0) is the first partition on USB stick when you boot from it, and the first harddisk likes to be hd1. To find out how GRUB map devices, press key '''c''' when you see GRUB boot menu at boot time, then type ''root ('' and press '''''TAB''''' key, see the GRUB texinfo for detail.

DONE.

I have created a 32M boot partition on a 128M USB flash stick, and use it to boot Knoppix ISO image stored in a FAT32 partition shared by Windows, or to boot ubuntu live CD (basemodule is Morphix) already copied to another partition. The purpose is to reduce the time to burn these Linux Live CDs and less CDs to carry with.

Knoppix Remastering Howto Spanish

2005-01-11T09:59:47Z

Kyle: /* Traducciones: */

== Traducciones: ==
* Versión en inglés: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto]]
* Versión en alemán: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Deutsch]]
----== Vea también : ==
* Si desea crear un kernel personalizado, compruebe [[Knoppix Custom Kernel Howto]]
* También hay una guía sobre el mismo asunto en O'Reilly: [http://linux.oreillynet.com/lpt/a/4323 Using and Customizing Knoppix]
----
=== Esta guía le mostrará cómo remasterizar KNOPPIX ===
(Notas : las órdenes deberían aparecer en una sóla línea, por favor maximice su ventana del navegador. Si tiene cualquier comentario o sugerencia, por favor envíe el formulario que hay al final.)

Puede que desee personalizar un Knoppix ya adaptado, de forma que no tenga que hacer tanto esfuerzo (tal como eliminar programas). Si es así, vea [[Knoppix Customizations]].

==== Requisitos del sistema: ====
*CD-ISO
** por lo menos 1 GB de memoria libre total FREE RAM+Swap (ej. 256M ram, y 750M swap DISPONIBLE) (a menos que use un programa de compresión diferente - busque compressloop en esta página)
** 3 GB libres en una partición de disco formateada con '''sistema de ficheros Linux (ext2/3, xfs, etc.)'''
*DVD-ISO
** 5 GB libres de RAM + swap (para un DVD de tamaño completo)
** 15 GB libres en una partición de disco formateada con '''sistema de ficheros Linux (ext2/3, xfs, etc.)'''

==== Instrucciones: ====

# Arranque desde el ''CD de Knoppix''
# Abra una consola de root:
** Menú: Kmenu->Knoppix->Consola de Root
** Nota: Todas las órdenes a continuación son ejecutadas desde la consola de root.
# Configure su conexión a Internet (lo necesitará más adelante). Si usa DHCP, ya debería estar configurada.
** Nota: Ejecute '''ifconfig''' para comprobarlo.
# Busque la partición en la que va a trabajar. En este ejemplo será '''hda1''' . La partición debería tenes al menos 3 GB libres
# Monte la partición:
** '''mount -rw /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1'''
** Nota: Asegúrese que es de lectura/escritura u obtendrá errores más adelante cuando cambie la raíz del sistema. Para comprobarlo, teclee '''mount'''
# Cree un directorio raíz donde trabajar:
** '''mkdir /mnt/hda1/knx'''
** Si coloca todos sus ficheros aquí, será fácil borrarlos todos después
# Si no tiene 1 GB de RAM ('''cat /proc/meminfo''' (physical+swap)) entonces necesitará un fichero de intercambio (swap):
** '''cd /mnt/hda1/knx ; dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1M count=750 ; mkswap swapfile ; swapon swapfile'''
# Cree 2 directorios, uno para su nuevo CD maestro, y otro para los fuentes, en una partición del disco. También, cree directorios adicionales en ellos llamados KNOPPIX:
** '''mkdir -p /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX'''
** '''mkdir -p /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX'''
# Ahora copie los ficheros de KNOPPIX a su directorio fuente:
'''* '''cp -Rp /KNOPPIX/''' /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX &'''
** Nota: Esto tardará unos minutos
# Copie la página HTML principal de inicio:
** '''cp /cdrom/index.html /mnt/hda1/knx/master/ '''
# Copie todos los ficheros necesarios excepto el fichero KNOPPIX, de unos 700 Mb.
** < 3.4: '''cd /cdrom/KNOPPIX;find . -size -10000k -type f -exec cp -p --parents {} /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/ \;'''
** 3.4: '''cd /cdrom;find . -size -10000k -type f -exec cp -p --parents {} /mnt/hda1/knx/master/ \;'''
# Ahora puede cambiar la raíz del sistema "chroot" al KNOPPIX copiado en su partición:
** '''chroot /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX'''

Si obtiene un montón de mensajes de error '''/dev/null permission denied''', debería hacer los siguiente. Esto puede pasar si guarda sus datos de configuración de Knoppix en la misma partición que está usando para la remasterización, Y arranca Knoppix con '''knoppix home=scan'''.

Compruebe el estado de montado si obtuvo el problema: '''mount /dev/hdaX on /mnt/hdaX type ext3 (rw,nosuid,nodev)''' (reemplace la X con su número de partición ) donde "nodev" significa que no puede acceder al sistema de ficheros montado y que no puede acceder a /dev/null. Y algunos scripts redirigen la salida a /dev/null... Para solventar esto debería montar la partición de destino antes de cambiar la raíz del sistema (chroot) de esta forma:
^d # control+d saldrá del entorno chroot
mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1
Entonces debería obtener:
mount /dev/hda1 on /mnt/hda1 type ext3 (rw)

Si persisten los avisos de /dev/null entonces, antes de hacer chroot, haga:
mount --bind /dev /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/dev
¡Tiene que desmontar umount /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/dev antes de construir la imagen del CD o el directorio /dev del CD se hará un lío!

entonces puede seguir y hacer el chroot.

* Ahora ha cambiado su direcotio raíz. "/" es en estos en realidad "/mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX"
* Para acceder a Internet necesitará montar proc '''mount -t proc /proc proc'''
* Ahora edite /etc/resolv.conf y añada su servidor de nombres o "salga" del chroot y copie su fichero resolve.conf en el directorio fuente correspondiente: '''cp /etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf'''
* Cambie también su grupo MS en smb.conf si desea soporte smbd (MSHOME es normalmente Home en XP y WORKGROUP en Windows 9x .
* Compruebe su conexión a Internet desde la nueva raíz : '''ping google.com'''
* Actualice su lista de paquetes con '''apt-get update'''
* Ahora puede realizar cambios.
* '''Aviso''': apt-get upgrade es una MALA IDEA. Muy probablemente, hará que su remasterización de KNOPPIX no sea arrancable o se corrompa en alguna forma. Un método más seguro consiste en actualizar sólo los paquetes necesarios
** Antes de poder añadir programas, probablemente tendrá que eliminar algunos paquetes. Para obtener una lista de los paquetes instalados, teclee esto:
'''*''' '''dpkg-query -l'''
** Si quiere tener esa lista ordenada por tamaño (de esta forma podrá eliminar los que más ocupan), teclee esto:
'''*''' '''dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Installed-Size} ${Package}\n' | sort -n'''
** Para eliminar un paquete (y todos los paquetes que dependen de él), teclee esto:
'''*''' '''apt-get remove <nombre-del-paquete-a-eliminar>'''
** Para comprobar paquetes huérfanos, teclee esto:
'''*''' '''deborphan'''
** Si desea ahorrar más espacio eliminando esos molestos huérfanos(¡Qué cruel!), teclee esto ('''Aviso''', no se le preguntará sí/no para eliminar estos paquetes. Cuando pulse Intro después de esta orden, los paquetes '''habrán desaparecido'''):
'''*''' '''deborphan | xargs apt-get -y remove'''
** Si no está seguro acerca del comando anterior y quiere ver qué pasará sin hacer ningún cambio, simplemente añada la opción '''-s''' a la orden apt-get de esta forma (puede hacer esto con todas las órdenes apt-get, y es un buen hábito usar esta opción antes de operaciones masivas como ésta):
'''*''' '''deborphan | xargs apt-get -s -y remove'''
** Ahora las buenas obras. Si desea añadir un paquete, teclee esto:
'''*''' '''apt-get install <nombre-del-paquete-a-instalar>'''
** ¿Que no sabe qué paquetes instalar? Teclee esto. Cuando aparezca la lista, puede examinarla (¡unas 13000 líneas!) o buscar cosas usando '''/<search-term>''':
'''*''' '''apt-cache search .* | sort | less'''
** Cuando haya terminado de eliminar y añadir paquetes, una buena forma de hacer limpieza es tecleando los siguiente:
'''*''' '''COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' | xargs dpkg -P'''
** También, como el sistema de paquetes Debian guarda en caché los paquetes descargados, querrá ejecutar lo siguiente para eliminar esos ficheros inútiles:
'''*''' '''apt-get clean'''
** las configuraciones de usuario están en /etc/skel
** consejo: no cloque ficheros en /root sólo estarán disponibles en tiempo de ejecucuón en /KNOPPIX/root
* Desmonte /proc - ¡muy importante! '''umount /proc'''
* Pulse '''CTRL+D''' para volve a la raíz original (no chrooted).

==== Notas : ====

Cuando compruebe programas gráficos basados en X, tendrá que hacer '''export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0'''

Cuando quiera autoejecutar algunos programas, puede crear un script y ponerlo en el directorio /etc/rc5.d/ (Esto sólo carga elementos antes de cargar las X)

hay material interesante en /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig :

* El fichero de fondo X background está en /cdrom/KNOPPIX/background.gif '''(en knoppix 3.4: background.jpg)'''
* Al igual que con floppyconfig, está cdromconfig que ejecutará cdrom/KNOPPIX/knoppix.sh

hay material interesante en /etc/init.d/xsession :
* TAMBIÉN establece el fondo /usr/local/lib/knoppix.gif

Ahora la creación del fichero ISO :

* ya hemos terminado de personalizarlo y ¡queremos quemar!
* primero haga algo de limpieza : ''' elimine los ficheros .bash_history, ficheros temporales etc '''
* '''rm -rf /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/.rr_moved'''
* Ahora crearemos el fichero enorme que es un sistema de ficheros ISO 9660 cloop comprimido : '''mkisofs -R -U -V "KNOPPIX.net filesystem" -publisher "KNOPPIX www.knoppix-es.org" -hide-rr-moved -cache-inodes -no-bak -pad /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX | nice -5 /usr/bin/create_compressed_fs - 65536 > /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX'''

el "www.knoppix-es.org" y "Knoppix.net filesystem" pueden ser modificados a lo que quiera que nombre el fichero. Obtendrá un error diciendo que no cumple los estándars ISO, puede ignorarlo.

En Knoppix 3.4 el scrip create_compressed_fs ha sido actualizado así que asegúrese de usarlo para obtener los mejores resultados.
Tiene una nueva opción '''-b''' (best), que activa la mejor compresión usando diferentes esquemas de compresión e intenta optimizarlo de esa forma, pero sea cautao, porque esa opción es ralentiza (10 veces más lento).

* si todo fue bien, para crear la imagen del CD-ROM final :
* '''cd /mnt/hda1/knx/master'''
* '''rm -f KNOPPIX/md5sums; find -type f -not -name md5sums -not -name boot.cat -not -name isolinux.bin -exec md5sum {} \; >> KNOPPIX/md5sums''' (esto actualizará las sumas de verificación md5 de los ficheros incluidos, se usa para comprobar la integridad)
* para Knoppix <= 3.3: '''mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -b KNOPPIX/boot.img -c KNOPPIX/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso /mnt/hda1/knx/master''' (la ISO se guardará en /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso)
* Para Knoppix >= 3.4 u otras distribuciones basadas en isolinux haga:
'''mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso /mnt/hda1/knx/master''' (la ISO se guardará en /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso)
* ¡y eso es todo!

=== Trucos/consejos ===
Si está buscando paquetes grandes instalados teclee
: dpkg-awk "Status: .* installed$" -- Package Installed-Size | \
: awk '{print $2}' | egrep -v '^$' | xargs -n2 echo | \
: perl -pe 's/(\S+)\s(\S+)/$2 $1/' | sort -rg
listará los paquetes en orden de tamaño descendente.
Por lo menos diez veces más rápido es el comando

: dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Installed-Size} ${Package}\n' | sort -n

y no necesita dpkg-awk o awk o perl.

Si tiene algún problema con el comando de ordenación anterior, pruebe a usar KPackage, expanda todas las ramas y ordene por la columan de tamaño para encontrar los paquetes mayores.

Compruebe la salida del programa "deborphan", listará los paquetes huérfanos que pueden ser eliminados, estos paquetes eran usados por otros paquetes que ahora han sido borrados.

Yo he obtenido buenos resultados remasterizando trabajando desde el cd como root y desde fluxbox. Sólo teclee "knoppix 2" en el prompt de arranque y arrancará en una consola de texto como root, donde puede teclear "startx /usr/bin/fluxbox". Me gusta usar la consola unicode xterm.

Mientras trabajo desde chroot creando la remasterización me gusta usar "apt-get remove --purge pkg-name" para eliminar paquetes porque antes de hacer nada se detendrá y mostrará los detalles de lo que va a ajustar para eliminar y le permitirá decir "sí o no".

Si no usa la instrucción "apt-get" y tiene que limpiar y ùrgar mucho, aquí tiene la forma de hacerlo: "COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' >topurge". Lo que creará una lista de los paquetes eliminados a purgar y entonces puede hacer "dpkg -P `cat topurge `" y ya está. "COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' | xargs dpkg -P" es la versión en una sola línea de esto.
Use también "deborphan >orphaned" y luego "dpkg -P `cat orphaned `". "deborphan | xargs dpkg -P " es una versión en una sola línea para lo miso.

Eso es todo. Esta es una versión actualizada de mi howto pevio. No es para novatos en Linux, necesitará buscarse la vida para hacerlo trabajar. Actualizaré esto con correcciones/mejoras/etc a medida que las tenga.

Gracias a aay, charan, Tech2k, y #knoppix por algunas correcciones, trucos e ideas. Es libre de editar o añadir a este howto.
Nota cerca de swap: 
No necesita realmente 1G de swap ya que hay dos nuevas herramientaspara crear sistemas de ficehros comprimidos. Aquí hay algunis candidatos para crear sistemas de ficheros ''comprimidos'':
* Valentijn's rewrite [http://projects.openoffice.nl/downloads/compressloop/]
* Quozl's port of compressloop for Knoppix 3.4 [http://quozl.linux.org.au/compressloop-1.9-64bit.c]
* Quozl's distributed compressloop (use more than one processor to speed things up) [http://quozl.linux.org.au/knoppix/compressloop/] or [http://quozl.netrek.org/knoppix/compressloop/]
* Justin's patch [http://s.bouncybouncy.net/~justin/code/] (link broken) I also just wrote a distributed cloop compressor(or for smp) It's in that same directory.

==== Truco, compruebe la imagen del cd sin grabarla en un cd ====

Si tiene una partición de sobra con al menos 700MB de espacio libre formateada con ext2, ext3 o Vfat, puede usarla para comprobaciones arrancando desde un disquete. Un disquete de arranque buscará una partición con el directorio /KNOPPIX/ en la raíz, y la imagen comprimida /KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX. En lugar de usar el subdirectorio /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/ como se describió anteriormente, se debería llamar /mnt/hda2/KNOPPIX/ . Entonces el index.html estaría en /mnt/hda2/index.html y la imagen comprimida estaría en /mnt/hda2/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX . Ahora puede arrancar desde un disquete y usar /mnt/hda2 como imagen. Para más infomración lea [[Hd BasedHowTo]].

Si no tiene una partición extra o no quiere hacerlo, puede usar Qemu ( lea [http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/] ) con la imagen ISO de esta forma:
'''qemu -m 128 -cdrom /temp/knoppix-custom.iso -boot d -user-net'''
Ni siquiera necesita construir imagen de disco antes, simplemente instale Qemu y pruebe esto. ¡Asombroso!

==== Arranque de imágenes de Knoppix con GRUB ====
* Primero copie /boot del cd de Knoppix a su partición de arranque (o incluso a su partición dos). Yo nombré el mío boot.knoppix
''' Copie el directorio /KNOPPIX a su '''directorio raíz* de cualquir disco duro. Puede colocarlo en cualquier otra partición distinta a la de arranque. (puede ser ext2/3, reiserfs o vfat)
* Coloque los siguiente en el fichero /boot/grub/menu.lst:
title KNOPPIX
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot.knoppix/vmlinuz 2 fromhd=/dev/hda4 lang=us
initrd /boot.knoppix/miniroot.gz
* tenga en cuenta que el parámetro fromhd: es el lugar donde está el directorio /KNOPPIX
* reinicie y disfrute.

Si mi howto (cómo) es demasiado confuso, o le gustaría una segunda opinión, mire el bonito howto de charan : http://gnubox.dyndns.org:8080/~sunil/knoppix.php .
Otro Howto en http://www.stirnimann.com/mystuff/doc/knoppix.txt

Hay un asistente, que utiliza todos los pasos de desempaquetado, compresión y grabación de CD mencionados aquí. También muestra una consola donde puede actualizar el sistema KNOPPIX descomprimido usando herramientas de estándar de instalación de software Debian. Se llama mmkcdrom y part del paquete de scripts: [http://rcswww.urz.tu-dresden.de/~holzhey/plugscript]

Otro HOWTO más, para los freaks de la consola, en http://quozl.linux.org.au/knoppix/

Asegúrese de que echa un vistazo a [http://knoppix.net/forum/viewforum.php?f=2 Knoppix Customization Forum] para ideas y ayuda con la remasterización.
----
Este es el esquema de directorios recomendado para remasterizar KNOPPIX:
. (invoque ../remaster desde aquí)
|-- master (invoke ../../[[u]]mountbootimage from here)
| |-- KNOPPIX
| | |-- KNOPPIX (compressed image)
| | |-- boot.img (boot floppy image)
| | `-- (other files snipped)
| `-- index.html
`-- source
`-- KNOPPIX (se puede hacer chroot sobre este directorio)
|-- bin
|-- boot
|-- cdrom
|-- dev
|-- etc
|-- floppy
|-- home
|-- initrd
|-- lib
|-- mnt
|-- none
|-- opt
|-- proc
|-- root
|-- sbin
|-- tmp -> /var/tmp
|-- usr
|-- var
`-- vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-2.4.22-xfs
----
el siguiente script "remaster" hará el proceso de remasterización por usted. Úselo como root, u obtendrá derechos de acceso incorrectos en la imagen.

El script ha sido probado con Debian sid del 2004-04-02.

#!/bin/bash -x
# This script builds a new KNOPPIX ISO image.
# Copyright (C) 2004 by Marc Haber <mh+knoppix-remaster@zugschlus.de>
# License: GPL V2

ROOT="$PWD"
SOURCE="$ROOT/source/KNOPPIX"
MASTER="$ROOT/master"
CLOOPTARGET="$ROOT/master/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX"
TARGET="$ROOT"
EXCLUDELIST="$ROOT/source/excludelist"

rm -rf $SOURCE/.rr_moved

cd $SOURCE
mkisofs -R -U -V "KNOPPIX.net filesystem" \
-P "KNOPPIX www.knoppix.net" \
-hide-rr-moved -cache-inodes -no-bak -pad \
-exclude-list $EXCLUDELIST \
. | nice -5 /usr/bin/create''compressed''fs - 65536 > $CLOOPTARGET

cd $MASTER
rm -f KNOPPIX/md5sums
find -type f -not -name md5sums -not -name boot.cat -exec md5sum {} \; >> KNOPPIX/md5sums
mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -b KNOPPIX/boot.img \
-c KNOPPIX/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o $TARGET/knoppix.iso $MASTER
----
El siguiente script montará la imagen de arranque de disquete y la imagen initrd para su modificación. La función umount construirá una nueva imagen initrd y la pondrá de vuelta en la imagen de arranque del disquete.

El script ha sido probado con Debian sid del 2004-01-13.

#!/bin/bash -x
# This script will loop-mount boot floppy and initrd image
# Copyright (C) 2004 by Marc Haber <mh+knoppix-remaster@zugschlus.de>
# License: GPL V2
unset CDPATH || true

# if not root, re-invoke self as root
if [[ "`id -u`" -ne 0 ]]; then
export LOCUSER="$USER"
export LOCHOME="$HOME"
if [[ "${SHELLOPTS/xtrace/}" != "$SHELLOPTS" ]]; then
sudo bash -x $0 $@
exit $?
else
sudo $0 $@
exit $?
fi
else
LOCUSER="${LOCUSER:-$USER}"
LOCHOME="${LOCHOME:-$HOME}"
fi
set -e

KNOPPIXDIR="KNOPPIX"
BOOTIMGFILE="$KNOPPIXDIR/boot.img"
BOOTIMGFS="vfat"
BOOTIMGDIR="boot.img"
INITRDGZ="$BOOTIMGDIR/miniroot.gz"
INITRDFILE="$KNOPPIXDIR/miniroot"
INITRDFS="ext2"
INITRDDIR="miniroot"

mountbootimage() {
if ! modprobe loop; then
echo >&2 "ERR: cannot load loop module"
exit 1
fi

if ! [[ -e "$BOOTIMGFILE" ]]; then
echo >&2 "ERR: no $BOOTIMGFILE found"
exit 1
fi

for nofile in $BOOTIMGDIR $INITRDGZ $INITRDFILE $INITRDDIR; do
if [[ -e "$nofile" ]]; then
echo >&2 "ERR: $nofile already exists"
exit 1
fi
done

mkdir -p $BOOTIMGDIR
mount -o loop,uid=$LOCUSER -t $BOOTIMGFS $BOOTIMGFILE $BOOTIMGDIR

< $INITRDGZ gunzip > $INITRDFILE
mkdir -p $INITRDDIR
mount -o loop -t $INITRDFS $INITRDFILE $INITRDDIR
}

umountbootimage() {
dd if=/dev/zero of=$INITRDDIR/nullfile || true
sync
rm $INITRDDIR/nullfile
umount $INITRDDIR
rmdir $INITRDDIR
< $INITRDFILE gzip --best > $INITRDGZ
rm -f $INITRDFILE

umount $BOOTIMGDIR
rmdir $BOOTIMGDIR

syslinux KNOPPIX/boot.img
}

case "`basename $0`" in
mountbootimage)
mountbootimage
;;
umountbootimage)
umountbootimage
;;
*)
echo >&2 "ERR: called with unknown name `basename $0`"
exit 1
;;
esac

Mailing List Deutsch

2005-01-04T21:29:37Z

Kyle:

Englische Version: [[Mailing List]]
----
Die Debian-Knoppix Mailingliste ist der Ort wo die Diskussionen rund um die Entwicklung von Knoppix stattfinden.
Die Diskussionen finden in Deutsch und Englisch statt.

