Knoppix Documentation Wiki - User contributions [en]

Language, Locale & Keyboard settings FAQ

2006-10-14T05:52:05Z

Jacky:

====Q: How do I start Knoppix in other languages?====

A: At the boot prompt, enter a suitable LANG cheat code:

knoppix lang=ch|cn|de|da|es|fr|it|nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|us

The LANG cheat code changes the locale, which includes the language, keyboard, timezone and other local settings. For example, if you type lang=fr, Knoppix will boot in French language, with the French keyboard layout and set the French timezone, among other things.

====Q: Which languages do all two-letter codes refer to?====

A: Most of the time the LANG cheat code is a country/territory code. You may recognise it as the top-level domain country codes on the internet. This document shows you what the country codes mean: [http://www.example.comhttp://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/02iso-3166-code-lists/list-en1.html iso-3166 country codes]

====Q: Where is the complete list of language cheat codes?====

At the boot prompt, press F3 to view a list of LANG cheat codes. There is also a list on the CD. This can be found at /KNOPPIX/knoppix-cheatcodes.txt.

Note that the above lists are not complete. By looking at the autoconfig file, Knoppix will actually accept the following additional LANG cheat codes:

knoppix lang = be|bg|cz|dk|fi|hu|il|ie|ja|sl|uk

Notes:

*cs is also acceptedin place of cz (Czech)
*da is also accepted in place of dk (Denmark)
*he (Hebrew) is also accepted in place of il (Israel)
*sl means Slovenia although the country code is si
*uk means Great Britain although the country code is gb.

====Q: My cheat code was accepted, the keyboard and locale settings match the language I want but menus are still in English.====

A: Knoppix includes locale files for many places, but only a small number of language packs (which provide the text for the kde menus). For example, if you enter the cheat code lang=cn, Knoppix will start with all the locale settings for China but menus will still be in English. The DVD edition has a much larger set of language packs. For the CD version, you can download and install additional language packs (see below).

====Q: I tried to enter a Cheat Code but the letters on the screen are not the same as what I typed. I cannot type out the correct cheat code. (Or I get a funny symbol instead of "=")====

A: Most likely you are using a different keyboard from what Knoppix is expecting. At boot time the German Knoppix version expects a German keyboard, the English version expects a US keyboard.

See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_layout keyboard layouts] for information on different keyboard layouts.

Note where the characters you want are on the US keyboard (or German keyboard if you are using the German Knoppix version) and then press the matching key. If you are having problems looking up keyboard layouts, the differences between various keyboard layouts are, typically:

*y and z: these are swapped

*= sign: for US this is the last key before backspace. For German and many continental keyboards of the QWERTZ type, this is usually shift-0.

====Q: How do I select a keyboard layout at boot time?====

A: If you are use the LANG cheat code, the keyboard will be changed to match the country or locale you selected. If you want a different keyboard setting use the keyboard and xkeyboard cheat code, for example:

knoppix lang=us keyboard=de, xkeyboard=de

====Q: How do I change the language/locale after boot?====

*From the K-menu launch Control Center.
*Go to Regional and Accessibility -> Country/Region & Language.
*Select your Country, add the language you want. You can also change the currency symbol, date format and other locale settings here.
*Click Apply. For most applications, you have to close and relaunch the application for the changes to take effect.

====Q: How do I change the keyboard layout after boot?====

*From the K-menu launch Control Center.
*Go to Regional and Accessibility -> Keyboard Layouts.
*Check Enable Keyboard Layouts if not already checked.
*Select from the list of available layouts and click Add.
*The selected Active Layouts are now in the right column. If there is more than one layout, click up and down arrows to move the layout you want to be default to the top. You can also remove layouts you do not want. Select the layout variant you want and the keyboard model if applicable.
*Click Apply.

You can see a country flag in the panel at the lower right of the screen. This represents the active keyboard that is currently in use. You can click on the flag to cycle through the various active keyboard layouts which you have selected above.

====Q: I am using the English version but still some programs launch in German!====

For some reason the default locale of the English Knoppix version is still set to de_De@euro (German) so some programs still open up in German.

Examples where this has been known to happen are: System -> File Manager - Super User Mode and Settings -> Kuser. The programs still launch in German even after though the Regional settings in the Kde Control Center are set to English.

To correct this, edit the file /etc/default/locale. Change the line LANG=de_De@euro to LANG=C or LANG=en_US.

====Q: How do I translate a word into English? (or German)====

Open any console and do:

ding <german word>

This will produce a window with the translation in English. Do the same with an English word and you will get a translation in German.

====Q: How do I add additional languages which are not included on the CD?====

First ensure that the locale you want has been generated. Do:

dpkg-reconfigure locales

Scroll down the list and ensure the locale you want has been checked. Select OK. Knoppix may take a while to generate all the selected locales.

Next, you need to download KDE the internationalization file for the language you want from a Debian repository. These files are named kde-i18n-*, for example kde-i18n-pt is Portugese. You can do this by launching synaptic from a root shell. Reload the repository information, then search for "i18n" to view a list of available kde-i18n files. Mark for installation and then click Apply.

Alternatively, if you know the name of the file, you can also use apt-get. This is an example of how to download and install the Hungarian internationalization file:

apt-get install kde-i18n-hu

After the i18n file has been installed, launch KDE Control Center and follow the procedure in Q.7 above. The language you just installed will show up in the drop-down list of available languages. Select it and close Control Center. The KDE menus will now be in the language you want.

Note that the DVD version includes many more language packs.

====Q: How do I enable East Asian languages?====

(Interim notes - those who have done this before, please help to add to this)

5.0.1 Version
The kde-i18n packs for Chinese and Simplified Chinese are already on the DVD. Do the following:
*Open Control Center -> Appearance and Themes -> Fonts
*Change all fonts to Sans Serif and Monospace (for fixed width fonts). Click Apply.
*Open Control Center -> Regional and Accessibility -> Country/Region & Language
*Under Add Language, select Chinese or Simplified Chinese. Click Apply.
*Close Control Center. Kde menus will now show up in Chinese characters.

Note:
*If you do not change fonts to Sans Serif, Chinese characters will not show up. Instead you will see a series of squares.
*There is a problem with Simplified Chinese. Some words do not show up -- I think they are the simplified ones. This suggests that a font for Simplified Chinese is missing and a Traditional Chinese font is being used instead.

5.0.1 CD Version
In Debian, Chinese menus is easily installed by generating the localem then using synaptic or apt-get to download and install the relevant kde-i18n-zh* package. However the same procedure does not work in Knoppix. A series of squares is displayed instead of Chinese characters, even when fonts are changed to Sans Serif. A font is missing.

====Q: After setting locale and keyboard, do I have to do this every session?====

If you create a Persistent Disk Image and load it at the next boot, your settings will be reloaded and the changes you have made will still be in effect. You do not need to add the language or keyboard cheat codes or make changes in the Control Center.

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

New Questions FAQ

2006-10-10T13:13:25Z

Jacky: /* Bootloader */

Please note that while this article is intended as a place