Die Homepage der Mailingliste findet man unter:
http://mailman.linuxtag.org/mailman/listinfo/debian-knoppix

und die Archive sind hier:
http://mailman.linuxtag.org/pipermail/debian-knoppix/

Downloading FAQ

2005-01-04T21:20:11Z

Kyle:

*German Version: [[Faq DownloadingDeutsch]]
*Spanish:[[Faq Descarga]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix Faq]]
----
:Tip: Use CD-RWs instead of CD-Rs every time you can - save your budget and our environment!

==Q: How do I get the CD/current beta?==

A: Several possibilities:
* Download from one of the mirrors listed at [http://www.knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Download Page] . Try to choose the mirror nearest you for best results.
* Download with [[Bittorrent]] from [http://torrent.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/ The Unix-AG BitTorrent Tracker]
* If a 700Mb download is too much for your bandwidth capabilities, you can order the newest CD from a retailer on [http://knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Order Page]

==Q: Can you download Knoppix in parts if you have a low bandwith (28.8 Kbps) such a pausing the download and continue it another day?==

A: Yes, [[Bittorrent]] supports resume, and so does many ftp clients such as wget ( use wget -c ) or ncftp.
You can use other [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/download download managers] too.

==Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?==

A: The files with the .md5 extension contain checksums for the actual CD [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/iso ISO images]. A checksum is a "matching number" for checking files. One can verify that the file matches its original down to the smallest detail. When you download both the ISO image for the CD and its corresponding .md5 file, you can verify that your download was complete and that the contents are unchanged by typing "md5sum -c filename.md5" under Linux/Unix.

Further information about MD5 and programs for various OS's can be found at [http://www.linuxiso.org/viewdoc.php/verifyiso.html LinuxISO.org] and [http://www.fourmilab.ch/md5/ The MD5 Protocol Documentation]. You can download a Windows™ version at [http://www.toast442.org/md5gui.shtml this site].

==Q: What are the ASC files that accompany the CD ISO images and MD5 files?==

A: The files with the .asc extension are PGP-signed messages that contain the md5sum used for verifying the ISO CD images. With this you can be sure the ISO image and accompanying MD5 file are genuine, because the .asc file containing the MD5 is signed with Klaus Knopper's PGP key. This could only be compromised if someone got hold of the secret key used to sign the message. To verify the file, you need to import PGP key ID 0xBA8F038D from your favorite keyserver, then in Linux you can type "gpg --verify KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc". Then you must check that the MD5 checksum in the .asc file is the same that the MD5 checksum in the .md5 file.

If you want to verify the signed md5 file and the ISO file in one step, you can type:
gpg --decrypt KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc | md5sum -c -

==Q: I have downloaded the ISO file, now what ?==

A: Several possibilities again:

*Linux: you can use the command:
cdrecord -v speed=4 dev=0,3,0 filename
:where dev=0,3,0 is your cdwriter

:('''Attention''', use "cdrecord -scanbus" before cdrecord to be sure that dev=0,3,0 is you cd-writer. If you own SCSI hds, you could lose all data of one hd when you use cdrecord with a wrong dev=(controler,id,partiton) !)

*Windows quick answer: You will need one 700M blank cd. Use a program such as Nero burning rom. You can get a [http://www.nero.com/en/index.html free trial of Nero from their site]. To burn with this program, skip the wizard and choose File>Burn Image. Select KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso file,>Burn. (Notice, Nero 6 has a bug preventing it from burning large images, for a patch see: [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4974#23520 this forum discussion])

*Windows long answer: Of course the answer depends on the individual program you are using to burn CDs, but all common CD-Writing programs should support the option of burning bootable ISO-Images, you probably just have to find the right menu option. At the address [http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/docs/ for Knoppix documentation] and on some of the KNOPPIX-Mirrors in a directory with the same name, you may find some examples written as short step-by-step documentations from users who successfully completed the procedure. KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso -files are ISO-Images, which uses "El Torito"-Specification ([http://www.phoenix.com/resources/specs-cdrom.pdf documented here]).

In the ISO-Image there is not only user-data, but also information about the file structure of the CD itself. If you want to see the file structure, have a look at [http://www.isobuster.com/ Isobuster].

To get the image-file on CD use RAW-Mode of your burning-software (have a look at Bild 1 WinOnCD German Edition).

*Select the KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso as filename of the image.
*Select 2048 Bytes/Sector as the correct data format (see Bild 2 WinOnCD German Edition).

Burn your CD as a '''"Single Session CD" or select finalize'''.
The Mode '''"Disk at once"''' or '''"Track at once"''' should be irrelevant for a
data-CD (have a look at the Online-Help of your burning software).
If the CD boots, but they are read errors, try '''"Disk at once"'''.

==== Q: My computer won't boot from CD. What should I do? ====

A: Look in your computer's [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS BIOS] (on many computers you need to push the "delete" or F1 key during the POST) to see whether it is set to boot from CD. If this is already set, your computer may not be able to read the CD (some notebooks have problems with black-coated CD's, for example). Some computers will only use the new BIOS settings after a hard reset.

A: If your computer doesn't support booting from CD, you can create a bootfloppy using the [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/rawrite "rawrite"] or better yet the mkfloppy.bat file program in the "KNOPPIX" directory on the CD.

A: Get the Smart Boot Manager, and install to floppy, this should let you boot from any bootable CD. http://btmgr.sourceforge.net/ . If you want to install from windows, download the sbminst.exe and run it from the Command Prompt like :
'''sbminst.exe -d 0''' to install to floppy drive.

==== Q: I downloaded KNOPPIX via WWW/FTP or got a downloaded version from a friend. My PC will boot off of it, but the bootup stalls after a bit or I only see the background picture, and nothing else happens. What's going on? ====

A: You possibly only got a partial download, or the download was (silently) interrupted. If this is the case the ISO image is defective, and the data in the missing parts cannot be accessed (sometimes one can even "hear" this because of the sound the CD-ROM drive makes due to repeated read attempts). This is fatal because the directory tree is written at the beginning of the CD, so it is usually complete. Thus, you can correctly read the directory tree of the CD. However, reading the actual contents of the missing parts is impossible (in other words, accessing the contents fails). Some possible solutions can be found in the section "What are MD5 files?" and "How can I get the CD?".

==== Q: After I've used KNOPPIX, my "other" OS suddenly shows a blue screen with the message "File kernel.exe not found or defective" and "reinstall..." shortly after boot. ====

A: Simply take the KNOPPIX CD out of the CD-Rom drive and restart the computer.

==== Q: I see the partitions from my hard disk on the desktop and can access their contents when I click on them, but if I try to write to them I always get the error message "access denied". How can I write to my existing partitions? ====

A: The general philosophy of KNOPPIX is to allow as little write access as possible. For this reason, existing partitions are either not mounted or only mounted "read only". If you click with your right mouse button on an icon, the "read-only" attribute under item "device" can be un-checked. After this, the partition can be mounted "read-write" (for already mounted partitions, first click on "unmount"!). CAUTION: writing to NTFS partitions can lead to data loss, since Linux does not really support this file system! However, DOS and FAT32 file systems are safe for write access. Tip: In the shell the command "mount -o remount,rw /mnt/" can allow already-mounted file systems to be "made writeable".

==== Q: I have a fast access to a Knoppix-mirror. How can I burn with GNU/Linux this ISO file directly to CD-RW? ====

: - mkfifo KNOPPIX.fifo # mkfifo create a fifo file
: - screen ftp mirror ....# screen creates multiple shells in one terminal (handy!) ftp connect to your mirror...
: get KNOPPIX-3.10-EN.iso KNOPPIX.fifo #command to copy inside your ftp-session
: - C-a C-c # screen will make a new shell
: - cdrecord dev=(your burner) speed=4 KNOPPIX.fifo # ftp starts to get data when cdrecord starts to read from fifo
: wait; exit; rm KNOPPIX.fifo; exit
(Attention, use "cdrecord -scanbus" before cdrecord to find the correct device of your cd-writer. If you own SCSI hds, you could lose all data of one hd when you use cdrecord with a wrong dev=(controller,id,partiton) !)

=== OR ===
''This works well and is much simpler:''
wget -O - URL''OF''IMAGE | cdrecord -v speed=4 -eject -

==== Q: Must I burn Knoppix on CD-RW to be able to test it? ====
A: When you run another GNU/Linux system, you can copy the content of the Iso-file to your hd and boot it directly from hd. See [[Hd Based HowTo]].

==== Q: How do I burn an image on to a CD using B's Recorder Gold from BHA? ====
A: Close the Wizard dialog if it pops up when you start the application. Drag the KNOPPIX-'''*'''.iso file to the lower RIGHT region of the app window. It is shaded in yellow and has the title "Track Type"(The icon with a musical note and a folder will be seen in the middle panel). Right click the left region where it says ")1 DATA -mode1 and from the popup menu choose properties. Choose "ISO compatible" and "create from standard bootable disk image" in the two selection boxes. Then press the record button (Upper left), pick your options, and Voila - one KNOPPIX bootable CD is yours.

==== Q:Why do 750 MB fit onto an audio CD but only 650 MB onto a data CD? ====

A: A sector of a CD consists of 2352 bytes. With an audio CD, these are used completely for audio information. With data CDs, an additional fault correction is inserted, and the usable capacity shrinks to 2048 bytes. A 74 minute CD consists of 74x60x75 = 333000 sectors. With 2048 bytes per sector, this gives a usable capacity of around 650.1 MB, with 2352 bytes per sector it gives around 746.6 MB. This therefore also produces a difference in data rates for reading/writing: 172 kbps with audio and 150 kbps for data.

==== Q: Why does my writer/software not accept to write to my 80 minute CD-R? ====

A:Some older writers or older versions of writer software cannot recognise the new playing lengths, because the groove is laid more narrowly. Check with your hardware and software manufacturer to see if these newer media are supported. In most cases, updating the writer software's current firmware (check out the web site of the software manufacturer) will solve these problems.

*http://www.cdmediaworld.com/hardware/cdrom/cd_firmwares.shtml

==== Q: What to do if I haven´t got enough space in the CD to burn Knoppix on it?- ====
A: You can overburn it (http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD ).

Downloading FAQ

2005-01-04T21:19:47Z

Kyle: wiki should be clean of []

Downloading FAQ

2005-01-04T21:19:23Z

Kyle: /* Q: Why does my writer/software not accept to write to my 80 minute CD-R? */

Downloading FAQ

2005-01-04T21:16:55Z

Kyle: /* Q: My computer won't boot from CD. What should I do? */

*German Version: [[Faq DownloadingDeutsch]]
*Spanish:[[Faq Descarga]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix Faq]]
----
:Tip: Use CD-RWs instead of CD-Rs every time you can - save your budget and our environment!

==Q: How do I get the CD/current beta?==

A: Several possibilities:
* Download from one of the mirrors listed at [http://www.knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Download Page] . Try to choose the mirror nearest you for best results.
* Download with [[Bittorrent]] from [http://torrent.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/ The Unix-AG BitTorrent Tracker]
* If a 700Mb download is too much for your bandwidth capabilities, you can order the newest CD from a retailer on [http://knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Order Page]

==Q: Can you download Knoppix in parts if you have a low bandwith (28.8 Kbps) such a pausing the download and continue it another day?==

A: Yes, [[Bittorrent]] supports resume, and so does many ftp clients such as wget ( use wget -c ) or ncftp.
You can use other [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/download download managers] too.

==Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?==

A: The files with the .md5 extension contain checksums for the actual CD [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/iso ISO images]. A checksum is a "matching number" for checking files. One can verify that the file matches its original down to the smallest detail. When you download both the ISO image for the CD and its corresponding .md5 file, you can verify that your download was complete and that the contents are unchanged by typing "md5sum -c filename.md5" under Linux/Unix.

Further information about MD5 and programs for various OS's can be found at [http://www.linuxiso.org/viewdoc.php/verifyiso.html LinuxISO.org] and [http://www.fourmilab.ch/md5/ The MD5 Protocol Documentation]. You can download a Windows™ version at [http://www.toast442.org/md5gui.shtml this site].

==Q: What are the ASC files that accompany the CD ISO images and MD5 files?==

A: The files with the .asc extension are PGP-signed messages that contain the md5sum used for verifying the ISO CD images. With this you can be sure the ISO image and accompanying MD5 file are genuine, because the .asc file containing the MD5 is signed with Klaus Knopper's PGP key. This could only be compromised if someone got hold of the secret key used to sign the message. To verify the file, you need to import PGP key ID 0xBA8F038D from your favorite keyserver, then in Linux you can type "gpg --verify KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc". Then you must check that the MD5 checksum in the .asc file is the same that the MD5 checksum in the .md5 file.

If you want to verify the signed md5 file and the ISO file in one step, you can type:
gpg --decrypt KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc | md5sum -c -

==Q: I have downloaded the ISO file, now what ?==

A: Several possibilities again:

*Linux: you can use the command:
cdrecord -v speed=4 dev=0,3,0 filename
:where dev=0,3,0 is your cdwriter

:('''Attention''', use "cdrecord -scanbus" before cdrecord to be sure that dev=0,3,0 is you cd-writer. If you own SCSI hds, you could lose all data of one hd when you use cdrecord with a wrong dev=(controler,id,partiton) !)

*Windows quick answer: You will need one 700M blank cd. Use a program such as Nero burning rom. You can get a [http://www.nero.com/en/index.html free trial of Nero from their site]. To burn with this program, skip the wizard and choose File>Burn Image. Select KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso file,>Burn. (Notice, Nero 6 has a bug preventing it from burning large images, for a patch see: [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4974#23520 this forum discussion])

*Windows long answer: Of course the answer depends on the individual program you are using to burn CDs, but all common CD-Writing programs should support the option of burning bootable ISO-Images, you probably just have to find the right menu option. At the address [http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/docs/ for Knoppix documentation] and on some of the KNOPPIX-Mirrors in a directory with the same name, you may find some examples written as short step-by-step documentations from users who successfully completed the procedure. KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso -files are ISO-Images, which uses "El Torito"-Specification ([http://www.phoenix.com/resources/specs-cdrom.pdf documented here]).

In the ISO-Image there is not only user-data, but also information about the file structure of the CD itself. If you want to see the file structure, have a look at [http://www.isobuster.com/ Isobuster].

To get the image-file on CD use RAW-Mode of your burning-software (have a look at Bild 1 WinOnCD German Edition).

*Select the KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso as filename of the image.
*Select 2048 Bytes/Sector as the correct data format (see Bild 2 WinOnCD German Edition).

Burn your CD as a '''"Single Session CD" or select finalize'''.
The Mode '''"Disk at once"''' or '''"Track at once"''' should be irrelevant for a
data-CD (have a look at the Online-Help of your burning software).
If the CD boots, but they are read errors, try '''"Disk at once"'''.

==== Q: My computer won't boot from CD. What should I do? ====

A: Look in your computer's [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS BIOS] (on many computers you need to push the "delete" or F1 key during the POST) to see whether it is set to boot from CD. If this is already set, your computer may not be able to read the CD (some notebooks have problems with black-coated CD's, for example). Some computers will only use the new BIOS settings after a hard reset.

A: If your computer doesn't support booting from CD, you can create a bootfloppy using the [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/rawrite "rawrite"] or better yet the mkfloppy.bat file program in the "KNOPPIX" directory on the CD.

A: Get the Smart Boot Manager, and install to floppy, this should let you boot from any bootable CD. http://btmgr.sourceforge.net/ . If you want to install from windows, download the sbminst.exe and run it from the Command Prompt like :
'''sbminst.exe -d 0''' to install to floppy drive.

==== Q: I downloaded KNOPPIX via WWW/FTP or got a downloaded version from a friend. My PC will boot off of it, but the bootup stalls after a bit or I only see the background picture, and nothing else happens. What's going on? ====

A: You possibly only got a partial download, or the download was (silently) interrupted. If this is the case the ISO image is defective, and the data in the missing parts cannot be accessed (sometimes one can even "hear" this because of the sound the CD-ROM drive makes due to repeated read attempts). This is fatal because the directory tree is written at the beginning of the CD, so it is usually complete. Thus, you can correctly read the directory tree of the CD. However, reading the actual contents of the missing parts is impossible (in other words, accessing the contents fails). Some possible solutions can be found in the section "What are MD5 files?" and "How can I get the CD?".

==== Q: After I've used KNOPPIX, my "other" OS suddenly shows a blue screen with the message "File kernel.exe not found or defective" and "reinstall..." shortly after boot. ====

A: Simply take the KNOPPIX CD out of the CD-Rom drive and restart the computer.

==== Q: I see the partitions from my hard disk on the desktop and can access their contents when I click on them, but if I try to write to them I always get the error message "access denied". How can I write to my existing partitions? ====

A: The general philosophy of KNOPPIX is to allow as little write access as possible. For this reason, existing partitions are either not mounted or only mounted "read only". If you click with your right mouse button on an icon, the "read-only" attribute under item "device" can be un-checked. After this, the partition can be mounted "read-write" (for already mounted partitions, first click on "unmount"!). CAUTION: writing to NTFS partitions can lead to data loss, since Linux does not really support this file system! However, DOS and FAT32 file systems are safe for write access. Tip: In the shell the command "mount -o remount,rw /mnt/" can allow already-mounted file systems to be "made writeable".

==== Q: I have a fast access to a Knoppix-mirror. How can I burn with GNU/Linux this ISO file directly to CD-RW? ====

: - mkfifo KNOPPIX.fifo # mkfifo create a fifo file
: - screen ftp mirror ....# screen creates multiple shells in one terminal (handy!) ftp connect to your mirror...
: get KNOPPIX-3.10-EN.iso KNOPPIX.fifo #command to copy inside your ftp-session
: - C-a C-c # screen will make a new shell
: - cdrecord dev=(your burner) speed=4 KNOPPIX.fifo # ftp starts to get data when cdrecord starts to read from fifo
: wait; exit; rm KNOPPIX.fifo; exit
(Attention, use "cdrecord -scanbus" before cdrecord to find the correct device of your cd-writer. If you own SCSI hds, you could lose all data of one hd when you use cdrecord with a wrong dev=(controller,id,partiton) !)

=== OR ===
''This works well and is much simpler:''
wget -O - URL''OF''IMAGE | cdrecord -v speed=4 -eject -

==== Q: Must I burn Knoppix on CD-RW to be able to test it? ====
A: When you run another GNU/Linux system, you can copy the content of the Iso-file to your hd and boot it directly from hd. See [[Hd Based HowTo]].

==== Q: How do I burn an image on to a CD using B's Recorder Gold from BHA? ====
A: Close the Wizard dialog if it pops up when you start the application. Drag the KNOPPIX-'''*'''.iso file to the lower RIGHT region of the app window. It is shaded in yellow and has the title "Track Type"(The icon with a musical note and a folder will be seen in the middle panel). Right click the left region where it says ")1 DATA -mode1 and from the popup menu choose properties. Choose "ISO compatible" and "create from standard bootable disk image" in the two selection boxes. Then press the record button (Upper left), pick your options, and Voila - one KNOPPIX bootable CD is yours.

==== Q:Why do 750 MB fit onto an audio CD but only 650 MB onto a data CD? ====

A: A sector of a CD consists of 2352 bytes. With an audio CD, these are used completely for audio information. With data CDs, an additional fault correction is inserted, and the usable capacity shrinks to 2048 bytes. A 74 minute CD consists of 74x60x75 = 333000 sectors. With 2048 bytes per sector, this gives a usable capacity of around 650.1 MB, with 2352 bytes per sector it gives around 746.6 MB. This therefore also produces a difference in data rates for reading/writing: 172 kbps with audio and 150 kbps for data.

==== Q: Why does my writer/software not accept to write to my 80 minute CD-R? ====

A:Some older writers or older versions of writer software cannot recognise the new playing lengths, because the groove is laid more narrowly. Check with your hardware and software manufacturer to see if these newer media are supported. In most cases, updating the writer software's current firmware (check out the web site of the software manufacturer) will solve these problems.

*[http://www.cdmediaworld.com/hardware/cdrom/cd_firmwares.shtml]

==== Q: What to do if I haven´t got enough space in the CD to burn Knoppix on it?- ====
A: You can overburn it ([http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD).]

Downloading FAQ

2005-01-04T21:15:29Z

Kyle: /* Q: Must I burn Knoppix on CD-RW to be able to test it? */

*German Version: [[Faq DownloadingDeutsch]]
*Spanish:[[Faq Descarga]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix Faq]]
----
:Tip: Use CD-RWs instead of CD-Rs every time you can - save your budget and our environment!

==Q: How do I get the CD/current beta?==

A: Several possibilities:
* Download from one of the mirrors listed at [http://www.knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Download Page] . Try to choose the mirror nearest you for best results.
* Download with [[Bittorrent]] from [http://torrent.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/ The Unix-AG BitTorrent Tracker]
* If a 700Mb download is too much for your bandwidth capabilities, you can order the newest CD from a retailer on [http://knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Order Page]

==Q: Can you download Knoppix in parts if you have a low bandwith (28.8 Kbps) such a pausing the download and continue it another day?==

A: Yes, [[Bittorrent]] supports resume, and so does many ftp clients such as wget ( use wget -c ) or ncftp.
You can use other [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/download download managers] too.

==Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?==

A: The files with the .md5 extension contain checksums for the actual CD [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/iso ISO images]. A checksum is a "matching number" for checking files. One can verify that the file matches its original down to the smallest detail. When you download both the ISO image for the CD and its corresponding .md5 file, you can verify that your download was complete and that the contents are unchanged by typing "md5sum -c filename.md5" under Linux/Unix.

Further information about MD5 and programs for various OS's can be found at [http://www.linuxiso.org/viewdoc.php/verifyiso.html LinuxISO.org] and [http://www.fourmilab.ch/md5/ The MD5 Protocol Documentation]. You can download a Windows™ version at [http://www.toast442.org/md5gui.shtml this site].

==Q: What are the ASC files that accompany the CD ISO images and MD5 files?==

A: The files with the .asc extension are PGP-signed messages that contain the md5sum used for verifying the ISO CD images. With this you can be sure the ISO image and accompanying MD5 file are genuine, because the .asc file containing the MD5 is signed with Klaus Knopper's PGP key. This could only be compromised if someone got hold of the secret key used to sign the message. To verify the file, you need to import PGP key ID 0xBA8F038D from your favorite keyserver, then in Linux you can type "gpg --verify KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc". Then you must check that the MD5 checksum in the .asc file is the same that the MD5 checksum in the .md5 file.

If you want to verify the signed md5 file and the ISO file in one step, you can type:
gpg --decrypt KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc | md5sum -c -

==Q: I have downloaded the ISO file, now what ?==

A: Several possibilities again:

*Linux: you can use the command:
cdrecord -v speed=4 dev=0,3,0 filename
:where dev=0,3,0 is your cdwriter

:('''Attention''', use "cdrecord -scanbus" before cdrecord to be sure that dev=0,3,0 is you cd-writer. If you own SCSI hds, you could lose all data of one hd when you use cdrecord with a wrong dev=(controler,id,partiton) !)

*Windows quick answer: You will need one 700M blank cd. Use a program such as Nero burning rom. You can get a [http://www.nero.com/en/index.html free trial of Nero from their site]. To burn with this program, skip the wizard and choose File>Burn Image. Select KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso file,>Burn. (Notice, Nero 6 has a bug preventing it from burning large images, for a patch see: [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4974#23520 this forum discussion])

*Windows long answer: Of course the answer depends on the individual program you are using to burn CDs, but all common CD-Writing programs should support the option of burning bootable ISO-Images, you probably just have to find the right menu option. At the address [http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/docs/ for Knoppix documentation] and on some of the KNOPPIX-Mirrors in a directory with the same name, you may find some examples written as short step-by-step documentations from users who successfully completed the procedure. KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso -files are ISO-Images, which uses "El Torito"-Specification ([http://www.phoenix.com/resources/specs-cdrom.pdf documented here]).

In the ISO-Image there is not only user-data, but also information about the file structure of the CD itself. If you want to see the file structure, have a look at [http://www.isobuster.com/ Isobuster].

To get the image-file on CD use RAW-Mode of your burning-software (have a look at Bild 1 WinOnCD German Edition).

*Select the KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso as filename of the image.
*Select 2048 Bytes/Sector as the correct data format (see Bild 2 WinOnCD German Edition).

Burn your CD as a '''"Single Session CD" or select finalize'''.
The Mode '''"Disk at once"''' or '''"Track at once"''' should be irrelevant for a
data-CD (have a look at the Online-Help of your burning software).
If the CD boots, but they are read errors, try '''"Disk at once"'''.

==== Q: My computer won't boot from CD. What should I do? ====

A: Look in your computer's [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS BIOS] (on many computers you need to push the "delete" or F1 key during the POST) to see whether it is set to boot from CD. If this is already set, your computer may not be able to read the CD (some notebooks have problems with black-coated CD's, for example). Some computers will only use the new BIOS settings after a hard reset.

A: If your computer doesn't support booting from CD, you can create a [[http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/rawrite [bootfloppy]] using the ["rawrite"]] or better yet the mkfloppy.bat file program in the "KNOPPIX" directory on the CD.

A: Get the Smart Boot Manager, and install to floppy, this should let you boot from any bootable CD. http://btmgr.sourceforge.net/ . If you want to install from windows, download the sbminst.exe and run it from the Command Prompt like :
'''sbminst.exe -d 0''' to install to floppy drive.

==== Q: I downloaded KNOPPIX via WWW/FTP or got a downloaded version from a friend. My PC will boot off of it, but the bootup stalls after a bit or I only see the background picture, and nothing else happens. What's going on? ====

A: You possibly only got a partial download, or the download was (silently) interrupted. If this is the case the ISO image is defective, and the data in the missing parts cannot be accessed (sometimes one can even "hear" this because of the sound the CD-ROM drive makes due to repeated read attempts). This is fatal because the directory tree is written at the beginning of the CD, so it is usually complete. Thus, you can correctly read the directory tree of the CD. However, reading the actual contents of the missing parts is impossible (in other words, accessing the contents fails). Some possible solutions can be found in the section "What are MD5 files?" and "How can I get the CD?".

==== Q: After I've used KNOPPIX, my "other" OS suddenly shows a blue screen with the message "File kernel.exe not found or defective" and "reinstall..." shortly after boot. ====

A: Simply take the KNOPPIX CD out of the CD-Rom drive and restart the computer.

==== Q: I see the partitions from my hard disk on the desktop and can access their contents when I click on them, but if I try to write to them I always get the error message "access denied". How can I write to my existing partitions? ====

A: The general philosophy of KNOPPIX is to allow as little write access as possible. For this reason, existing partitions are either not mounted or only mounted "read only". If you click with your right mouse button on an icon, the "read-only" attribute under item "device" can be un-checked. After this, the partition can be mounted "read-write" (for already mounted partitions, first click on "unmount"!). CAUTION: writing to NTFS partitions can lead to data loss, since Linux does not really support this file system! However, DOS and FAT32 file systems are safe for write access. Tip: In the shell the command "mount -o remount,rw /mnt/" can allow already-mounted file systems to be "made writeable".

==== Q: I have a fast access to a Knoppix-mirror. How can I burn with GNU/Linux this ISO file directly to CD-RW? ====

: - mkfifo KNOPPIX.fifo # mkfifo create a fifo file
: - screen ftp mirror ....# screen creates multiple shells in one terminal (handy!) ftp connect to your mirror...
: get KNOPPIX-3.10-EN.iso KNOPPIX.fifo #command to copy inside your ftp-session
: - C-a C-c # screen will make a new shell
: - cdrecord dev=(your burner) speed=4 KNOPPIX.fifo # ftp starts to get data when cdrecord starts to read from fifo
: wait; exit; rm KNOPPIX.fifo; exit
(Attention, use "cdrecord -scanbus" before cdrecord to find the correct device of your cd-writer. If you own SCSI hds, you could lose all data of one hd when you use cdrecord with a wrong dev=(controller,id,partiton) !)

=== OR ===
''This works well and is much simpler:''
wget -O - URL''OF''IMAGE | cdrecord -v speed=4 -eject -

==== Q: Must I burn Knoppix on CD-RW to be able to test it? ====
A: When you run another GNU/Linux system, you can copy the content of the Iso-file to your hd and boot it directly from hd. See [[Hd Based HowTo]].

==== Q: How do I burn an image on to a CD using B's Recorder Gold from BHA? ====
A: Close the Wizard dialog if it pops up when you start the application. Drag the KNOPPIX-'''*'''.iso file to the lower RIGHT region of the app window. It is shaded in yellow and has the title "Track Type"(The icon with a musical note and a folder will be seen in the middle panel). Right click the left region where it says ")1 DATA -mode1 and from the popup menu choose properties. Choose "ISO compatible" and "create from standard bootable disk image" in the two selection boxes. Then press the record button (Upper left), pick your options, and Voila - one KNOPPIX bootable CD is yours.

==== Q:Why do 750 MB fit onto an audio CD but only 650 MB onto a data CD? ====

A: A sector of a CD consists of 2352 bytes. With an audio CD, these are used completely for audio information. With data CDs, an additional fault correction is inserted, and the usable capacity shrinks to 2048 bytes. A 74 minute CD consists of 74x60x75 = 333000 sectors. With 2048 bytes per sector, this gives a usable capacity of around 650.1 MB, with 2352 bytes per sector it gives around 746.6 MB. This therefore also produces a difference in data rates for reading/writing: 172 kbps with audio and 150 kbps for data.

==== Q: Why does my writer/software not accept to write to my 80 minute CD-R? ====

A:Some older writers or older versions of writer software cannot recognise the new playing lengths, because the groove is laid more narrowly. Check with your hardware and software manufacturer to see if these newer media are supported. In most cases, updating the writer software's current firmware (check out the web site of the software manufacturer) will solve these problems.

*[http://www.cdmediaworld.com/hardware/cdrom/cd_firmwares.shtml]

==== Q: What to do if I haven´t got enough space in the CD to burn Knoppix on it?- ====
A: You can overburn it ([http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD).]

Downloading FAQ

2005-01-04T21:14:55Z

Kyle: /* Q: My computer won't boot from CD. What should I do? */

*German Version: [[Faq DownloadingDeutsch]]
*Spanish:[[Faq Descarga]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix Faq]]
----
:Tip: Use CD-RWs instead of CD-Rs every time you can - save your budget and our environment!

==Q: How do I get the CD/current beta?==

A: Several possibilities:
* Download from one of the mirrors listed at [http://www.knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Download Page] . Try to choose the mirror nearest you for best results.
* Download with [[Bittorrent]] from [http://torrent.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/ The Unix-AG BitTorrent Tracker]
* If a 700Mb download is too much for your bandwidth capabilities, you can order the newest CD from a retailer on [http://knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Order Page]

==Q: Can you download Knoppix in parts if you have a low bandwith (28.8 Kbps) such a pausing the download and continue it another day?==

A: Yes, [[Bittorrent]] supports resume, and so does many ftp clients such as wget ( use wget -c ) or ncftp.
You can use other [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/download download managers] too.

==Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?==

A: The files with the .md5 extension contain checksums for the actual CD [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/iso ISO images]. A checksum is a "matching number" for checking files. One can verify that the file matches its original down to the smallest detail. When you download both the ISO image for the CD and its corresponding .md5 file, you can verify that your download was complete and that the contents are unchanged by typing "md5sum -c filename.md5" under Linux/Unix.

Further information about MD5 and programs for various OS's can be found at [http://www.linuxiso.org/viewdoc.php/verifyiso.html LinuxISO.org] and [http://www.fourmilab.ch/md5/ The MD5 Protocol Documentation]. You can download a Windows™ version at [http://www.toast442.org/md5gui.shtml this site].

==Q: What are the ASC files that accompany the CD ISO images and MD5 files?==

A: The files with the .asc extension are PGP-signed messages that contain the md5sum used for verifying the ISO CD images. With this you can be sure the ISO image and accompanying MD5 file are genuine, because the .asc file containing the MD5 is signed with Klaus Knopper's PGP key. This could only be compromised if someone got hold of the secret key used to sign the message. To verify the file, you need to import PGP key ID 0xBA8F038D from your favorite keyserver, then in Linux you can type "gpg --verify KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc". Then you must check that the MD5 checksum in the .asc file is the same that the MD5 checksum in the .md5 file.

If you want to verify the signed md5 file and the ISO file in one step, you can type:
gpg --decrypt KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc | md5sum -c -

==Q: I have downloaded the ISO file, now what ?==

A: Several possibilities again:

*Linux: you can use the command:
cdrecord -v speed=4 dev=0,3,0 filename
:where dev=0,3,0 is your cdwriter

:('''Attention''', use "cdrecord -scanbus" before cdrecord to be sure that dev=0,3,0 is you cd-writer. If you own SCSI hds, you could lose all data of one hd when you use cdrecord with a wrong dev=(controler,id,partiton) !)

*Windows quick answer: You will need one 700M blank cd. Use a program such as Nero burning rom. You can get a [http://www.nero.com/en/index.html free trial of Nero from their site]. To burn with this program, skip the wizard and choose File>Burn Image. Select KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso file,>Burn. (Notice, Nero 6 has a bug preventing it from burning large images, for a patch see: [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4974#23520 this forum discussion])

*Windows long answer: Of course the answer depends on the individual program you are using to burn CDs, but all common CD-Writing programs should support the option of burning bootable ISO-Images, you probably just have to find the right menu option. At the address [http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/docs/ for Knoppix documentation] and on some of the KNOPPIX-Mirrors in a directory with the same name, you may find some examples written as short step-by-step documentations from users who successfully completed the procedure. KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso -files are ISO-Images, which uses "El Torito"-Specification ([http://www.phoenix.com/resources/specs-cdrom.pdf documented here]).

In the ISO-Image there is not only user-data, but also information about the file structure of the CD itself. If you want to see the file structure, have a look at [http://www.isobuster.com/ Isobuster].

To get the image-file on CD use RAW-Mode of your burning-software (have a look at Bild 1 WinOnCD German Edition).

*Select the KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso as filename of the image.
*Select 2048 Bytes/Sector as the correct data format (see Bild 2 WinOnCD German Edition).

Burn your CD as a '''"Single Session CD" or select finalize'''.
The Mode '''"Disk at once"''' or '''"Track at once"''' should be irrelevant for a
data-CD (have a look at the Online-Help of your burning software).
If the CD boots, but they are read errors, try '''"Disk at once"'''.

==== Q: My computer won't boot from CD. What should I do? ====

A: Look in your computer's [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS BIOS] (on many computers you need to push the "delete" or F1 key during the POST) to see whether it is set to boot from CD. If this is already set, your computer may not be able to read the CD (some notebooks have problems with black-coated CD's, for example). Some computers will only use the new BIOS settings after a hard reset.

A: If your computer doesn't support booting from CD, you can create a [[http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/rawrite [bootfloppy]] using the ["rawrite"]] or better yet the mkfloppy.bat file program in the "KNOPPIX" directory on the CD.

A: Get the Smart Boot Manager, and install to floppy, this should let you boot from any bootable CD. http://btmgr.sourceforge.net/ . If you want to install from windows, download the sbminst.exe and run it from the Command Prompt like :
'''sbminst.exe -d 0''' to install to floppy drive.

==== Q: I downloaded KNOPPIX via WWW/FTP or got a downloaded version from a friend. My PC will boot off of it, but the bootup stalls after a bit or I only see the background picture, and nothing else happens. What's going on? ====

A: You possibly only got a partial download, or the download was (silently) interrupted. If this is the case the ISO image is defective, and the data in the missing parts cannot be accessed (sometimes one can even "hear" this because of the sound the CD-ROM drive makes due to repeated read attempts). This is fatal because the directory tree is written at the beginning of the CD, so it is usually complete. Thus, you can correctly read the directory tree of the CD. However, reading the actual contents of the missing parts is impossible (in other words, accessing the contents fails). Some possible solutions can be found in the section "What are MD5 files?" and "How can I get the CD?".

==== Q: After I've used KNOPPIX, my "other" OS suddenly shows a blue screen with the message "File kernel.exe not found or defective" and "reinstall..." shortly after boot. ====

A: Simply take the KNOPPIX CD out of the CD-Rom drive and restart the computer.

==== Q: I see the partitions from my hard disk on the desktop and can access their contents when I click on them, but if I try to write to them I always get the error message "access denied". How can I write to my existing partitions? ====

A: The general philosophy of KNOPPIX is to allow as little write access as possible. For this reason, existing partitions are either not mounted or only mounted "read only". If you click with your right mouse button on an icon, the "read-only" attribute under item "device" can be un-checked. After this, the partition can be mounted "read-write" (for already mounted partitions, first click on "unmount"!). CAUTION: writing to NTFS partitions can lead to data loss, since Linux does not really support this file system! However, DOS and FAT32 file systems are safe for write access. Tip: In the shell the command "mount -o remount,rw /mnt/" can allow already-mounted file systems to be "made writeable".

==== Q: I have a fast access to a Knoppix-mirror. How can I burn with GNU/Linux this ISO file directly to CD-RW? ====

: - mkfifo KNOPPIX.fifo # mkfifo create a fifo file
: - screen ftp mirror ....# screen creates multiple shells in one terminal (handy!) ftp connect to your mirror...
: get KNOPPIX-3.10-EN.iso KNOPPIX.fifo #command to copy inside your ftp-session
: - C-a C-c # screen will make a new shell
: - cdrecord dev=(your burner) speed=4 KNOPPIX.fifo # ftp starts to get data when cdrecord starts to read from fifo
: wait; exit; rm KNOPPIX.fifo; exit
(Attention, use "cdrecord -scanbus" before cdrecord to find the correct device of your cd-writer. If you own SCSI hds, you could lose all data of one hd when you use cdrecord with a wrong dev=(controller,id,partiton) !)

=== OR ===
''This works well and is much simpler:''
wget -O - URL''OF''IMAGE | cdrecord -v speed=4 -eject -

==== Q: Must I burn Knoppix on CD-RW to be able to test it? ====
A: When you run another GNU/Linux system, you can copy the content of the Iso-file to your hd and boot it directly from hd. See [[Hd BasedHowTo]].

==== Q: How do I burn an image on to a CD using B's Recorder Gold from BHA? ====
A: Close the Wizard dialog if it pops up when you start the application. Drag the KNOPPIX-'''*'''.iso file to the lower RIGHT region of the app window. It is shaded in yellow and has the title "Track Type"(The icon with a musical note and a folder will be seen in the middle panel). Right click the left region where it says ")1 DATA -mode1 and from the popup menu choose properties. Choose "ISO compatible" and "create from standard bootable disk image" in the two selection boxes. Then press the record button (Upper left), pick your options, and Voila - one KNOPPIX bootable CD is yours.

==== Q:Why do 750 MB fit onto an audio CD but only 650 MB onto a data CD? ====

A: A sector of a CD consists of 2352 bytes. With an audio CD, these are used completely for audio information. With data CDs, an additional fault correction is inserted, and the usable capacity shrinks to 2048 bytes. A 74 minute CD consists of 74x60x75 = 333000 sectors. With 2048 bytes per sector, this gives a usable capacity of around 650.1 MB, with 2352 bytes per sector it gives around 746.6 MB. This therefore also produces a difference in data rates for reading/writing: 172 kbps with audio and 150 kbps for data.

==== Q: Why does my writer/software not accept to write to my 80 minute CD-R? ====

A:Some older writers or older versions of writer software cannot recognise the new playing lengths, because the groove is laid more narrowly. Check with your hardware and software manufacturer to see if these newer media are supported. In most cases, updating the writer software's current firmware (check out the web site of the software manufacturer) will solve these problems.

*[http://www.cdmediaworld.com/hardware/cdrom/cd_firmwares.shtml]

==== Q: What to do if I haven´t got enough space in the CD to burn Knoppix on it?- ====
A: You can overburn it ([http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD).]

Hd Install HowTo

2005-01-04T21:11:37Z

Kyle:

You CAN install newer versions of Knoppix on harddisk, if you wish,
though installation is not required for productive use. If you want to
do this, you should just make sure there is some empty space on your
harddrive so you can create at least 2 Linux partitions, one for the
System (for Knoppix, minimal approx. 3 GB) and about minimal 200MB for [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_memory Swap] during the
installation process. It is VERY important that the swap space partition is of type "Linux Swap space" (or equivelent"). A partitioning program is integrated in the knoppix-installer.

It´s recommend to use 5 GB for root partition and 400 MB for swap partition.

''(NOTE: Be sure the root partition is the first partition on the drive, is formatted with ext2 or ext3, and is set to "active." The swap partition must be formatted with "linux-swap." Installation and subsequent booting will not continue otherwise.)''

You should get Knoppix version 3.4 or later and type '''sudo knoppix-installer''' in the shell if you want to do this.
Please ALWAYS make sure that you have a working backup of your important data prior to
experimenting with ANY new software, no matter if Windows, Linux or
anything else. Have a look here for more info about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudo sudo].

In knoppix-installer, arrow keys move focus and space bar selects options.

Note: Do '''not''' use "knx-hdinstall" anymore. "knx-hdinstall" is no longer maintained, use "knoppix-installer" instead.

Or the [http://download.linuxtag.org/knoppix/KNOPPIX-FAQ-EN.txt Knopper FAQ] on doing it manually.
Once knoppix is installed on a hard disk, it's no longer a Knoppix;-) it's a
uncompressed complete Debian GNU/Linux.

=== Blind Installation ===
It's possible to install Knoppix on a PC's hd without a monitor, see [[Hd Install Without a Monitor HowTo]]

=== Updating HD installation ===

You can do a

for i in $(COLUMNS=240 dpkg -l | awk '{print $2}')
do:
echo dpkg-repack --root=/KNOPPIX "$i"
done

to create packages from a running KNOPPIX CD to a writable harddisk
partition, and install/update these packages with dpkg -i.

See:

* http://freshmeat.net/projects/dpkg/
* http://www.tldp.org/LDP/linuxcookbook/html/cookbook_4.html#SEC42
* http://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/dpkg-internals/
* http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/index.en.html

Using the Knoppix repository at http://developer.linuxtag.net/knoppix/
plus the standard debian mirrors is easier, though.
See also : http://jaqque.sbih.org/kplug/apt-pinning.html

=== Installing Gnome ===

To install [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnome Gnome]], you have to type '''apt-get install gnome-bin gdm'''. 
Then execute '''update-alternatives --config x-window-manager''' and select '''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gdm gdm]]'''.

See also : http://wiki.debian.net/index.cgi?DebianGnome

Main Page

2005-01-04T21:10:41Z

Kyle: /* Pages finished */

= New Wiki! =

* PHPWiki has a nasty security hole.
* Had to reinstall the server to be sure all the nasties are gone
* To upgrade to the latest version of PHPWiki requires this same process ( copy and pasting ) as the syntax is different
* So the oppunity is taken to upgrade to MediaWiki, the software that powers wikipedia.org and is unquestionably going to be more stable and supported becasue of this. Also supports better spam prevention due to logins.
* Also a few people had commented that the wiki was a mess and it was getting a bit that way so a chance to clean it up
* I've paid a developer to write a [http://www.webforce.co.nz/phpwiki2mediawiki/ phpwiki 2 mediawiki syntax converter]. It's not perfect and you will need to clean up the output. ( if you are good at php and regex and want to try to make it work better email me! )
* The list of old pages and a link to their old content and an automatically converted ( but will need fixing ) is at [http://www.knoppix.net/oldwiki/ www.knoppix.net/oldwiki/]
* The list of new pages is [[Special:Allpages]]
* The page names will be different. E.g. KnoppixCustomisations will become [[Knoppix Customisations]]
* The syntax of mediawiki is different to phpwiki. For help: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_edit_a_page
* Obviously some of the pages do not need to be converted, e.g. the PHPwiki specific pages, or plugin pages.
* Keep the list below in alphabetical order and sign your name by typing <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki>

We'll do the homepage of the wiki last, once all the pages are done.

== Pages in progress: ==

[[Knoppix Remastering Howto]]
--[[User:Eadz|Eadz]] 19:09, 16 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Screen Shots]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 14:26, 21 Dec 2004 (PST)

== Pages todo ==
see http://www.knoppix.net/oldwiki/

== Pages finished ==

[[Basic Poor Mans]] --[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:59, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Bittorrent]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 07:13, 04 Jan 2004 (GMT)

[[Cheat Codes]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 07:13, 21 Dec 2004 (PST)

[[Cheat Codes Deutsch ]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 16:37, 21 Dec 2004 (PST)

[[Customizing FAQ]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]]

[[Deutsch Knoppix FAQ]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]]

[[Downloading FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 19:22, 18 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[FTP FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:24, 28 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[General FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 14:31, 16 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Hardware FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 14:28, 3 Jan 2005 (GMT)

[[Hd Based HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 21:30, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Hd Install HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:34, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Hd Install Without a Monitor HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:54, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Headless Knoppix]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 14:44, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Install FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 15:14, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Install Over Net HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:38, 28 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Installation Ueber Netz]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:57, 28 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Kernel]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]]

[[Knoppix FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 14:24, 16 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Knoppix Customisations]]
--[[User:Eadz|Eadz]] 19:44, 20 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Knoppix Hard Disk Scripts]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 13:34, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Knoppix Installer]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 16:18, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Knoppix Versions]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]]

[[Lilo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 12:48, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Lin Neighborhood]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 16:42, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Lissetup.sh]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:46, 3 Jan 2005 (GMT)

[[Mailing List]]
--[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 8:50, 21 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Network FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]]

[[Partition Managers]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 13:30, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Pivot Root Install]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:22, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Poor Mans Install]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 17:04, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[PXE FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 17:10, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Remaster From Hd Install HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 17:06, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Rescue FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 16:36, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Root]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 13:25, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Smb Client HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 18:57, 3 Jan 2005 (GMT)

[[Using FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 19:22, 18 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Win Partition]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:10, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

Deutsch Knoppix FAQ

2005-01-04T21:09:06Z

Kyle: Kyle doesn't actually spechen sie deutsch

=== Knoppix FAQ ===
Englische Version: [[Knoppix FAQ]]

----

==== Kategorien : ====

- [[Deutsch General FAQ]] - Wer, Was, Warum, usw 
- [[Deutsch Downloading FAQ]] - Knoppix herunterladen und brennen 
- [[Deutsch Using FAQ]] - Knoppix verwenden 
- [[Deutsch Hardware FAQ]]- Hardwareunterstützung und Verwendung von [[Deutsch Cheat Codes]] 
- [[Deutsch Install FAQ]] - Knoppix auf Festplatte installieren 
- [[Deutsch Rescue FAQ]] - Knoppix als Systemrettungs-CD verwenden 
- [[Deutsch Network FAQ]] - Netzwerk- und Einwahlkonfiguration (ETH, ISDN, ADSL, etc...) 
- [[Deutsch Samba Quick FAQ]] - Knoppixfilesystem von Windowsnetz lesen 
- [[Deutsch Network Software FAQ]] - TCP/IP einrichten und vorstellung von Netzwerktools 
- [[Deutsch Knoppix Emu FAQ]] - Knoppix unter Emulatoren betreiben 
- [[New Questions FAQ]] - Neue Fragen stellen, beantworten oder in die FAQ übernehmen 
- [[Customizing FAQ]] - Knoppix durch "Remastern" anpassen 

----

Knoppix liefert natürlich auch eine eigene FAQ mit. Diese befindet sich im KNOPPIX Verzeichnis auf der KNOPPIX CD unter dem Namen "KNOPPIX-FAQ.txt" (KNOPPIX-FAQ-EN.txt" für die Englische Version).
Weitere Sprachen sind auf den jeweiligen Mirrors abgelegt (derzeit spanisch und französisch). Eine Liste der Mirrors findet man unter http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/ eine Mirrorliste

Install FAQ

2005-01-04T20:51:18Z

Kyle: /* Q: Why is DMA disabled by default and how do I enable it? */

*German Version: [[Install FAQ Deutsch]]

*Versión española: [[Instalación FAQ]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]
----
Also see the [[http://www.freenet.org.nz/misc/knoppix-install.html Knoppix Hard Disk Installation HOWTO]]

=== General Installation Information ===
==== Sudoing ====
First of all for security reason all accounts are blocked - ie you can't log in to any account. To run things as a root the user 'knoppix' is allowed to sudo - ie to run things as a root.
==== Script ====
Christian Perle provided us a script to copy and define knoppix to a "prepared partition" in your disk. But first we have to set an empty partition on our disk. (With the new script, knoppix-installer, by Fabian Franz this changed a bit.)
==== Preparing a New Partition ====
Before partitioning the disk backup any data you don't want erased! To partition your drive use "parted /dev/DESIRED_DISK(hda,hdb...)". The ? key to get a list of commands for resizing partitions and making a new ext3 partition.
==== Activating the script ====
From Knoppix 3.3 and onward open a terminal and enter:
*'''sudo knoppix-installer
For Knoppix before 3.3 enter:
*'''sudo knx-hdinstall
Simply follow the instructions on screen.

You also might want to check: http://debian.tu-bs.de/knoppix/installer/
for a newer version or use the script '''knoppix-installer-latest-web'''

=== Questions ===
==== Q: Why does "df" not list my root partition ("/")? ====
A: The entry for "/" is somehow missing in /etc/mtab. Either edit that file and add a correct line for "/" or better replace /etc/mtab with a link to /proc/mounts, thn everything should be shown.
*'''su -c "ln -sf /proc/mounts /etc/mtab"

==== Q: Why is DMA disabled by default and how do I enable it? ====
A: Some chipsets and/or harddiscs are broken or buggy. Using DMA would cause problems on such systems. If your system works properly with DMA, you can enable it with it by typing "/sbin/hdparm -c3 -d1 -m16 -k1 /dev/hda" or by editing the "/etc/init.d/bootmisc.sh" startup script and uncommenting the hdparm -qd1 /dev/hda line to have it permanently on at reboot, if the line is not there add it.
Read more at: http://linux.oreillynet.com/pub/a/linux/2000/06/29/hdparm.html

==== Q: How do I test the downloaded ISO file? ====
A: You can use md5sum -c filename.md5 in Linux or [http://www.toast442.org/md5gui.shtml md5gui] for windows.

==== Q: How do I install Knoppix over a Network? ====

A: [[Install Over Net HowTo]]

==== Q: Is there a way that does not use so much space? ====

A: There is the "[[Poor Mans Install]]", where you can copy some files from the CD to the harddisk. It will run like from CD, but the CDROM is free for other use and its a bit faster. Although you'll need a bootfloppy or change the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bios Bios] options to boot first the hard disk with Knoppix (i.e. the second hard disk or d: unit).

==== Q: Is there other way that does not use so much space? Perhaps by having a compressed file system? ====

A: Yes, you can install Knoppix in 700 megs instead of 2.3 gigs for the real install, but it will run as if it were from a physical CD, so you cannot install anything, unless you do a 'normal' install. Each time you boot your hardware will need to be redetected. This is not for novices. For more information see the HOWTO for the [[Hd Based HowTo]] hard drive based install.

==== Q: Why doesn't my sound work? ====

A: Just run "/etc/init.d/alsa-autoconfig" as [[root]] once and you'll be fixed up nicely. To have the sound levels set at boot (alsa defaults to muted) edit the file "/etc/init.d/bootmisc.sh" and add '''aumix -w 75 -v 75''' to the bottom of the file.

==== Q: How do I install the latest Gnome? ====

A: Comment all the lines in /etc/apt/sources.list except by the unstable ones.
*'''apt-get update
*'''apt-get install gnome

In order to have gnome-session working you must exec the following and choose metacity
*'''update-alternatives --config x-window-manager

Optionally you can also install gdm, galeon, evolution, etc.

==== Q: how to install knoppix-terminalserver and/or knoppix-terminalopenmosixserver ??? ====

----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]

Install FAQ

2005-01-04T20:50:23Z

Kyle: /* Activating the script */

*German Version: [[Install FAQ Deutsch]]

*Versión española: [[Instalación FAQ]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]
----
Also see the [[http://www.freenet.org.nz/misc/knoppix-install.html Knoppix Hard Disk Installation HOWTO]]

=== General Installation Information ===
==== Sudoing ====
First of all for security reason all accounts are blocked - ie you can't log in to any account. To run things as a root the user 'knoppix' is allowed to sudo - ie to run things as a root.
==== Script ====
Christian Perle provided us a script to copy and define knoppix to a "prepared partition" in your disk. But first we have to set an empty partition on our disk. (With the new script, knoppix-installer, by Fabian Franz this changed a bit.)
==== Preparing a New Partition ====
Before partitioning the disk backup any data you don't want erased! To partition your drive use "parted /dev/DESIRED_DISK(hda,hdb...)". The ? key to get a list of commands for resizing partitions and making a new ext3 partition.
==== Activating the script ====
From Knoppix 3.3 and onward open a terminal and enter:
*'''sudo knoppix-installer
For Knoppix before 3.3 enter:
*'''sudo knx-hdinstall
Simply follow the instructions on screen.

You also might want to check: http://debian.tu-bs.de/knoppix/installer/
for a newer version or use the script '''knoppix-installer-latest-web'''

=== Questions ===
==== Q: Why does "df" not list my root partition ("/")? ====
A: The entry for "/" is somehow missing in /etc/mtab. Either edit that file and add a correct line for "/" or better replace /etc/mtab with a link to /proc/mounts, thn everything should be shown.
*'''su -c "ln -sf /proc/mounts /etc/mtab"

==== Q: Why is DMA disabled by default and how do I enable it? ====
A: Some chipsets and/or harddiscs are broken or buggy. Using DMA would cause problems on such systems. If your system works properly with DMA, you can enable it with it by typing "/sbin/hdparm -c3 -d1 -m16 -k1 /dev/hda" or by editing the "/etc/init.d/bootmisc.sh" startup script and uncommenting the hdparm -qd1 /dev/hda line to have it permanently on at reboot, if the line is not there add it.
Read more: [http://linux.oreillynet.com/pub/a/linux/2000/06/29/hdparm.html]

==== Q: How do I test the downloaded ISO file? ====
A: You can use md5sum -c filename.md5 in Linux or [http://www.toast442.org/md5gui.shtml md5gui] for windows.

==== Q: How do I install Knoppix over a Network? ====

A: [[Install Over Net HowTo]]

==== Q: Is there a way that does not use so much space? ====

A: There is the "[[Poor Mans Install]]", where you can copy some files from the CD to the harddisk. It will run like from CD, but the CDROM is free for other use and its a bit faster. Although you'll need a bootfloppy or change the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bios Bios] options to boot first the hard disk with Knoppix (i.e. the second hard disk or d: unit).

==== Q: Is there other way that does not use so much space? Perhaps by having a compressed file system? ====

A: Yes, you can install Knoppix in 700 megs instead of 2.3 gigs for the real install, but it will run as if it were from a physical CD, so you cannot install anything, unless you do a 'normal' install. Each time you boot your hardware will need to be redetected. This is not for novices. For more information see the HOWTO for the [[Hd Based HowTo]] hard drive based install.

==== Q: Why doesn't my sound work? ====

A: Just run "/etc/init.d/alsa-autoconfig" as [[root]] once and you'll be fixed up nicely. To have the sound levels set at boot (alsa defaults to muted) edit the file "/etc/init.d/bootmisc.sh" and add '''aumix -w 75 -v 75''' to the bottom of the file.

==== Q: How do I install the latest Gnome? ====

A: Comment all the lines in /etc/apt/sources.list except by the unstable ones.
*'''apt-get update
*'''apt-get install gnome

In order to have gnome-session working you must exec the following and choose metacity
*'''update-alternatives --config x-window-manager

Optionally you can also install gdm, galeon, evolution, etc.

==== Q: how to install knoppix-terminalserver and/or knoppix-terminalopenmosixserver ??? ====

----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]

Knoppix Customisations

2005-01-04T19:33:31Z

Kyle: Knoppix Customisations moved to Knoppix Customizations

#REDIRECT [[Knoppix Customizations]]

Knoppix FAQ

2005-01-04T19:31:52Z

Kyle: /* Categories : */

=== Knoppix FAQs ===
*German Version: [[Deutsch Knoppix FAQ]]
*Spanish Version: [[Spanish Knoppix FAQ]]
----
==== Categories : ====

*[[General FAQ]] - who, what, why etc

*[[Downloading FAQ]] - Downloading and burning Knoppix

*[[Using FAQ]] - Using Knoppix

*[[Hardware FAQ]] - Hardware support and using [[Cheat Codes]]

*[[Install FAQ]] - Installing Knoppix

*[[Hard Drive Install FAQ]] - Configuring Knoppix after install. (ie. dual boot, sound problems, etc..)

*[[Customizing FAQ]] - Customising knoppix by remastering

*[[Rescue FAQ]] - Using Knoppix as a rescue disk (File System Supported?? ntfs)

*[[Samba Quick FAQ]] - read Knoppix filesystem from windows

*[[Network FAQ]] - Network and Dialin configuration (ETH, ISDN, ADSL, etc...)

*[[PXE FAQ]] - How to use the network boot feature (terminal server) on Knoppix.

*[[New Questions FAQ]] - Add new questions, answers or move them to the real FAQ

*[[FTP FAQ]] - How to use FTP/ssh

Customising FAQ

2005-01-04T19:30:35Z

Kyle: Customising FAQ moved to Customizing FAQ

#REDIRECT [[Customizing FAQ]]

Talk:Main Page

2005-01-04T19:29:35Z

Kyle:

Customizing FAQ

2005-01-04T19:20:39Z

Kyle:

Versión en español: [[Faq Configuración]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]
----
== Howto ==
General [[Knoppix Remastering Howto]] / [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Deutsch]]

== KNOPPIX CD-Customizer Script ==
http://www.ing-buero-unger.de/prj/knx/index.html

== Speed Optimization ==
The original Knoppix is speed optimized (you can think of it as "defragmenting for CD"). The most Remastering FAQs and scripts do NOT speed optimize the remaster. Therefore, the original Knoppix runs faster from the CD than most remasters! http://mailman.linuxtag.org/pipermail/debian-knoppix/2003-January/001593.html

== Frequently Asked Questions ==

# I've read the HOWTO, but it doesn't tell how to customize the KDE desktop, panel, and startup programs. I've found that after I chroot, I can see my KDE changes in '''/ramdisk/home/knoppix/.kde/''' and I copied those to '''/etc/skel/.kde/''' and to '''/home/knoppix/.kde/''' but they seem to be ignored. What do I need to do?

----

See also:
* Already customized Knoppix cds for download on [[Knoppix Customizations]]
* http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2003/11/20/knoppix.html?page=2
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]

Talk:Main Page

2005-01-04T19:13:37Z

Kyle:

Main Page

2005-01-04T08:12:43Z

Kyle: /* Pages finished */

= New Wiki! =

* PHPWiki has a nasty security hole.
* Had to reinstall the server to be sure all the nasties are gone
* To upgrade to the latest version of PHPWiki requires this same process ( copy and pasting ) as the syntax is different
* So the oppunity is taken to upgrade to MediaWiki, the software that powers wikipedia.org and is unquestionably going to be more stable and supported becasue of this. Also supports better spam prevention due to logins.
* Also a few people had commented that the wiki was a mess and it was getting a bit that way so a chance to clean it up
* I've paid a developer to write a [http://www.webforce.co.nz/phpwiki2mediawiki/ phpwiki 2 mediawiki syntax converter]. It's not perfect and you will need to clean up the output. ( if you are good at php and regex and want to try to make it work better email me! )
* The list of old pages and a link to their old content and an automatically converted ( but will need fixing ) is at [http://www.knoppix.net/oldwiki/ www.knoppix.net/oldwiki/]
* The list of new pages is [[Special:Allpages]]
* The page names will be different. E.g. KnoppixCustomisations will become [[Knoppix Customisations]]
* The syntax of mediawiki is different to phpwiki. For help: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_edit_a_page
* Obviously some of the pages do not need to be converted, e.g. the PHPwiki specific pages, or plugin pages.
* Keep the list below in alphabetical order and sign your name by typing <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki>

We'll do the homepage of the wiki last, once all the pages are done.

== Pages in progress: ==

[[Knoppix Remastering Howto]]
--[[User:Eadz|Eadz]] 19:09, 16 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Screen Shots]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 14:26, 21 Dec 2004 (PST)

== Pages todo ==
see http://www.knoppix.net/oldwiki/

== Pages finished ==

[[Basic Poor Mans]] --[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:59, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Bittorrent]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 07:13, 04 Jan 2004 (GMT)

[[Cheat Codes]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 07:13, 21 Dec 2004 (PST)

[[Cheat Codes Deutsch ]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 16:37, 21 Dec 2004 (PST)

[[Downloading FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 19:22, 18 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[FTP FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:24, 28 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[General FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 14:31, 16 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Hardware FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 14:28, 3 Jan 2005 (GMT)

[[Hd Based HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 21:30, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Hd Install HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:34, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Hd Install Without a Monitor HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:54, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Headless Knoppix]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 14:44, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Install FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 15:14, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Install Over Net HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:38, 28 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Installation Ueber Netz]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:57, 28 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Kernel]]

[[Knoppix FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 14:24, 16 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Knoppix Customisations]]
--[[User:Eadz|Eadz]] 19:44, 20 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Knoppix Hard Disk Scripts]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 13:34, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Knoppix Installer]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 16:18, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Knoppix Versions]]

[[Lilo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 12:48, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Lin Neighborhood]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 16:42, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Lissetup.sh]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:46, 3 Jan 2005 (GMT)

[[Mailing List]]
--[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 8:50, 21 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Network FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]]

[[Partition Managers]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 13:30, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Pivot Root Install]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:22, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Poor Mans Install]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 17:04, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[PXE FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 17:10, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Remaster From Hd Install HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 17:06, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Rescue FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 16:36, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Root]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 13:25, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Smb Client HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 18:57, 3 Jan 2005 (GMT)

[[Using FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 19:22, 18 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Win Partition]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:10, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

Kernel

2005-01-04T08:11:18Z

Kyle:

== Kernel Version Numbering ==

All Linux kernel version numbers contain three numbers separated by periods (dots). The first number is the kernel version. We are now on the third kernel version, 2. Some of you may be running a version 1 kernel, and I am aware of at least one running version 0 kernel.

The second number is the kernel major number. Major numbers which are '''even''' numbers (0 is considered an even number) are said to be '''stable'''. That is, these kernels should not have any crippling bugs, as they have been fairly heavily tested. While some contain small bugs, they can usually be upgraded for hardware compatibility or to armor the kernel against system crackers. For example, kernel 2.0.30, shunned by some in favor of 2.0.29 because of reported bugs, contains several patches including one to protect against SYN denial of service attacks. The kernels with odd major numbers are developmental kernels. These have not been tested and often as not will break any software packages you may be running. Occasionally, one works well enough that it will be adopted by users needing the latest and greatest support before the next stable release. This is the exception rather than the rule, and it requires substantial changes to a system.

The last number is the minor number and is increased by one for each release. If you see kernel version 2.0.8, you know it's a kernel 2.0, stable kernel, and it is the ninth release (we begin counting with 0).

See

* [[Last Kernel]]
* http://wiki.debian.net/index.cgi?Kernel

Knoppix Versions

2005-01-04T08:09:21Z

Kyle:

I feel this information is important. Please, those of you with encylopedic knowledge of knoppix history, fill out the information.

I wonder whats wrong with the [http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/knoppix/KNOPPIX-CHANGELOG.txt ChangeLog]? --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]]

I obtained the dates from a mirror using following url exactly:(http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/knoppix/md5-old/?M=A ).

For each date, i believe the following should be supplied:
*kernel version (and older backup kernels that are also included)
*number of packages
*reason (s) that this update was created.

And maybe theres some other important information that each entry should have?
maybe x version, glib version, apt version. dunno?

The link [[Last Knoppix]] includes information about the (number) of the last Knoppix version and the link [[Last Kernel]] about the last Linux Kernel.

KNOPPIX_V3.1-10-09-2002b

KNOPPIX_V3.1-01-10-2002

KNOPPIX_V3.1-04-10-2002

KNOPPIX_V3.1-07-10-2002

KNOPPIX_V3.1-08-10-2002

KNOPPIX_V3.1-10-10-2002

KNOPPIX_V3.1-22-10-2002

KNOPPIX_V3.1-23-10-2002

KNOPPIX_V3.1-31-10-2002

KNOPPIX_V3.1-08-11-2002

KNOPPIX_V3.1-2002-12-07

KNOPPIX_V3.1-2002-12-10

KNOPPIX_V3.1-2002-12-11

KNOPPIX_V3.1-2002-12-12

KNOPPIX_V3.1-2003-01-01

KNOPPIX_V3.1-2003-01-20

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-03-21

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-03-21b

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-03-23

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-03-24

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-03-26

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-03-28

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-03-30

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-04-09

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-04-10

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-04-15

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-04-18

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-04-28

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-05-03

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-05-16

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-05-20

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-06-06

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-07-24

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-07-25

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-07-26

KNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-09-05

KNOPPIX_V3.3-2003-09-22

KNOPPIX_V3.3-2003-09-24

KNOPPIX_V3.3-2003-11-03

KNOPPIX_V3.3-2003-11-14

KNOPPIX_V3.3-2003-11-19

KNOPPIX_V3.3-2004-02-09

KNOPPIX_V3.3-2004-02-16

KNOPPIX_V3.4-2004-05-04
*[[Kernel]] 2.6.5 (2.4.26)

KNOPPIX_V3.4-2004-05-04-EN-fix1.iso.md5 08-May-2004

KNOPPIX_V3.4-2004-05-10

KNOPPIX_V3.4-2004-05-16

KNOPPIX_V3.4-2004-05-17
*[[Kernel]] 2.6.6 (2.4.26)

KNOPPIX_V3.6-2004-08-16
*[[Kernel]] 2.6.7 (2.4.27)

KNOPPIX_V3.7-2004-12-08
*[[Kernel]] 2.6.9 (2.4.27)

Main Page

2005-01-04T07:56:15Z

Kyle: /* Pages finished */

= New Wiki! =

* PHPWiki has a nasty security hole.
* Had to reinstall the server to be sure all the nasties are gone
* To upgrade to the latest version of PHPWiki requires this same process ( copy and pasting ) as the syntax is different
* So the oppunity is taken to upgrade to MediaWiki, the software that powers wikipedia.org and is unquestionably going to be more stable and supported becasue of this. Also supports better spam prevention due to logins.
* Also a few people had commented that the wiki was a mess and it was getting a bit that way so a chance to clean it up
* I've paid a developer to write a [http://www.webforce.co.nz/phpwiki2mediawiki/ phpwiki 2 mediawiki syntax converter]. It's not perfect and you will need to clean up the output. ( if you are good at php and regex and want to try to make it work better email me! )
* The list of old pages and a link to their old content and an automatically converted ( but will need fixing ) is at [http://www.knoppix.net/oldwiki/ www.knoppix.net/oldwiki/]
* The list of new pages is [[Special:Allpages]]
* The page names will be different. E.g. KnoppixCustomisations will become [[Knoppix Customisations]]
* The syntax of mediawiki is different to phpwiki. For help: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_edit_a_page
* Obviously some of the pages do not need to be converted, e.g. the PHPwiki specific pages, or plugin pages.
* Keep the list below in alphabetical order and sign your name by typing <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki>

We'll do the homepage of the wiki last, once all the pages are done.

== Pages in progress: ==

[[Knoppix Remastering Howto]]
--[[User:Eadz|Eadz]] 19:09, 16 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Screen Shots]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 14:26, 21 Dec 2004 (PST)

== Pages todo ==
see http://www.knoppix.net/oldwiki/

== Pages finished ==

[[Basic Poor Mans]] --[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:59, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Bittorrent]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 07:13, 04 Jan 2004 (GMT)

[[Cheat Codes]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 07:13, 21 Dec 2004 (PST)

[[Cheat Codes Deutsch ]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 16:37, 21 Dec 2004 (PST)

[[Downloading FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 19:22, 18 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[FTP FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:24, 28 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[General FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 14:31, 16 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Hardware FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 14:28, 3 Jan 2005 (GMT)

[[Hd Based HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 21:30, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Hd Install HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:34, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Hd Install Without a Monitor HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:54, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Headless Knoppix]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 14:44, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Install FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 15:14, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Install Over Net HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:38, 28 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Installation Ueber Netz]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:57, 28 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Knoppix FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 14:24, 16 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Knoppix Customisations]]
--[[User:Eadz|Eadz]] 19:44, 20 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Knoppix Hard Disk Scripts]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 13:34, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Knoppix Installer]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 16:18, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Lilo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 12:48, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Lin Neighborhood]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 16:42, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Lissetup.sh]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:46, 3 Jan 2005 (GMT)

[[Mailing List]]
--[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 8:50, 21 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Network FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]]

[[Partition Managers]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 13:30, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Pivot Root Install]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:22, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Poor Mans Install]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 17:04, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[PXE FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 17:10, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Remaster From Hd Install HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 17:06, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Rescue FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 16:36, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Root]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 13:25, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Smb Client HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 18:57, 3 Jan 2005 (GMT)

[[Using FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 19:22, 18 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Win Partition]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:10, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

Bittorrent

2005-01-04T07:54:51Z

Kyle:

Main Page

2005-01-04T07:50:04Z

Kyle: /* Pages finished */

= New Wiki! =

* PHPWiki has a nasty security hole.
* Had to reinstall the server to be sure all the nasties are gone
* To upgrade to the latest version of PHPWiki requires this same process ( copy and pasting ) as the syntax is different
* So the oppunity is taken to upgrade to MediaWiki, the software that powers wikipedia.org and is unquestionably going to be more stable and supported becasue of this. Also supports better spam prevention due to logins.
* Also a few people had commented that the wiki was a mess and it was getting a bit that way so a chance to clean it up
* I've paid a developer to write a [http://www.webforce.co.nz/phpwiki2mediawiki/ phpwiki 2 mediawiki syntax converter]. It's not perfect and you will need to clean up the output. ( if you are good at php and regex and want to try to make it work better email me! )
* The list of old pages and a link to their old content and an automatically converted ( but will need fixing ) is at [http://www.knoppix.net/oldwiki/ www.knoppix.net/oldwiki/]
* The list of new pages is [[Special:Allpages]]
* The page names will be different. E.g. KnoppixCustomisations will become [[Knoppix Customisations]]
* The syntax of mediawiki is different to phpwiki. For help: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_edit_a_page
* Obviously some of the pages do not need to be converted, e.g. the PHPwiki specific pages, or plugin pages.
* Keep the list below in alphabetical order and sign your name by typing <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki>

We'll do the homepage of the wiki last, once all the pages are done.

== Pages in progress: ==

[[Knoppix Remastering Howto]]
--[[User:Eadz|Eadz]] 19:09, 16 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Screen Shots]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 14:26, 21 Dec 2004 (PST)

== Pages todo ==
see http://www.knoppix.net/oldwiki/

== Pages finished ==

[[Basic Poor Mans]] --[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:59, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Cheat Codes]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 07:13, 21 Dec 2004 (PST)

[[Cheat Codes Deutsch ]] --[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 16:37, 21 Dec 2004 (PST)

[[Downloading FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 19:22, 18 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[FTP FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:24, 28 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[General FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 14:31, 16 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Hardware FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 14:28, 3 Jan 2005 (GMT)

[[Hd Based HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 21:30, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Hd Install HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:34, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Hd Install Without a Monitor HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:54, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Headless Knoppix]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 14:44, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Install FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 15:14, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Install Over Net HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:38, 28 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Installation Ueber Netz]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:57, 28 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Knoppix FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 14:24, 16 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Knoppix Customisations]]
--[[User:Eadz|Eadz]] 19:44, 20 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Knoppix Hard Disk Scripts]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 13:34, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Knoppix Installer]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 16:18, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Lilo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 12:48, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Lin Neighborhood]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 16:42, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Lissetup.sh]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 19:46, 3 Jan 2005 (GMT)

[[Mailing List]]
--[[User:Kyle|Kyle]] 8:50, 21 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Network FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]]

[[Partition Managers]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 13:30, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Pivot Root Install]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:22, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Poor Mans Install]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 17:04, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[PXE FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 17:10, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Remaster From Hd Install HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 17:06, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Rescue FAQ]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 16:36, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Root]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 13:25, 27 Dec 2004 (GMT)

[[Smb Client HowTo]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 18:57, 3 Jan 2005 (GMT)

[[Using FAQ]]
--[[User:Jjolly|Jjolly]] 19:22, 18 Dec 2004 (EST)

[[Win Partition]]
--[[User:Markus|Markus]] 20:10, 26 Dec 2004 (GMT)

Talk:Main Page

2005-01-04T07:49:07Z

Kyle:

Pivot Root Install

2005-01-04T07:43:31Z

Kyle: /* Pivot Root Install */ square brackets twapped

===Pivot Root Install===

This is an alternative installation technique that overcomes limitations of the [[Poor Mans Install]] and a regular hard drive install. You can have a complete system on your drive (you can use apt-get to update it, etc.), plus it can be on a drive that is not bootable (such as an external drive connected via a usb2 or firewire card). You can swap your drive to any other computer and still boot to your system using the Knoppix CD.

What you basically do is boot up with the CD and then use pivot_root to load up your hard-drive based system.

The downsides are that you still need to use the Knoppix CD to boot up, and you have to type some commands by hand to start up your system. Hopefully we can create a script to automate this in the future.

Instructions are based on [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=6463 this forum thread]

Post there if you have any problems or suggestions.

==== Step 1 ====

Do a regular hard drive install (see [[Hd Install HowTo]]) wherever you want to install it.

Basically you just type "sudo knoppix-installer" from the terminal command line and follow the instructions.

Do not install a boot loader to your MBR if you installed to a non-bootable drive or partition.

==== Step 2 ====

Start you computer with the Knoppix CD. Then type these commands: (replace "/dev/sda7" with the location of your installed system)

* knoppix26 single (at boot prompt, or just "knoppix single" for 2.4 kernel)
* sudo su
* mkdir /mnt/new_root
* mount /dev/sda7 /mnt/new_root
* mkdir /mnt/new''root/mnt/old''root (only necessary 1st time)
* cd /mnt/new_root
* pivot''root . /mnt/new''root/mnt/old_root
* mount /proc /proc -t proc
* init 5

Hd Install Without a Monitor HowTo

2005-01-04T07:42:48Z

Kyle:

'''Warning, this is only for people, who know how to play with GNU/Linux!'''

If you have no (or no free) monitor to install a new GNU/Linux server/firewall... but you have a laptop (or a PC with a monitor) - run knx-hdinstall unblind ;)
; You can use [[Headless Knoppix]] and run a script to be able to use ssh, or connect a keyboard and type the first commands blind : Connect on of the blackbox's netadapter with your Laptop by a cross-link cable or via a hub/switch. Put in the Knoppix CD and hope that the BIOS is set to CD-Boot first.

When now Knoppix is booted - you know after loading the bootloader you can
use [[Cheat Codes]], type blind "'''knoppix 2'''" and return and Knoppix will boot.
From now on, everytime you may make a typo, don't correct it, use
Ctrl-C and type it again.

'''Switch to one root shell with'''
Alt-Ctrl-F2

'''Change the rootpassword and remember to type it twice(!)'''
blind@blackbox#passwd root
test
test

'''Setup the network, for example:'''
blind@blackbox# ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.5 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
blind@blackbox# route add default gw 192.168.0.3 eth0

'''Knoppix has an active firewall, stop it:'''
blind@blackbox# rm /etc/hosts.deny
blind@blackbox# rm /etc/hosts.allow
blind@blackbox# /etc/init.d/inetd restart

'''Warning - I can't explain how to make your system safe - hope that somebody will add this ;)'''

'''Start ssh:'''
blind@blackbox# /etc/init.d/ssh start

'''Now go to your Laptop and when you can ping'''
user@laptop# ping 192.168.0.5

'''then your network is ok, and you can start a ssh connection:'''
user@laptop# ssh root@192.168.0.5

(if you got problems it is likely that your laptop has
an active firewall.)

'''Via the ssh conection you can now start a VNC connection on your blackbox:'''
root@0[[/]]vncserver
root@0[[/]]vncviewer localhost:1

'''Now you can follow [[Hd Install HowTo]] ;)'''

After the Knoppix HD-install update your Debian(unstable). When you laptop has two networkcards, an internetconnection and I hope a firewall, you can use it as router/firewall for secure your blackbox during you update it. Be root on your laptop:

root@laptop# modprobe iptable_nat 
root@laptop# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE 
root@laptop# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

'''Using a KVM switch:'''
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KVM_switch KVM switch] is a fairly simple apparatus to which you connect cables from your monitor, keyboard, mouse and sometimes loudspeakers and USB which then connects to two or more computers.
Switching between computers varies between manufacturers, with some you double-tap Scroll Lock.

'''You are welcome to make this How To better!'''

Hd Based HowTo

2005-01-04T07:41:39Z

Kyle: /* 1.2.2. Knoppix < */

=== HOWTO copy the Knoppix file to harddisk and Boot it. ===

The option of running Knoppix from a copy of the compressed file system has been around for years. Numerous contributors have suggested numerous methods for accomplishing this, and it is frequently called a "poor man's" install. Despite the pejorative nature of this name, it can be extremely powerful in its function.

Recently, Knoppix has undergone some changes, and some of the older methods for accomplishing this are outdated and no longer work with newer versions of Knoppix. On the other hand, some of the newer methods do not work with older versions, so the older methods need to remain as a resource for those using older versions of Knoppix. Be aware of this, and choose an installation method adapted to the version you are using.

Listed below are some other viable methods of running Knoppix from a HD copy of the CD filesystem. Some are for previous versions of Knoppix, some use bootloaders, and some rely on the creation of bootable devices, and some appear to be scrambled remnants left over from previous versions of the WIKI. Use whatever works best for you, and I hope that the previous authors will edit their own contributions and forgive me for not sorting out what has become a jumble of alternative methods.(JD)

----

See also: [[Pivot Root Install]] (HD install to a non-bootable partition) and [[Poor Mans Install]] (copy the CD contents to the hard drive to free up your CD drive).

----

Q: how can i make my whole (not only 700mb) harddrive as compressed system? and the system is also writeable. (just like the old days' doublespace/stacker)
----
See '''[[Knoppix Hard Disk Scripts]]'''.

With this installation method you copy the file containing the '''compressed Knoppix filesystem''' from the CD or ISO to your HD, and then set it up to boot in some way.

==== Pros: ====
* The CDROM drive can be used for other things
* It can be done without repartitioning (on FAT16/32 and Linux partitions)
* It only uses ~700MB, compared to 2.3GB for the real installation

''But...''

Knoppix will run as if it were from a physical CD, so you cannot install anything, unless you do a 'normal' install. Everytime you boot, the hardware will recognised new, so you can use this harddisk ''like'' a CD and plug it into new PCs. This is handy for preinstalling Knoppix on PCs/Laptops without CD-ROM.

This is different from [[Hd Based HowTo]] and [[Install FAQ]], in the way that Install FAQ describes how to install Knoppix so it will run on a (single) PC like a normal GNU/Linux installation. If you want to install software, you should consider a [http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Hd_Install_HowTo real harddisk install].

'''Note:''' The compressed filesystem is NOT the ISO(!), it is a 700MB '''file named KNOPPIX''' within the ISO.

=== WARNING, YOU SHOULD KNOW WHAT YOUR ARE DOING !!! ===
'''IF YOU ARE NOT EXPERIENCED WITH GNU/LINUX and LILO'''
: THIS HOWTO IS NOT FOR YOU !!!

Please ask a friend, experienced with GNU/LINUX,
or use KNOPPIX only from CD-ROM

Backups, Learning/Reading and talking with friends are
always good ideas before trying new things.
Like KNOPPIX itself, these ideas are to use on your own risk.

(Is this really necesary you can do this easily without hurting the system)

Okay, now you have read the warnings we can proceed with the real thing :-)
----

=== To run Knoppix from HD as it were from CD you can choose to: ===
** Run Knoppix, copy it to HD & make the hd-copy bootable with a '''bootfloppy'''
** Run Knoppix, copy it to HD & make the hd-copy bootable with '''LILO on HD'''
** Run GNU/Linux, copy Knoppix to HD and '''configure LILO'''
** Run Microsoft Windows, copy Knoppix to HD & make it bootable with a '''bootfloppy'''
** Run Microsoft Windows, copy Knoppix to HD & boot with loadlin
* Boot the Knoppix '''ISO''' directly
* Boot with [[PXE FAQ|PXE]] via network
* Boot from smartdisk, usb-stick, ROM....

NOTE ::: Many of these methods refer to versions of Knoppix Prior to 3.4 .... If you'd like a simple , safe and well-tested 'Poor-man's' install for 3.4 (_1.5. above ) go here ...[[Poor Mans Install]]

=== 1.1. Run Knoppix, copy it to HD & make the hd-copy bootable with ''bootfloppy'' ===

I believe this has been deprecated by the [[Cheat Codes|cheatcode]] '''tohd''', which copies the 700MB iso to the ext/FAT partition of your choice. Create a Knoppix boot floppy or boot from the CD and use fromhd to boot from the HD (then eject the floppy/CD). I just tested this and it works, but please delete this entry if I'm full of it :-)

* Boot from a Knoppix CD (whatever version you already have).

* Create a linux partition (see [[Partition Managers]]) large enough to hold at least 2 ISO images (at least 1.5GB). Let's call this ''/dev/hdXX''.

* Format this linux partition as an ext2 or ext3 filesystem.
**'''mkfs -t ext2 /dev/hd''XX'''''
* Mount this linux partition
**'''mkdir -p /mnt/staging && mount /dev/hd''XX'' /mnt/staging'''
* Download a new Knoppix ISO image and md5 checksum (whatever version you want to test) into /mnt/staging. Let's call it ''Knoppix-new.iso''

* Use md5sum to check whether the ISO image is fine.
**'''md5sum -c ''Knoppix-new.iso''.md5'''
* Mount this ISO image using loopback
**'''mkdir -p /mnt/newknoppix
**'''mount -t iso9660 -o loop,ro /mnt/staging/''Knoppix-new.iso'' /mnt/newknoppix
* Copy the contents of the ISO to /mnt/staging
**'''cd /mnt/newknoppix
**'''cp -a * /mnt/staging
* Create a boot floppy using the boot.img from the downloaded Knoppix-new.iso
**'''dd if=/mnt/newknoppix/KNOPPIX/boot.img of=/dev/fd0

Assuming everything went fine so far, we are ready to boot from the floppy. There should be no other filesystem on the machine with a valid KNOPPIX directory that come earlier in the search order.

* Make sure to sync and unmount all filesystems mounted rw.
**'''sync
**'''umount /mnt/newknoppix/
**'''umount /mnt/staging/
* Reboot leaving the floppy in the drive.
**'''shutdown -r now'''
* Make sure the BIOS boots from the floppy drive.

As it boots the KNOPPIX directory should be discovered and booted into a full fledged Knoppix system as though running from CD. If it fails you will be thrown into a small recovery shell. If this happens, revisit the earlier steps, read the man pages for all the commands, fix any errors, come back and update this procedure.

I hope this is useful to you.

Comment: If the above doesn't work, perhaps you need to make a directory KNOPPIX on you partition and then copy the file also called KNOPPIX (which is about 690MB) into this directory. This worked for me with Knoppix 3.2

----

=== 1.2. Run Knoppix, copy it to HD & make the hd-copy bootable with ''LILO on HD'' ===

=== 1.2.1. Knoppix 3.4 version only ===
''(rd) Because I couldn't find the info anywhere, I tried myself and succeeded in making a dual boot win98/knoppix3.4 with lilo and a persistent homedir. Here are the steps I took:''
==== Procedure: ====
* Partition the harddisk to make room for knoppix:
** ext2 partition /dev/hda6 used to boot the kernel with lilo (10 Meg)
** ext2 partition /dev/hda7 for the knoppix image (I used 1000 Meg, but 800 Meg should be enough)
** swap partition /dev/hda8 (I used 256 Meg, but depends on your physical RAM)
** ext2 partition /dev/hda9 for the persistent home (any value you can spare)
* Boot the knoppix cd with the cheatcode "tohd=/dev/hda7". This will copy the knoppix image to disk.
* Reboot the knoppix cd with the cheatcode "fromhd=/dev/hda7" and check if it runs without the cd.
* Make the persistent homedir via the knoppix menu (penguin icon->configuration->make persistent dir).
* Do not save your KNOPPIX configuration via the menu, all changes to the environment will be saved automatically because of the persistent home.
* Copy the files from /boot to /mnt/hda6. Also copy the file "/mnt/cdrom/boot/isolinux/minirt24.gz" from the cd to /mnt/hda6.
* Copy /etc/lilo.conf to /mnt/hda6 and make the following boot entries (do not forget to uncomment the line with "prompt", or else the lilo boot menu will not appear):

image=/mnt/hda6/vmlinuz
initrd=/mnt/hda6/minirt24.gz
append="fromhd=/dev/hda7 home=/dev/hda9 apm=power-off lang=nl \
hda=scsi hdb=scsi hdc=scsi hdd=scsi hde=scsi hdf=scsi \
hdg=scsi hdh=scsi"
root=/dev/hda7
label=Knoppix
read-write

other=/dev/hda1
label=Windows98

* Mount the /mnt/hda6 partition temporary as /boot so lilo writes its map-file to the right place (sudo mount /dev/hda6 /boot)
* Let lilo write the boot loader to the master boot record (sudo lilo -C /mnt/hda6/lilo.conf)
* Remove the knoppix cd-rom and reboot. Now lilo will show you the menu and you can choose between win98 and knoppix.
* That's it. Enjoy.

=== 1.2.2. Knoppix <= 3.3 version ===
'''Note:''' ''the short and detailed version seem to be different''... uhm?

''(rhk) I'm trying to do this, without success so far. I'll put some notes (in italics) at the place(s) where I have questions (maybe only one place at first. For information, I am trying to install Knoppix 3.1.''

LILO can't boot ISO files, so it is neccessary to copy the Knoppix ISO content to hd. Also copy the content of boot.image to /boot. Because the Knoppix-boot-skript is not used, read about the [[Cheat Codes]] and add the one you need to your lilo.conf under append="..."

To learn more about Lilo, read the [http://en.tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/LILO.html LILO-mini-HOWTO].

==== In short: ====
* Boot Knoppix by CD-ROM
* You need a partition with >700 MB free space (vfat, ext2 or ext3) in this example ''/dev/hda3''
* Open a root-shell ('''sudo bash''')
**'''mount /cdrom
**'''mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/hda3
**'''cp -R /cdrom/ /mnt/hda3/
**'''mkdir /mnt/floppy-loop
**'''mkdir /mnt/hda3/boot/
**'''cp /boot/System.map /mnt/hda3/boot/
**'''mount /cdrom/KNOPPIX/boot-en.img /mnt/floppy-loop -o loop -t vfat
**'''cp /mnt/floppy-loop/* /mnt/hda3/boot
**'''cp /etc/lilo.conf /mnt/hda3/boot
**'''vi /mnt/hda3/boot/lilo.conf
**'''ln -sf /mnt/hda3/boot/ />
**'''lilo -C /mnt/hda3/boot/lilo.conf''' (or '''lilo -C /boot/lilo.conf)
* Reboot without CD-ROM

Sorry people. Distro 3.4 has a different folders' structure, e.g. I couldn't locate the boot-en.img (I assume you mean /cdrom/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX). Anyway
I had problems with this instruction

mount /cdrom/KNOPPIX/boot-en.img /mnt/floppy-loop -o loop -t vfat
It says:

"/dev/loop0 damaged or fs not supported" ... really really strange. Could someone please update the info on this page? I mean info to copy knop image on hd and boot it by means of lilo?
Thanks a lot!

==== With comments, step by step: ====
*Boot Knoppix from CD-ROM
*You need a partition with >700 MB free space (vfat, ext2 or ext3) for example ''/dev/hda3'', but choose a partition you like. This partition must not contain these files and directories on root-level: autorun.bat, ''boot'', ''index.html'', knoppix.ico, Talks, autorun.inf, Demos, ''KNOPPIX''. To be on save side, use an one empty partiton ;)
**'''mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/hda3
**'''cp -R /dev/cdrom /mnt/hda3
**'''mkdir /mnt/floppy-loop
**'''mount /cdrom/KNOPPIX/boot-en.img /mnt/floppy-loop -o loop -t vfat_
*The directory /mnt/floppy will used as mountpoint, "-o loop" allows to mount a file as device.
**'''mkdir /mnt/hda3/boot/
**'''cp /mnt/floppy-loop/* /mnt/hda3/boot_
*There are only 2 files needed "miniroot.gz" & "vmlinuz"
**'''cp /etc/lilo.conf /mnt/hda3/boot
*To configure lilo is lilo.conf needed. Take /etc/lilo.conf as example.
**'''vi /mnt/hda3/boot/lilo.conf
/etc/lilo.conf - See: `lilo(8)' and `lilo.conf(5)'
lba32<
boot=/dev/hda #This hd will use lilo to write into the MBR
delay=200 #Time in ms to chooce the lilo-menue
timeout=200 #Time in ms to choose with lilo-menue
vga=0 #You can choose other modis here

default=Knoppix #The default boot-profile #Start of boot-profile 1

image=/boot/KNOPPIX-3.1-DE/vmlinuz # The kernel

append="lang=de ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off \
hda=scsi hdb=scsi hdc=scsi hdd=scsi hde=scsi hdf=scsi hdg=scsi hdh=scsi \
vga=791 initrd=KNOPPIX-3.10-DE/miniroot.gz nomce quiet \
BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix" #add initrd path to miniroot.gz
''(rhk) I changed my append line to look like the above, but I get a bunch of errors when I try to run lilo, including things like KNOPPIX-3.1 not found. Maybe the errors are all due to the problem with the cp -R command, but I probably need some more explanation of what needs to be changed in lilo.conf.''

label="Knoppix"# label of your profil
root=/dev/hda3 # partiton where lilo can found the directory /boot
read-only
initrd=/boot/KNOPPIX-3.1-DE/miniroot.gz
* LILO has to write to /boot/map. Because the CD-ROM is read-only this will fail. Link the new /mnt/hda3/boot/ directory over /boot. But be aware to use full pathnames and use only "/" as linkname.
**'''ln -sf /mnt/hda3/boot/ /
**'''lilo -C /mnt/hda3/boot/lilo.conf

*LILO should say what's added. If you have an error here, check the steps before. (alternative you can use '''lilo -C /boot/lilo.conf''')
*Reboot without CD-ROM

=== Two things we still need to solve: ===
- read/write access to the partition we are booting knoppix from
- save Knoppix.config on the HD and boot with it

''(rhk) Below, Henk Poley asks if this German section is still required -- I think it is, although English would be better. I'm not sure I understand the questions -- do we want read/write access to the partition we are booting knoppix from? Is that in order to store data files and install other programs? I haven't read all the other FAQs yet, but it seems there are FAQs on putting your /home directory on the hard drive, and booting with something like Knoppix.sh for "persistent options" -- maybe those solve the problems?''

Ideas how to do this:

; probono am 10.02.2003 : Ich habe den Ordner KNOPPIX mit dem 700 MB File knoppix auf eine
ext3-Partition (bei mir hda2) kopiert und ein bereits vorhandenes LILO
so konfiguriert, dass Knoppix von HD gebootet wird.

Desweiteren habe ich in meiner knoppix.sh stehen: 
'''mount /dev/hda2 /cdrom -o remount,rw'''

Jetzt habe ich von Knoppix heraus auch Schreibzugriff auf die ext3-Partition!

Idee: Ich hatte zufaellig schon eine bestehende LILO-Installation.
Koennte man aber nicht auf diese Weise Knoppix "from scratch" auf eine
leere HD aufspielen: 1. ext3 formatieren 2. Knoppix komprimiert
draufkopieren 3. LILO von Knoppix aus einrichten 4. remount,rw in die
knoppix.sh schreiben 5. /home/knoppix abaendern, so dass es auf
die HD zeigt ---> fertig! Was denkt ihr?

pr0ct0man 10.02.2003
Klingt eigentlich recht logisch, probono...
Let's try it !

Ich probier jetzt erstmal dein ''mount /dev/hda5/cdrom -o remount,rw'' in der knoppix.sh

Wo hast Du das eingetragen ? Meine sieht wie folgt aus: #!/bin/sh 
[[[ "`id -u`" = "0" ]]] || { echo "You need root privileges to modify the system!" >&2 ; exit 1; } 
[[[ -d "$1" ]]] && CONFIGS="$1/configs.tbz" 
[[[ -f "$CONFIGS" ]]] || CONFIGS="/cdrom/KNOPPIX/configs.tbz" 
[[[ -f "$CONFIGS" ]]] || CONFIGS="/mnt/floppy/configs.tbz" 
if [[[ -f "$CONFIGS" ]]]; then 
echo " [1mExtracting config archive $CONFIGS... [0m" 
tar -jpPtf "$CONFIGS" | while read i; do rm -f "$i"; done 
tar -jpPxf "$CONFIGS" ; chown -R knoppix.knoppix /home/knoppix 
fi

Grüsse, pr0ct0man

''Nirro, 19/2/04 :''
''Anyone can translate that to english please ? 
I'm facing the same problem - I can't mount /dev/hda1 after booting
knoppix from this partition.'' 
''by the way I succeded to do something new and cool, I think, using
the topologilinux grub bootloader, details - soon.'' 
''Update - I added to knoppix.sh the line : '''mount -o remount,rw /cdrom''''' 
''Now I can mount hda1, but only root have a write permission to it. any solutions ?''

Alternatively, you can boot Knoppix into a partition other than the default. This is very useful if you want to test your Knoppix hack and don't have a floppy (!!). It worked for me:

*boot your Knoppix from cd-rom;

*as root, mount a partition, i.e. /dev/hda3 under /mnt/hda3

**'''knoppix$ sudo su; mount -o rw /dev/hda3 /mnt/hda3

**'''cp -Rp /KNOPPIX /mnt/hda3

*logout and reboot normally

*mount /dev/hda3 under /mnt/hda3

**'''cp /mnt/hda3/KNOPPIX/boot /mnt/hda3

**'''cd /mnt/hda3; mkdir home; cd home; mkdir knoppix; chown knoppix.knoppix knoppix;

*make a symbolic link for every dir from /mnt/hda3/KNOPPIX to /mnt/hda3 except home, i.e. ln -s KNOPPIX/etc .

*copy the vmlinuz file into your /boot;

**/mnt/hda3# '''ln -s boot/vmlinuz .

*modify your lilo.conf in order to boot from hda3, I suggest :

image=/boot/knoppix
label="knoppix"
root=/dev/hda3
vga=788
read-only

I had to chroot in to the new environment in order to run lilo after editing /mnt/hda3/etc/lilo.conf -
knoppix$ sudo su; chroot /mnt/hda3; mount -o proc /proc proc ''

*As root in chroot, run:

**'''lilo -C /etc/lilo.conf

*reboot!!!

As a side effect, you have a persistent home for user knoopix in order to configure your environment and put the confs into /etc/skel ;-)

hope this help, every questions to maX (coccolesto@inwind.it)

=== 1.3. Run GNU/Linux, copy Knoppix to HD and ''configure lilo'' ===

==== Follow the steps outlined in 1.1 ====
Ones succeeded:

Boot your original GNU/Linux, mount a bootable Knoppix floppy, created in the paragraph 1.1:
**'''mount /floppy

Then create a KNOPPIX directory and copy a knoppix floppy image over there:
**'''mkdir /boot/KNOPPIX3.2
**'''cp /floppy/* /boot/KNOPPIX3.2/
*Add the following to the /etc/lilo.conf:
image=/boot/KNOPPIX3.2/vmlinuz
append="ramdisk_size=100000\
init=/etc/init initrd=KNOPPIX3.2/miniroot.gz ''_BOOT''IMAGE=knoppix"
root=/dev/hda3
read-only
initrd=/boot/KNOPPIX3.2/miniroot.gz
label="knoppix"

*Run "lilo" and reboot.

=== 1.4. Run Microsoft Windows, copy Knoppix to HD & make it bootable with ''bootmedia'' ===

Also called "poormans install" ;-)

NOTE: The partition (i.e. drive) that you are copying to (the D partition in the example below) must be a fat32 partition. If it is NTFS, the install will not boot.

*Copy the ''CD'':\KNOPPIX\KNOPPIX file to ''HD'':\KNOPPIX\
**'''E:\KNOPPIX\>mkdir D:\KNOPPIX
*'''E:\KNOPPIX\>copy KNOPPIX D:\KNOPPIX\
1 files(s) copied
*Make the bootfloppy. Start "mkfloppy.bat" on the CD in the KNOPPIX folder.
**'''E:\KNOPPIX\>mkfloppy
*Boot from the floppy or the [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/keydrive USB keydrive] You need a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS BIOS] that can boot from Floppy (all) or from keydrive (USB-ZIP option). It should scan for the KNOPPIX file and find it on the harddisk.
*Enjoy

=== 1.5 Run Microsoft Windows 98 or 95, copy Knoppix to HD & boot with loadlin ===

*Open ISO with [[http://www.winimage.com/winima61.exe Win Image]] Extract extract the directory ''ISO:''\KNOPPIX\ to C:\ (The C:\KNOPPIX\KNOPPIX file should be ~700MB)
*Open the C:\KNOPPIX\boot.img with {tools {Win Image}} and extract ''vmlinuz'' and ''miniroot.img'' to C:\KNOPPIX\Loadlin (you will need to create this directory)
*Download [tools loadling 1.6c] or later to C:\KNOPPIX}\Loadlin\ (remmember to extract it)
*now reboot to DOS, you can do this by pressing F8 while rebooting the computer.
*Change directory to the loadlin dir: "CD KNOPPIX\loadlin"
*Execute loadlin "loadlin.exe vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1 lang=en ro"

Now Knoppix should boot..

=== 1.5.1 Loadlin with Win9x/Dos ===

This page need organizing and some translation cleanup.
There is another possibility for people who don't have a floppy or CD-ROM drive, don't want to or can't mess with lilo, and only have dos or win95/98 with the knoppix iso extracted on to any hard drive partion. [[ftp://elserv.ffm.fgan.de/pub/linux/loadlin-1.6/update-1.6c/ Loadlin]] (be sure you have 1.6c!! 1.6 has lots of issues with many recent kernels). It is a simple program to load the linux kernel into memory. It's sort of mentioned above:

Extract loadlin.exe from that zip and extract the kernel from the KNOPPIX/boot.img file with software like [[http://www.winimage.com/winima61.exe Win Image]] (download installer)]] then move both the miniroot.gz and vmlinuz files into for instance c:/img. Boot to dos.
C:> cd img 
C:> loadlin.exe vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1 initrd=miniroot.gz lang=en ro 
And with any luck Knoppix will load fine, like normal.

=== 1.5.1.1 [[Load Lin]] in spanish ===
Loadlin.exe vmlinuz initrd=miniroot.gz lang=es ro

*Feedback:
**I've tried this loadlin option and it almost worked. Knoppix booted but when it got to start the Xfree graphical desktop it said something like that it can not find a module for my graphic card. Booting from the CD works fine.
**It is possible to simplify the method 1.3, to avoid using a floppy.

*Here is how I did it :
*instead of creating a floppy with dd and then to copy its content, just mount the boot.img file :
**'''mkdir mnt2 /boot/KNOPPIX3.2
**'''*mount /mnt/newknoppix/KNOPPIX/boot.img mnt2 -o loop
**'''cp mnt2/ /boot/KNOPPIX3.2/
*[[Yann Cochard]]

=== 2. Boot the Knoppix ''ISO'' directly ===

There really is no working solution to do this, this is just some ideas that some kind soul could improve. To do this you would need to do this:

* Copy iso to a partion
* Copy the boot.img from the ISO
* Change the boot.img to mount the iso with loop and then continue with the ordinary boot up script.
* Make the boot.img boot (in some of the ways described above)

==== another description ====
Create a mini boot image and mount the ISO at /mnt2/Knoppix.iso/ then mount the appropriate filesystem image from inside the ISO and mount or link the dirs inside. I guess doing a chroot (replace / ) will foobar things, that's why I try to mount the ISO at /mnt2/...

----

=== 3. Boot with ''PXE'' via network ===

This is not by the PCs own HD ;), but see: [[Faq PXE]]

Would be nice to boot via TCP/IP and get the ISO from FTP-server. 
Only for installing, '''not''' for daily use - please mirror Knoppix localy!

----

=== 4. Boot from smartdisk, usb-stick, ROM... ===

Please write about your experiences to boot from your MP3-Player, or what ever...

See [[http://rz-obrian.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/knoppix-usb/ Boot KNOPPIX from an USB Memory Stick]] by Matthias Müller
 For booting the USB stick it uses [[http://www.8ung.at/spblinux/ spblinux]]

----

=== Questions ===

==== Q:Does this work with any file system or does it need FAT? ====
A: Yes, it will work on any filesystem supported by the Knoppix build of the Linux kernel. Which means about all filesystem types you'll ever find on a IDE or SCSI harddisk.

----

== Feedback ==
If you have questions, comments, ideas about this wiki-page, and you don't want to write it directly in this page, please write it here as feedback:

==== Variations: ====
- Use the persistent home scripts to keep your settings. It should be possible to copy the script to ''HD'':\KNOPPIX\knoppix.sh (untested)

;By Henk Poley : Is the german discussion still needed on this page? Is it solved?

----

=== 5. Another method. ===
We can totally avoid looking at contents of boot.img and get the same affect as booting from Knoppix CD using http://syslinux.zytor.com/memdisk.php This what I did starting with KNOPPIX iso file:

**'''mount KNOPPIX.iso /mnt/tmp -o loop
**'''mkdir /KNOPPIX
**'''cp -R /mnt/tmp/KNOPPIX/* /KNOPPIX

Edit lilo.conf to boot boot.img in KNOPPIX directory:

#lilo.conf
image=/boot/memdisk
label=knoppix
initrd=/KNOPPIX/boot.img

You will get the full wonderful KNOPPIX boot menu.

=== 7. How to run knoppix from a windows partition without burning a CD ===

*Boot your existing linux
**'''mount -o loop KNOPPIX_V3.X-XX-XX-XX.iso /mnt/iso''' (create that dir earlier)
**'''cd /mnt/iso; cp -a * /mnt/win''' (your fat32 partition, mount it first)
*'''mkdir /img; mount -o loop /mnt/iso/KNOPPIX/boot.img /img
*'''cp /img/miniroot.gz /boot; cp /img/vmlinuz /boot/vmknoppix
*edit lilo.conf to create a new image=/boot/vmknoppix with initrd=/boot/miniroot.gz
*run [[Lilo]], reboot
*choose the name you gave knoppix in lilo.conf's label
*done! now proceed to install knoppix to the hard drive if you want!

=== 8. Yet another way (from a laptop with no floppy drive) with knoppix 3.4 ===

(assumes a small boot partition as /dev/hda1, and that knoppix tohd=/dev/hda2)

*boot into the command line mode <knoppix 2 hdfrom=/dev/hda2
*mount your booting partition<mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1
*mount your knoppix cd <mount -t iso9660 /dev/sr0 /mnt/test
*copy the neccisary boot files
**'''cp /mnt/test/boot/isolinux/linux24 /mnt/hda1
**'''cp /mnt/test/boot/isolinux/minirt24.gz /mnt/hda1
**'''cp /etc/lilo.conf /mnt/hda1/
*edit lilo.conf with mcedit
**'''mcedit /mnt/hda1/lilo.conf
*make sure to remove the line towards the begining from klaus
*I commented out most of this and added the following:
image=/mnt/hda1/linux24
initrd=minirt24.gz
label=linux
(( i realise there is alot more that could be done here,however for the sake of brevity thats all i did, the key parts are the linux24 and the minirt24.gz))
*run lilo with the new lilo.conf, '''not''' the CDs one.
**'''lilo -C /mnt/hda1/lilo.conf
*unmout things
**'''umount /mnt/test; umount /mnt/hda1
*reboot
**'''init 6
*enjoy (one thing i found was the knoppix commands can be used at the LILO prompt, so personally I run
**'''linux dma lang=en fromhd=/dev/hda2

Partition Managers

2005-01-04T07:40:49Z

Kyle: square bracket thwapping

=== Other references: ===
[http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Disk_Management/Partition/ Google Directory]

Hardware FAQ

2005-01-04T07:38:37Z

Kyle: /* Q: I'm trying to use dialup but I've got a winmodem */

*German Version: [[Hardware FAQ Deutsch]]

*Versión española: [[Hardware FAQ Spanish]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]
----
==== Q: How can I set up my printer?. ====

A: Click on "printer configuration" in the "Knoppix" menu, and use the wizard.

==== Q: How do I get support for my wheelmouse's mousewheel? ====

A: Type "knoppix wheelmouse" at the boot prompt. Unfortunately, wheelmice cannot be auto-detected, and the wheelmouse protocol is incompatible with the standard ps/2 protocol. Therefore, the "normal" ps/2 protocol (without mousewheel support) is the safe default.

==== Q: After finishing knx-hdinstall i am searching for a way to make a wheelmous work an a harddisk installation. What shall i do? Booting from CD with "knoppix wheelmouse" works fine. ====

A: there are two options ('''NOT TESTED'''):
* edit the following file: "/etc/X11/XF86Config-4" (make backup before)
**add the following lines to the section "Input Device" :
Option "Protocol" "IMPS/2"
Option "ZAxismapping" "4 5"
Option "Buttons" "5"
**If there is another line with an other protocol, you must delete it. BTW there are 3 sections for mice: serial, PS/2 and usb-Mice. You must find the correct Section.

* edit the "/etc/lilo.conf" file
**and add "wheelmouse" in the line with "append" (there is a huge line of parameters).
**Then run "lilo -v" in a root-shell an hope there's no error message.

==== Q: I use a Microsoft Wireless Intelli Mouse explorer (Optical, USB) and the mouspointer won't move. ====

A: Open a Root-Console (Control-Alt-F2) and enter the following:
modprobe -r usbmouse
modprobe hid

Pressing Control-Alt-F5 will bring you back to KDE.

==== Q: I'm trying to use dialup but I've got a winmodem ====

A: Sorry. Unfortunately some cheap modems have moved their functionality to almost completely software. Linux doesn't have support for nearly all of these ''thin'' modems and the best you can do is get another modem. You just discovered why it might have been worth purchasing a real modem. Infos about
GNU/Linux driver for Winmodems, see [http://www.linmodems.org linmodems.org]

==== Q: My graphics card doesn't work! ====

A: It may be that very new (or exotic) graphics cards are not in the hardware database yet. These will still usually work under Linux! You can type
knoppix xmodule=vesa
or
knoppix xmodule=fbdev
at the first boot screen, and the initial un-accelerated XFree86 modes will produce a usable screen. Version 31-01-2002 and later have a frame buffer boot option (especially for older notebooks) fb800x600 (instead of typing in knoppix), which uses a resolution of 800x600 pixels in frame buffer mode. Regardless of whether these workarounds are successful or not, support can be built into the next version of KNOPPIX more quickly if the PCI numbers of the graphics card along with a description can be sent to us via mail ("lspci ; lspci -n").

==== Q: Auto configuration doesn't work on my computer, or the computer hangs at boot. What should I do? ====

A: It might work if portions of the auto configuration are skipped. This can be specified with "knoppix noscsi" or "knoppix nopcmcia". If the problem can be identified -> please send the exact error message and when possible a proposed solution using the web form at http://www.knopper.net/kontakt/ ! Sometimes the output of "lspci ; lspci -n" is very helpful, especially if the problem involves incorrectly identified graphics cards.

==== Q: My PS/2 mouse doesn't work! ====

A: If the mouse pointer in the graphical user window is erratically moving around everywhere, the attached mouse is using an exotic protocol. Only booting into "expert" mode and setting the correct protocol for the XFree system will help in this case. However, if the pointer appears in the middle of the screen and doesn't respond to mouse movements at all, you probably have a board with a known BIOS bug (lately this problem has been appearing frequently with notebooks). Try to type in
knoppix pci=irqmask=0x0e98
at the boot screen and see if this helps. Alternatively, you can find a BIOS update for your computer (you may want to do this anyway?).

==== Q: My system memory is not fully detected, or the computer hangs shortly after starting with the message "Panic: cannot mount root file system"! ====

A: Some boards apparently report the usable memory size incorrectly to the Linux kernel. Solution: specify the system memory size as an additional "knoppix" boot option. For example, for 128 Megabytes use
knoppix mem=128M
(Note: make certain an upper-case M is typed after the memory size!)

==== Q: I am able to rotate my monitor. How do i set up Knoppix to use portrait-mode? ====

A: Edit the file /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 as root: In the section "Device" add the following line:
Option "Rotation" "CW"
CW means [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockwise Clock Wise]. Also possible: CCW [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterclockwise Counter Clock Wise]).

==== Q: I'm looking for modules-floppies to load [[Emulex]] FC-drivers (just for demonstration purposes...) - which ones should I use, the actual [[Debian]] modules fl-images? ====

==== Q: I have a RAID controller that doesn't have /dev entries (/dev/cciss/c0d0,/dev/cciss/c0d1, etc.) Can they be added for the next release? ====

==== Q: How to update for new graphic card driver and reconfigure it (for hd-install or floppy-config...) ====

A: The easiest method would probably be to simply power down, install the card, boot the latest Knoppix cd then assuming everything is working as expected, copy your /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 file from the booted cd into your hard drive install. Rename your existing /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 to something like /etc/X11/XF86Config-4.bak so you'll still have it.

==== Q:What are the names of the mouse? ====

A:
*PS/2 is /dev/psaux
*Serial : /dev/ttys0 (similar to COM1 in Windows).
*USB: /dev/input/mice

==== Q: How do I know a hardware I could go to buy is Linux compatible: ====

A: The best way is seeing [[Tux]] in the box. You can read too -->> http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Hardware-HOWTO/index.html and http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Hardware-HOWTO/incompatible.html

Hardware FAQ

2005-01-04T07:38:03Z

Kyle: numbered links fixing

*German Version: [[Hardware FAQ Deutsch]]

*Versión española: [[Hardware FAQ Spanish]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]
----
==== Q: How can I set up my printer?. ====

A: Click on "printer configuration" in the "Knoppix" menu, and use the wizard.

==== Q: How do I get support for my wheelmouse's mousewheel? ====

A: Type "knoppix wheelmouse" at the boot prompt. Unfortunately, wheelmice cannot be auto-detected, and the wheelmouse protocol is incompatible with the standard ps/2 protocol. Therefore, the "normal" ps/2 protocol (without mousewheel support) is the safe default.

==== Q: After finishing knx-hdinstall i am searching for a way to make a wheelmous work an a harddisk installation. What shall i do? Booting from CD with "knoppix wheelmouse" works fine. ====

A: there are two options ('''NOT TESTED'''):
* edit the following file: "/etc/X11/XF86Config-4" (make backup before)
**add the following lines to the section "Input Device" :
Option "Protocol" "IMPS/2"
Option "ZAxismapping" "4 5"
Option "Buttons" "5"
**If there is another line with an other protocol, you must delete it. BTW there are 3 sections for mice: serial, PS/2 and usb-Mice. You must find the correct Section.

* edit the "/etc/lilo.conf" file
**and add "wheelmouse" in the line with "append" (there is a huge line of parameters).
**Then run "lilo -v" in a root-shell an hope there's no error message.

==== Q: I use a Microsoft Wireless Intelli Mouse explorer (Optical, USB) and the mouspointer won't move. ====

A: Open a Root-Console (Control-Alt-F2) and enter the following:
modprobe -r usbmouse
modprobe hid

Pressing Control-Alt-F5 will bring you back to KDE.

==== Q: I'm trying to use dialup but I've got a winmodem ====

A: Sorry. Unfortunately some cheap modems have moved their functionality to almost completely software. Linux doesn't have support for nearly all of these ''thin'' modems and the best you can do is get another modem. You just discovered why it might have been worth purchasing a real modem. Infos about
GNU/Linux driver for Winmodems, see [http://www.linmodems.org]

==== Q: My graphics card doesn't work! ====

A: It may be that very new (or exotic) graphics cards are not in the hardware database yet. These will still usually work under Linux! You can type
knoppix xmodule=vesa
or
knoppix xmodule=fbdev
at the first boot screen, and the initial un-accelerated XFree86 modes will produce a usable screen. Version 31-01-2002 and later have a frame buffer boot option (especially for older notebooks) fb800x600 (instead of typing in knoppix), which uses a resolution of 800x600 pixels in frame buffer mode. Regardless of whether these workarounds are successful or not, support can be built into the next version of KNOPPIX more quickly if the PCI numbers of the graphics card along with a description can be sent to us via mail ("lspci ; lspci -n").

==== Q: Auto configuration doesn't work on my computer, or the computer hangs at boot. What should I do? ====

A: It might work if portions of the auto configuration are skipped. This can be specified with "knoppix noscsi" or "knoppix nopcmcia". If the problem can be identified -> please send the exact error message and when possible a proposed solution using the web form at http://www.knopper.net/kontakt/ ! Sometimes the output of "lspci ; lspci -n" is very helpful, especially if the problem involves incorrectly identified graphics cards.

==== Q: My PS/2 mouse doesn't work! ====

A: If the mouse pointer in the graphical user window is erratically moving around everywhere, the attached mouse is using an exotic protocol. Only booting into "expert" mode and setting the correct protocol for the XFree system will help in this case. However, if the pointer appears in the middle of the screen and doesn't respond to mouse movements at all, you probably have a board with a known BIOS bug (lately this problem has been appearing frequently with notebooks). Try to type in
knoppix pci=irqmask=0x0e98
at the boot screen and see if this helps. Alternatively, you can find a BIOS update for your computer (you may want to do this anyway?).

==== Q: My system memory is not fully detected, or the computer hangs shortly after starting with the message "Panic: cannot mount root file system"! ====

A: Some boards apparently report the usable memory size incorrectly to the Linux kernel. Solution: specify the system memory size as an additional "knoppix" boot option. For example, for 128 Megabytes use
knoppix mem=128M
(Note: make certain an upper-case M is typed after the memory size!)

==== Q: I am able to rotate my monitor. How do i set up Knoppix to use portrait-mode? ====

A: Edit the file /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 as root: In the section "Device" add the following line:
Option "Rotation" "CW"
CW means [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockwise Clock Wise]. Also possible: CCW [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterclockwise Counter Clock Wise]).

==== Q: I'm looking for modules-floppies to load [[Emulex]] FC-drivers (just for demonstration purposes...) - which ones should I use, the actual [[Debian]] modules fl-images? ====

==== Q: I have a RAID controller that doesn't have /dev entries (/dev/cciss/c0d0,/dev/cciss/c0d1, etc.) Can they be added for the next release? ====

==== Q: How to update for new graphic card driver and reconfigure it (for hd-install or floppy-config...) ====

A: The easiest method would probably be to simply power down, install the card, boot the latest Knoppix cd then assuming everything is working as expected, copy your /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 file from the booted cd into your hard drive install. Rename your existing /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 to something like /etc/X11/XF86Config-4.bak so you'll still have it.

==== Q:What are the names of the mouse? ====

A:
*PS/2 is /dev/psaux
*Serial : /dev/ttys0 (similar to COM1 in Windows).
*USB: /dev/input/mice

==== Q: How do I know a hardware I could go to buy is Linux compatible: ====

A: The best way is seeing [[Tux]] in the box. You can read too -->> http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Hardware-HOWTO/index.html and http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Hardware-HOWTO/incompatible.html

Poor Mans Install

2005-01-04T07:36:06Z

Kyle: /* What you need to know: */

==== Wrap-up ====

Once you utilize one of these methods, you will have the functionality of a hd linux install available to you. Next time a new version of Knoppix comes out, you can simply save the new version in place of the old one and enjoy the benefits of the latest enhancement, without the hassle of a reinstall, or worrying about dependencies. But what's really cool is that you can go back to Windows whenever you wish simply by leaving the liveCD out when you boot. You never have any danger of messing up Windows, and your Windows-dependent family members and co-workers will appreciate that. Comparisons and relative merits aside, I still have applications I rely upon in Windows, which simply aren't available in Linux.

----

Smb Client HowTo

2005-01-04T07:34:48Z

Kyle: /* Option 1: Lin Neighborhood */ []'s on KDE K

=== Windows Networking (Client End) ===
==== From [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/knoppix/ Computer First Aid Using Knoppix] by Cedric Shock and Susan Sullivan, used with permission. ====

To rescue use SMB (Windows Networking), you need a connection to a local area network, and another computer running on the network, with a shared folder you can access. If your local area network that was not automatically configured properly, see [[Local Area Networks]].

Before you begin, you will need to know the following information about the other computer:
 Workgroup:
 Username:
 Password:
 Computer Name:
 Shared Folder:

If the computer is running windows 95, 98, or ME and does not require a password for the shared folder, the username is "guest" and the password is blank.

At this point there are two options for connecting to the computer. The first option is slightly easier, but doesn't always work; try it first. The second option is a little harder, but is rock solid.

=== Option 1: [[Lin Neighborhood]] ===
Click on the http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/knoppix/kde.png in the lower left hand corner of the screen. This will bring up a menu like the Windows Start Menu. Enter the "Internet" submenu and select "[[Lin Neighborhood]]". (As of at least Knoppix 3.4, [[Lin Neighborhood]] may appear under "more programs" at end of list.)

In [[Lin Neighborhood]] find the "Options" menu and select "Browse entire network..."

'''Entire Network Browse''' If your network requires authentication just to see the list of shared folders, select "Browse as user" and enter your network username and password. Click "Ok".

[[Lin Neighborhood]] should now show a list of workgroups and the computers in them like this:
 http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/knoppix/linn.jpg
 Find the computer you want to access and double click on it. The list should now show the shared folders on that computer. Select the desired shared folder. Click on the "Mount" button in the upper left corner of the window.

'''Mount Dialog''' You will be presented with a window that looks like this:
 http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/knoppix/linnmount.jpg
 Enter your username in the box labeled "SMB User:" and your password in the box labeled "SMB Password:". Click "Mount".

Now we need to open the directory that represents the shared folder on the other computer. Click on the [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/knoppix/home.png] at the bottom of the screen. This will open a file manager type window. There should be a folder called "mnt" in the icon view on the right; open it. In this folder, there should be one folder with the name of the computer you connected to; open it. In this folder, there should be one folder with the name of the shared folder you connected to; open it. This directory now represents the shared folder on the other computer.

==== Option 2: The Command Line ====

Click on the http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/knoppix/kde.png in the lower left hand corner of the screen. This will bring up a menu like the Windows Start Menu. Enter the "KNOPPIX" submenu and select "Root Shell". This will open a window with a light blue prompt that reads something like
root@ttyp0 / #
*Type '''cd /mnt''' and press enter. The prompt should now read
root@ttyp0 mnt #
*Type '''mkdir /mnt/shared''' and press enter. This makes a directory (folder) on this computer that will represent the shared folder on the other computer.
*Type, substituting the information garnered above for the parts in bold:
**mount -t smbfs -o uid=knoppix,workgroup='''Workgroup''',username='''Username''',password='''Password''' //'''Computer Name'''/'''Shared Folder''' /mnt/shared
and press enter. This attaches, or "mounts", the other computer's shared folder to the folder we created.
 Close this window.

Open a new Konqueror window by clicking on the http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/knoppix/home.png at the bottom of the screen (it is the 4th from the left). In the address bar, after where it reads X> Location: type "file:/mnt/shared/" and press enter. This window is now displaying the shared directory on the other computer.

==== Option 3: LISa and Konqueror ====

From [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=8725 this thread by mkklavs]:

Either:

*'''A''' Run this command at a non-root console :
**'''wget http://users.volja.net/zejnovi/lissetup.sh && chmod +x lissetup.sh && sudo ./lissetup.sh

Or...

*'''B'''
#Go to [[lissetup.sh]], click ''Edit'' at the bottom, and copy the script out of the textarea box.
#Save it as ''lissetup.sh '' wherever you want.
#Run ''chmod +x lisstup.sh'' from a console in the directory where you saved the file.
#Run ''sudo ./lissetup.sh'' from the same directory.

==== Either way, you assume the risk of running this script; you take full responsibility. It's not likely it will be a problem, but posting on a Wiki or linking to an external site does not provide security against modifications. It's possible for the script to be altered, so you should examine it yourself before running it. ====

After doing that, open Konqueror, click the Services icon on the left side of the folder tree (the one on the bottom, use tooltips to help), and click ''LAN Browser''. You should be able to browse Windows/SMB shares on your LAN.

File:Kde.png

2005-01-04T07:33:38Z

Kyle: KDE "K" icon

KDE "K" icon

Install FAQ

2005-01-03T00:37:05Z

Kyle: /* Q: Is there a way that does not use so much space? */

*German Version: [[Install FAQ Deutsch]]

*Versión española: [[Instalación FAQ]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]
----
Also see the [[http://www.freenet.org.nz/misc/knoppix-install.html Knoppix Hard Disk Installation HOWTO]]

=== General Installation Information ===
==== Sudoing ====
First of all for security reason all accounts are blocked - ie you can't log in to any account. To run things as a root the user 'knoppix' is allowed to sudo - ie to run things as a root.
==== Script ====
Christian Perle provided us a script to copy and define knoppix to a "prepared partition" in your disk. But first we have to set an empty partition on our disk. (With the new script, knoppix-installer, by Fabian Franz this changed a bit.)
==== Preparing a New Partition ====
Before partitioning the disk backup any data you don't want erased! To partition your drive use "parted /dev/DESIRED_DISK(hda,hdb...)". The ? key to get a list of commands for resizing partitions and making a new ext3 partition.
==== Activating the script ====
From Knoppix 3.3 and onward open a terminal and enter:
*'''sudo knoppix-installer
For Knoppix before 3.3 enter:
*'''sudo knx-hdinstall
Simply follow the instructions on screen.

You also might want to check: [http://debian.tu-bs.de/knoppix/installer/]
for a newer version or use the script '''knoppix-installer-latest-web'''

=== Questions ===
==== Q: Why does "df" not list my root partition ("/")? ====
A: The entry for "/" is somehow missing in /etc/mtab. Either edit that file and add a correct line for "/" or better replace /etc/mtab with a link to /proc/mounts, thn everything should be shown.
*'''su -c "ln -sf /proc/mounts /etc/mtab"

==== Q: Why is DMA disabled by default and how do I enable it? ====
A: Some chipsets and/or harddiscs are broken or buggy. Using DMA would cause problems on such systems. If your system works properly with DMA, you can enable it with it by typing "/sbin/hdparm -c3 -d1 -m16 -k1 /dev/hda" or by editing the "/etc/init.d/bootmisc.sh" startup script and uncommenting the hdparm -qd1 /dev/hda line to have it permanently on at reboot, if the line is not there add it.
Read more: [http://linux.oreillynet.com/pub/a/linux/2000/06/29/hdparm.html]

==== Q: How do I test the downloaded ISO file? ====
A: You can use md5sum -c filename.md5 in Linux or [http://www.toast442.org/md5gui.shtml md5gui] for windows.

==== Q: How do I install Knoppix over a Network? ====

A: [[Install Over Net HowTo]]

==== Q: Is there a way that does not use so much space? ====

A: There is the "[[Poor Mans Install]]", where you can copy some files from the CD to the harddisk. It will run like from CD, but the CDROM is free for other use and its a bit faster. Although you'll need a bootfloppy or change the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bios Bios] options to boot first the hard disk with Knoppix (i.e. the second hard disk or d: unit).

==== Q: Is there other way that does not use so much space? Perhaps by having a compressed file system? ====

A: Yes, you can install Knoppix in 700 megs instead of 2.3 gigs for the real install, but it will run as if it were from a physical CD, so you cannot install anything, unless you do a 'normal' install. Each time you boot your hardware will need to be redetected. This is not for novices. For more information see the HOWTO for the [[Hd Based HowTo]] hard drive based install.

==== Q: Why doesn't my sound work? ====

A: Just run "/etc/init.d/alsa-autoconfig" as [[root]] once and you'll be fixed up nicely. To have the sound levels set at boot (alsa defaults to muted) edit the file "/etc/init.d/bootmisc.sh" and add '''aumix -w 75 -v 75''' to the bottom of the file.

==== Q: How do I install the latest Gnome? ====

A: Comment all the lines in /etc/apt/sources.list except by the unstable ones.
*'''apt-get update
*'''apt-get install gnome

In order to have gnome-session working you must exec the following and choose metacity
*'''update-alternatives --config x-window-manager

Optionally you can also install gdm, galeon, evolution, etc.

==== Q: how to install knoppix-terminalserver and/or knoppix-terminalopenmosixserver ??? ====

----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]

Install FAQ

2005-01-03T00:36:38Z

Kyle: /* Q: How do I test the downloaded ISO file? */

*German Version: [[Install FAQ Deutsch]]

*Versión española: [[Instalación FAQ]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]
----
Also see the [[http://www.freenet.org.nz/misc/knoppix-install.html Knoppix Hard Disk Installation HOWTO]]

=== General Installation Information ===
==== Sudoing ====
First of all for security reason all accounts are blocked - ie you can't log in to any account. To run things as a root the user 'knoppix' is allowed to sudo - ie to run things as a root.
==== Script ====
Christian Perle provided us a script to copy and define knoppix to a "prepared partition" in your disk. But first we have to set an empty partition on our disk. (With the new script, knoppix-installer, by Fabian Franz this changed a bit.)
==== Preparing a New Partition ====
Before partitioning the disk backup any data you don't want erased! To partition your drive use "parted /dev/DESIRED_DISK(hda,hdb...)". The ? key to get a list of commands for resizing partitions and making a new ext3 partition.
==== Activating the script ====
From Knoppix 3.3 and onward open a terminal and enter:
*'''sudo knoppix-installer
For Knoppix before 3.3 enter:
*'''sudo knx-hdinstall
Simply follow the instructions on screen.

You also might want to check: [http://debian.tu-bs.de/knoppix/installer/]
for a newer version or use the script '''knoppix-installer-latest-web'''

=== Questions ===
==== Q: Why does "df" not list my root partition ("/")? ====
A: The entry for "/" is somehow missing in /etc/mtab. Either edit that file and add a correct line for "/" or better replace /etc/mtab with a link to /proc/mounts, thn everything should be shown.
*'''su -c "ln -sf /proc/mounts /etc/mtab"

==== Q: Why is DMA disabled by default and how do I enable it? ====
A: Some chipsets and/or harddiscs are broken or buggy. Using DMA would cause problems on such systems. If your system works properly with DMA, you can enable it with it by typing "/sbin/hdparm -c3 -d1 -m16 -k1 /dev/hda" or by editing the "/etc/init.d/bootmisc.sh" startup script and uncommenting the hdparm -qd1 /dev/hda line to have it permanently on at reboot, if the line is not there add it.
Read more: [http://linux.oreillynet.com/pub/a/linux/2000/06/29/hdparm.html]

==== Q: How do I test the downloaded ISO file? ====
A: You can use md5sum -c filename.md5 in Linux or [http://www.toast442.org/md5gui.shtml md5gui] for windows.

==== Q: How do I install Knoppix over a Network? ====

A: [[Install Over Net HowTo]]

==== Q: Is there a way that does not use so much space? ====

A: There is the "[[Poor Mans Install]]", where you can copy some files from the CD to the harddisk. It will run like from CD, but the CDROM is free for other use and its a bit faster. Although you'll need a bootfloppy or change the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bios Bios]] options to boot first the hard disk with Knoppix (i.e. the second hard disk or d: unit).

==== Q: Is there other way that does not use so much space? Perhaps by having a compressed file system? ====

A: Yes, you can install Knoppix in 700 megs instead of 2.3 gigs for the real install, but it will run as if it were from a physical CD, so you cannot install anything, unless you do a 'normal' install. Each time you boot your hardware will need to be redetected. This is not for novices. For more information see the HOWTO for the [[Hd Based HowTo]] hard drive based install.

==== Q: Why doesn't my sound work? ====

A: Just run "/etc/init.d/alsa-autoconfig" as [[root]] once and you'll be fixed up nicely. To have the sound levels set at boot (alsa defaults to muted) edit the file "/etc/init.d/bootmisc.sh" and add '''aumix -w 75 -v 75''' to the bottom of the file.

==== Q: How do I install the latest Gnome? ====

A: Comment all the lines in /etc/apt/sources.list except by the unstable ones.
*'''apt-get update
*'''apt-get install gnome

In order to have gnome-session working you must exec the following and choose metacity
*'''update-alternatives --config x-window-manager

Optionally you can also install gdm, galeon, evolution, etc.

==== Q: how to install knoppix-terminalserver and/or knoppix-terminalopenmosixserver ??? ====

----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]

Win Partition

2005-01-03T00:30:45Z

Kyle: /* Steps: */

=== Windows Partition PMI ===

Much Credit here is due to the Japanese Knoppix Group for developing an NTFS compatible boot setup, to the various Grub patches authors, and to Ruymbeke for the easy setup and for the adaptation to the domestic versions of Knoppix on DOS/NT/XP machines.

''This how-to was originally written by J. Drake to synthesize [[http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=52847#52847 this thread]] and make it simpler for new users to follow.''

This version of a poor man's installation goes beyond the basics, and utilizes the GRUB bootloader to install Knoppix from a Windows partition (including NTFS). The advantages of this version over the [[Basic Poor Mans]] PMI are as follows:

* 1. No CD, USB, diskette, or any other device are required to boot. You can choose to boot either Windows or Linux from a simple boot menu.

* 2. All setup and installation can be done from within Windows. No prior Linux experience is required to have the function and versatility of a Linux HD install. For new users especially, this option is very attractive.

* 3. In many cases, upgrading is as simple as downloading a new release to the appropriate Windows folder.

* 4. No partitioning is needed to run HD based Linux off of the typical single-partition factory-built computer, unless the user wants to save data to the hard disk. New users who don't wish to partition their drives can save data on a separate disk or USB drive, while those desiring the enhanced function of a persistent home can create as few as one additional non-NTFS partition. Plus, users willing to experiment with Captive NTFS might potentially experiment with persistent homes in their NTFS partitions (not me).

Be sure to read and understand the introductory information on the WIKI page [[Poor Mans Install]].

Note: If you have ever tried any other kind of [[Poor Mans Install]] as described in [[Hd Based HowTo]], please remove or rename the KNOPPIX directory on harddisk.

==== Steps: ====

* 1. Within Windows, download [http://s94592085.onlinehome.us/grub/grubd.zip Ruymbeke's files], and extract them to a folder on the Windows desktop.

* 2. Copy the files and folders from the "Root''Of''NTFS" folder into the root of your C: drive, ''except for boot.ini''. Use boot.ini from the zip as a template for modifying your boot.ini.

* 3. While you're in the root of your C: drive, find the boot.ini file and copy it to boot.old, then open boot.ini with notepad. At the end of the file, add the following line: c:\grldr="Start Grub" . . . or whatever title you want to put in the quotes. Check to make sure that the timeout gives you enough time (in seconds) to make a choice. You can refer to the boot.ini in the zip as an example. Save as Boot.ini and exit.
Notes:
-With Win2000 computers you may add an alternate boot option in the boot.ini file: c:\bootgrub="Start Grub (old method)"
-To work with Windows 9x copy GRUB.EXE from "Root''Of''NTFS" folder to C:\ then edit your CONFIG.SYS file adding the line ''SHELL=GRUB.EXE'' (to return to booting to Windows 9x you will have to edit config.sys again as grub.exe will not allow booting to Windows/Msdos AFAIK).

* 4. Find the ISO file you originally downloaded, and copy it to the c:\boot\knoppix.36 folder.

* 5. Now, open Notepad, and load the file C:/BOOT/GRUB/menu.lst. Check to make sure that each step matches your HD configuration. Exammine the boot stanzas and add any cheatcodes for persistent home, saved configuration, or whatever you may use. Up at the top, I would recommend changing the timeout from 5 seconds to 15. Save and exit.

* 6. Restart, and wait for a menu prompt which gives you a choice between Windows and Start Grub. Cursor down to Start Grub and enter. Then choose among the options in the same manner. You should be launching Knoppix now.

==== Tweaks: ====

* 1. Note that in GRUB, the first disk or first partition are numbered zero. So, if your C: drive is the first partition of your first disk the C: drive will be hd(0,0), and hdb3 would be hd(1,2). On newer stock HP Pavilions, C: is actually the ''second'' partition of the first drive (hda2), which equates to hd(0,1) in grubspeak.

* 2. If you're really new and haven't set up a persistent home yet or saved your configuration, you can set this up later, once you boot into Knoppix. Just click the penguin icon on the toolbar and choose Configure, and follow the instructions to set up a persistent home.

* 3. The easiest way to install programs is by using Klik. Open Konqueror (not Mozilla or any other browser), and type in the following URL: http://klik.berlios.de/ then follow the instructions to install Klik. You will see a number of programs available to you for automatic installation. If you don't see the one you want listed, you can try the following command klik://softwarename into the address block of Konqueror.

PXE FAQ

2005-01-03T00:28:05Z

Kyle: /* Q: How can I boot with PXE? */

==== Q: can i have multiple terminal server run simultaneously? so pxe client can choose wheter to boot ltsp or knoppix or clusterknoppix or damnsmalllinux, or other...?? ====
A: Yes, for instance, have a look at [http://syslinux.zytor.com/pxe.php PXELinux] which allows you to make a menu (with submenus...).

==== Q: is PXE + ssh possible?? ====
A:Yes SSH is possible from a PXE boot environment even if the environment is read-only. When running in a read-only environment, SSH keys should be generated during the boot scripts and saved to a ram filesystem that will be cleared during a reset or powerdown.

==== Q: What is PXE? ====
A: PXE stands for 'Preboot Execution Environment' and is part of Intels(tm) Wired for Management (WfM). The Linux Magazine has written a good article about [http://www.linux-mag.com/2002-10/netbooting_01.html 'Network Booting'] - Please read it first to know about Network Booting and PXE! Intel offers 103 pages of [ftp://download.intel.com/labs/manage/wfm/download/pxespec.pdf PXE Specifications 2.1 (Sep. 20.1999)].

==== Q: Where can I find more information about PXE & GNU/Linux? ====
*[http://www.linux-mag.com/2002-10/netbooting_01.html] (Reminder: good article 'Network Booting' (10/2002))
*[http://www.kegel.com/linux/pxe.html] (good place to start)

==== Q: Can I boot via a PCMCIA-network-card? ====
A: Probably yes, but the boot rom-o-matic site does not support any PCMCIA cards. We still have to write a guide or a script to support this. Suggestions Welcome.

- ''(Do you know more? Please add and comment here)''

==== Q: How can I boot with PXE? ====
A: There are a number of possible routes:
#Modern BIOS with a PCI or an on-board network card (AFAIK no PCMCIA-cards)
#PXE-bootimage on a floppy
#PXE-bootimage on a cdrom
#PXE Capable bootloader (e.g. [http://www.gnu.org/software/grub Grub])
#PXE-bootimage on the hard drive
------------------------------------------------------------------
'''1. Modern Bios with a PCI or an on-board network card''' (AFAIK no PCMCIA-cards)
Go into your Bios and choose your NIC as primary Boot device.
At boottime you can configure this to use PXE and DHCP. You will probably have to enable Network booting before it shows up in the boot order menu, this depends on the particular Bios.
------------------------------------------------------------------
'''2. PXE with Floppy Quick-Tutorial:
(by Fabian)

*Start Knoppix with CD on computer 1...
*Start knoppix-terminalserver (Choose the right network card you want to use in computer two which will boot from network)
*Make an floppydisk for you NIC (network interface card) from [http://www.rom-o-matic.net] ... (lzdsk)
*Write image to floppy
*'''dd if=eb-5.0.7-xx.lzdsk of=/dev/floppy
*Boot computer two from floppy ...
*Choose boot from network, when asked (press 'n')
*Finished

===== From the mailing list by Michael Bramer: =====
But beware, Openoffice takes more than 10 Minutes to start with 133MHz;-)), but it works,
if you are not typing too fast!

Shouldn't it run on the server?

No, it's a FAT client. The Server only exports the compressed images and
the kernel, the software runs completely on the Clients, with access to
local drives (if not being run in secure mode).

To run a THIN client shouldn't be a big task.

on the server:
* start the normal terminal server:
* start kdm/xdm/... with XDMCP
* maybe add user01 - user30 with empty passwords..

on the client:
* boot normally (like the FAT client) - use the following boot parameters : knoppix 2
* Start X with `X -broadcast` or a `X -query $SERVER` (where $SERVER is the name or IP of your server)

------------------------------------------------------------------
'''3. PXE-boot image on a CD-ROM

------------------------------------------------------------------
'''4. PXE Capable Bootloader (e.g. Grub)
see ''''man grub''', '''info grub''' and grub webpage

Now here is a quote from
[http://www.gnu.org/manual/grub/html_mono/grub.html#Network]
for you about grub and PXE:

Booting from a network

It is sometimes very useful to boot from a network, especially, when you use a machine
which has no local disk.
In this case, you need to obtain a kind of Net Boot ROM, such as a PXE ROM or a free
software package like Etherboot.
Such a Boot ROM first boots the machine, sets up the network card installed into the machine
and downloads a second stage boot image from the network. 
Then, the second image will try to boot an operating system from the network actually.

GRUB provides two second stage images, nbgrub and pxegrub (see Images). 
Those images are the same as the normal Stage 2, except that they set up a network automatically,
and try to load a configuration file from the network, if specified.
The usage is very simple: If the machine has a PXE ROM, use pxegrub.
If the machine has a NBI loader such as Etherboot, use nbgrub.
There is no difference between them but their formats.
As how to load a second stage image you want to use should be described in the manual on your
Net Boot ROM, please refer to the manual, for more information.

However, there is one thing specific to GRUB.
Namely, how to specify a configuration file in a BOOTP/DHCP server.
For now, GRUB uses the tag 150, to get the name of a configuration file.
This below is an example about a BOOTP configuration:

.allhost:hd=/tmp:bf=null:\
:ds=145.71.35.1 145.71.32.1:\
:sm=255.255.254.0:\
:gw=145.71.35.1:\
:sa=145.71.35.5:

foo:ht=1:ha=63655d0334a7:ip=145.71.35.127:\
:bf=/nbgrub:\
:tc=.allhost:\
:T150="(nd)/tftpboot/menu.lst.foo":

Note that you should specify the drive name (nd) in the name of the configuration file.
That is because you can change the root drive before downloading the configuration
from the TFTP server, when the preset menu feature is used (see Preset Menu)

See the manual about your BOOTP/DHCP server, for more information.
The exact syntax should differ from the example, more or less.

==== Tip: Grub====
You should be familar with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRUB grub] before tring this. Take time to learn
grub from the ground on and you will enjoy grub!

------------------------------------------------------------------
'''5. PXE-bootimage on hd
''see 4. bootloader (grub)''
------------------------------------------------------------------

This wiki-page was revised by:
Robert Michel, thadk

PXE FAQ

2005-01-03T00:27:18Z

Kyle: /* Q: What is PXE? */

==== Q: can i have multiple terminal server run simultaneously? so pxe client can choose wheter to boot ltsp or knoppix or clusterknoppix or damnsmalllinux, or other...?? ====
A: Yes, for instance, have a look at [http://syslinux.zytor.com/pxe.php PXELinux] which allows you to make a menu (with submenus...).

==== Q: is PXE + ssh possible?? ====
A:Yes SSH is possible from a PXE boot environment even if the environment is read-only. When running in a read-only environment, SSH keys should be generated during the boot scripts and saved to a ram filesystem that will be cleared during a reset or powerdown.

==== Q: What is PXE? ====
A: PXE stands for 'Preboot Execution Environment' and is part of Intels(tm) Wired for Management (WfM). The Linux Magazine has written a good article about [http://www.linux-mag.com/2002-10/netbooting_01.html 'Network Booting'] - Please read it first to know about Network Booting and PXE! Intel offers 103 pages of [ftp://download.intel.com/labs/manage/wfm/download/pxespec.pdf PXE Specifications 2.1 (Sep. 20.1999)].

==== Q: Where can I find more information about PXE & GNU/Linux? ====
*[http://www.linux-mag.com/2002-10/netbooting_01.html] (Reminder: good article 'Network Booting' (10/2002))
*[http://www.kegel.com/linux/pxe.html] (good place to start)

==== Q: Can I boot via a PCMCIA-network-card? ====
A: Probably yes, but the boot rom-o-matic site does not support any PCMCIA cards. We still have to write a guide or a script to support this. Suggestions Welcome.

- ''(Do you know more? Please add and comment here)''

==== Q: How can I boot with PXE? ====
A: There are a number of possible routes:
#Modern BIOS with a PCI or an on-board network card (AFAIK no PCMCIA-cards)
#PXE-bootimage on a floppy
#PXE-bootimage on a cdrom
#PXE Capable bootloader (e.g. [[http://www.gnu.org/software/grub Grub])]
#PXE-bootimage on the hard drive
------------------------------------------------------------------
'''1. Modern Bios with a PCI or an on-board network card''' (AFAIK no PCMCIA-cards)
Go into your Bios and choose your NIC as primary Boot device.
At boottime you can configure this to use PXE and DHCP. You will probably have to enable Network booting before it shows up in the boot order menu, this depends on the particular Bios.
------------------------------------------------------------------
'''2. PXE with Floppy Quick-Tutorial:
(by Fabian)

*Start Knoppix with CD on computer 1...
*Start knoppix-terminalserver (Choose the right network card you want to use in computer two which will boot from network)
*Make an floppydisk for you NIC (network interface card) from [http://www.rom-o-matic.net] ... (lzdsk)
*Write image to floppy
*'''dd if=eb-5.0.7-xx.lzdsk of=/dev/floppy
*Boot computer two from floppy ...
*Choose boot from network, when asked (press 'n')
*Finished

===== From the mailing list by Michael Bramer: =====
But beware, Openoffice takes more than 10 Minutes to start with 133MHz;-)), but it works,
if you are not typing too fast!

Shouldn't it run on the server?

No, it's a FAT client. The Server only exports the compressed images and
the kernel, the software runs completely on the Clients, with access to
local drives (if not being run in secure mode).

To run a THIN client shouldn't be a big task.

on the server:
* start the normal terminal server:
* start kdm/xdm/... with XDMCP
* maybe add user01 - user30 with empty passwords..

on the client:
* boot normally (like the FAT client) - use the following boot parameters : knoppix 2
* Start X with `X -broadcast` or a `X -query $SERVER` (where $SERVER is the name or IP of your server)

------------------------------------------------------------------
'''3. PXE-boot image on a CD-ROM

------------------------------------------------------------------
'''4. PXE Capable Bootloader (e.g. Grub)
see ''''man grub''', '''info grub''' and grub webpage

Now here is a quote from
[http://www.gnu.org/manual/grub/html_mono/grub.html#Network]
for you about grub and PXE:

Booting from a network

It is sometimes very useful to boot from a network, especially, when you use a machine
which has no local disk.
In this case, you need to obtain a kind of Net Boot ROM, such as a PXE ROM or a free
software package like Etherboot.
Such a Boot ROM first boots the machine, sets up the network card installed into the machine
and downloads a second stage boot image from the network. 
Then, the second image will try to boot an operating system from the network actually.

GRUB provides two second stage images, nbgrub and pxegrub (see Images). 
Those images are the same as the normal Stage 2, except that they set up a network automatically,
and try to load a configuration file from the network, if specified.
The usage is very simple: If the machine has a PXE ROM, use pxegrub.
If the machine has a NBI loader such as Etherboot, use nbgrub.
There is no difference between them but their formats.
As how to load a second stage image you want to use should be described in the manual on your
Net Boot ROM, please refer to the manual, for more information.

However, there is one thing specific to GRUB.
Namely, how to specify a configuration file in a BOOTP/DHCP server.
For now, GRUB uses the tag 150, to get the name of a configuration file.
This below is an example about a BOOTP configuration:

.allhost:hd=/tmp:bf=null:\
:ds=145.71.35.1 145.71.32.1:\
:sm=255.255.254.0:\
:gw=145.71.35.1:\
:sa=145.71.35.5:

foo:ht=1:ha=63655d0334a7:ip=145.71.35.127:\
:bf=/nbgrub:\
:tc=.allhost:\
:T150="(nd)/tftpboot/menu.lst.foo":

Note that you should specify the drive name (nd) in the name of the configuration file.
That is because you can change the root drive before downloading the configuration
from the TFTP server, when the preset menu feature is used (see Preset Menu)

See the manual about your BOOTP/DHCP server, for more information.
The exact syntax should differ from the example, more or less.

==== Tip: Grub====
You should be familar with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRUB grub] before tring this. Take time to learn
grub from the ground on and you will enjoy grub!

------------------------------------------------------------------
'''5. PXE-bootimage on hd
''see 4. bootloader (grub)''
------------------------------------------------------------------

This wiki-page was revised by:
Robert Michel, thadk

PXE FAQ

2005-01-03T00:26:14Z

Kyle: /* Tip: Grub */

==== Q: can i have multiple terminal server run simultaneously? so pxe client can choose wheter to boot ltsp or knoppix or clusterknoppix or damnsmalllinux, or other...?? ====
A: Yes, for instance, have a look at [http://syslinux.zytor.com/pxe.php PXELinux] which allows you to make a menu (with submenus...).

==== Q: is PXE + ssh possible?? ====
A:Yes SSH is possible from a PXE boot environment even if the environment is read-only. When running in a read-only environment, SSH keys should be generated during the boot scripts and saved to a ram filesystem that will be cleared during a reset or powerdown.

==== Q: What is PXE? ====
A: PXE stands for 'Preboot Execution Environment' and is part of Intels(tm) Wired for Management (WfM). The Linux Magazine has written a good article about [[http://www.linux-mag.com/2002-10/netbooting_01.html 'Network Booting']] - Please read it first to know about Network Booting and PXE! Intel offers 103 pages of [[ftp://download.intel.com/labs/manage/wfm/download/pxespec.pdf PXE Specifications 2.1 (Sep. 20.1999)].]

==== Q: Where can I find more information about PXE & GNU/Linux? ====
*[http://www.linux-mag.com/2002-10/netbooting_01.html] (Reminder: good article 'Network Booting' (10/2002))
*[http://www.kegel.com/linux/pxe.html] (good place to start)

==== Q: Can I boot via a PCMCIA-network-card? ====
A: Probably yes, but the boot rom-o-matic site does not support any PCMCIA cards. We still have to write a guide or a script to support this. Suggestions Welcome.

- ''(Do you know more? Please add and comment here)''

==== Q: How can I boot with PXE? ====
A: There are a number of possible routes:
#Modern BIOS with a PCI or an on-board network card (AFAIK no PCMCIA-cards)
#PXE-bootimage on a floppy
#PXE-bootimage on a cdrom
#PXE Capable bootloader (e.g. [[http://www.gnu.org/software/grub Grub])]
#PXE-bootimage on the hard drive
------------------------------------------------------------------
'''1. Modern Bios with a PCI or an on-board network card''' (AFAIK no PCMCIA-cards)
Go into your Bios and choose your NIC as primary Boot device.
At boottime you can configure this to use PXE and DHCP. You will probably have to enable Network booting before it shows up in the boot order menu, this depends on the particular Bios.
------------------------------------------------------------------
'''2. PXE with Floppy Quick-Tutorial:
(by Fabian)

*Start Knoppix with CD on computer 1...
*Start knoppix-terminalserver (Choose the right network card you want to use in computer two which will boot from network)
*Make an floppydisk for you NIC (network interface card) from [http://www.rom-o-matic.net] ... (lzdsk)
*Write image to floppy
*'''dd if=eb-5.0.7-xx.lzdsk of=/dev/floppy
*Boot computer two from floppy ...
*Choose boot from network, when asked (press 'n')
*Finished

===== From the mailing list by Michael Bramer: =====
But beware, Openoffice takes more than 10 Minutes to start with 133MHz;-)), but it works,
if you are not typing too fast!

Shouldn't it run on the server?

No, it's a FAT client. The Server only exports the compressed images and
the kernel, the software runs completely on the Clients, with access to
local drives (if not being run in secure mode).

To run a THIN client shouldn't be a big task.

on the server:
* start the normal terminal server:
* start kdm/xdm/... with XDMCP
* maybe add user01 - user30 with empty passwords..

on the client:
* boot normally (like the FAT client) - use the following boot parameters : knoppix 2
* Start X with `X -broadcast` or a `X -query $SERVER` (where $SERVER is the name or IP of your server)

------------------------------------------------------------------
'''3. PXE-boot image on a CD-ROM

------------------------------------------------------------------
'''4. PXE Capable Bootloader (e.g. Grub)
see ''''man grub''', '''info grub''' and grub webpage

Now here is a quote from
[http://www.gnu.org/manual/grub/html_mono/grub.html#Network]
for you about grub and PXE:

Booting from a network

It is sometimes very useful to boot from a network, especially, when you use a machine
which has no local disk.
In this case, you need to obtain a kind of Net Boot ROM, such as a PXE ROM or a free
software package like Etherboot.
Such a Boot ROM first boots the machine, sets up the network card installed into the machine
and downloads a second stage boot image from the network. 
Then, the second image will try to boot an operating system from the network actually.

GRUB provides two second stage images, nbgrub and pxegrub (see Images). 
Those images are the same as the normal Stage 2, except that they set up a network automatically,
and try to load a configuration file from the network, if specified.
The usage is very simple: If the machine has a PXE ROM, use pxegrub.
If the machine has a NBI loader such as Etherboot, use nbgrub.
There is no difference between them but their formats.
As how to load a second stage image you want to use should be described in the manual on your
Net Boot ROM, please refer to the manual, for more information.

However, there is one thing specific to GRUB.
Namely, how to specify a configuration file in a BOOTP/DHCP server.
For now, GRUB uses the tag 150, to get the name of a configuration file.
This below is an example about a BOOTP configuration:

.allhost:hd=/tmp:bf=null:\
:ds=145.71.35.1 145.71.32.1:\
:sm=255.255.254.0:\
:gw=145.71.35.1:\
:sa=145.71.35.5:

foo:ht=1:ha=63655d0334a7:ip=145.71.35.127:\
:bf=/nbgrub:\
:tc=.allhost:\
:T150="(nd)/tftpboot/menu.lst.foo":

Note that you should specify the drive name (nd) in the name of the configuration file.
That is because you can change the root drive before downloading the configuration
from the TFTP server, when the preset menu feature is used (see Preset Menu)

See the manual about your BOOTP/DHCP server, for more information.
The exact syntax should differ from the example, more or less.

==== Tip: Grub====
You should be familar with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRUB grub] before tring this. Take time to learn
grub from the ground on and you will enjoy grub!

------------------------------------------------------------------
'''5. PXE-bootimage on hd
''see 4. bootloader (grub)''
------------------------------------------------------------------

This wiki-page was revised by:
Robert Michel, thadk

Lilo

2005-01-03T00:25:28Z

Kyle: /* What is LILO? */

===What is LILO?===
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilo LILO] is the Linux Loader, the most popular boot loader for Linux. (For some background on boot loaders, see Choosing a Boot Loader) It is used to load Linux into memory and start the operating system. On a machine with multiple operating systems, LILO can be configured to boot the other systems as well.

Normally LILO is initially configured for you during the Linux installation process. However, you may find that default configuration is not correct, or you wish to customize it. And there may even come a time when you need to remove LILO from your computer. Here are some instructions that should help you on your quest.

The /etc/lilo.conf File
As with many Linux utilities, LILO can be customized with a configuration file in the /etc directory. The lilo.conf file has its own man page which is quite thorough. In fact, it may be a little too thorough for simple configuration. So here's the lowdown on your basic lilo.conf file.

The sample lilo.conf file shown below is for a typical dual-boot configuration, with Windows installed on the first partition and Linux on the second. You can probably use this as-is, except for the image= line and possibly the root= line, depending on where Linux was installed. Detailed explanation follows.

boot=/dev/hda
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
compact
prompt
timeout=50
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.0.36
label=linux
root=/dev/hda2
read-only
other=/dev/hda1
label=win
boot=/dev/hda:
Tells LILO where to install the bootloader. In this case, it is going into the master boot record of the first hard drive, which means LILO will control the boot process of all operating systems from the start. It could also have been /dev/hda2, the boot sector of the Linux partition. In that case, the DOS bootloader would need to be in the master boot record, and booting Linux would require setting the Linux partition active using fdisk.
*'''map=/boot/map:
**The map file is automatically generated by LILO and is used internally. Don't mess with it.
*'''install=/boot/boot.b:
**Tells LILO what to use as the new boot sector. This file contains the "bootstrap" code that starts your operating system. Don't mess with it.
*'''compact:
**Makes LILO read the hard drive faster. Normally you want this, but some older systems may hang. Remove it if yours is one of these.
*'''prompt:
**Tells LILO to prompt us at boot time to choose an operating system or enter parameters for the Linux kernel. Keep this.
*'''timeout=50:
**Tells LILO how long to wait at the prompt before booting the default operating system, measured in tenths of a second. The configuration shown waits for 5 seconds. If timeout is 0 or not present, LILO waits forever (if prompt is specified, otherwise boots the default immediately).
*'''image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.0.36:
**The name of a Linux kernel for LILO to boot. This begins a section, and the lines that follow give specific parameters for this particular kernel. You may have up to sixteen image sections, but one should suffice. The first image listed in the file is the default, unless you specify otherwise.
*'''label=linux:
**The name that is used to identify this image at the LILO: boot prompt. Typing this name will select this image. When asked to list the available images (by pressing TAB at the LILO: prompt), LILO will display this name in the list.
*'''root=/dev/hda2:
**Tells LILO where the root (/) file system is (in other words, where Linux lives), so that the Linux kernel can mount it at boot time. Unless you are doing something extremely high-tech, all your images should use the same root= parameter. In my case, Linux is installed in the second primary partition.
*'''read-only:
**Tells LILO to instruct the Linux kernel to initially mount the root file system as read-only. It will be remounted as read-write later in the boot process. This is the normal method of booting Linux. Don't change it unless you are sure you know what you are doing.
*'''other=/dev/hda1:
**Like the image line, this begins a section. other tells LILO to boot an operating system other than Linux. It is given the value of the partition where this other operating system lives. LILO will simply load and execute the boot sector of this partition at boot time.
*'''label=win:
**Same as the label above, gives you a way to refer to this section.
By copying this basic layout, you should be able to get LILO to boot Windows or any new Linux kernels you build. Before you begin editing, make sure you create a backup copy of the original lilo.conf just in case something goes wrong. And don't forget to apply your changes!

Applying Changes
Anytime you edit the /etc/lilo.conf, or if you move or rename any of the files used by LILO, including the Linux kernel itself (the vmlinuz file), you must apply your changes before they will take effect. Failing to do so might cause LILO to be unable to boot Linux!

To apply changes, run the following command (you will need to be [[Super User Root]]):
*'''/sbin/lilo -v
You should get a response that looks like this : Added linux *
Added win

The asterisk (*) indicates the default boot image. If you see anything other than this, something went wrong. Go back through your lilo.conf and read the man page to see what it was.

Recovering a Lost LILO
If you reinstall DOS or Windows after installing LILO, you may find that the LILO: boot prompt no longer appears. This might also occur if certain disk utilities or anti-virus utilities attempt to "repair" your master boot record. (Some anti-virus programs will see LILO as a virus!)

To fix this, you just need to reinstall LILO. That means you have to boot into Linux some other way, either using Loadlin or a Linux boot floppy. (See Choosing a Boot Loader). At the Linux command prompt just type /sbin/lilo as described under Applying Changes. When you reboot, LILO will be back where it belongs!

Removing LILO
If you have LILO installed as your master boot record and you decide to uninstall Linux or upgrade your hard drive, you will need to remove LILO from the master boot record before you remove it's files from the hard drive. LILO makes a backup copy of your original master boot record before it installs itself. To remove LILO and return to the original, issue this command:

*'''/sbin/lilo -u

If this fails for some reason, consult the LILO documentation for alternatives.

If the LILO files have already been removed, or you are unable to coax LILO into removing itself, try using the DOS fdisk program to rebuild the master boot record with this command (from a DOS boot floppy):

*'''fdisk /mbr

LILO Usage
At boot time, LILO will present you with a boring prompt:

LILO:

If you do nothing, LILO will wait the amount of time specified in its configuration file and then boot the default operating system image. You can choose an operating system image to boot by typing its label here. If you can't remember what the labels are, press the TAB key to see a list. The default image is normally labelled "linux". If your lilo.conf was built by the Linux setup program, you may also have one called "dos" that boots the DOS or Windows partition.

If you need to pass special parameters to the Linux kernel, you can do it by typing them after the image name. For example, if you need to login to Linux in single-user mode to repair a damaged system (or because you forgot the root password), you can type:

*'''linux single

Or if that fails, try:

*'''linux 1

Resources
man pages: lilo, lilo.conf

Documentation: /usr/doc/lilo-*/ contains a very thorough, printable postscript User Guide, with source.

Rescue FAQ

2005-01-03T00:23:39Z

Kyle: futzing section on parted

==== Q: The other Linux/*nix box does not work correctly, but im sure the network is functional. ====
A: try "ssh" and/or "telnet" to log in on that remote box. you'll need to know a password, but after that you can use the shell to repair the box.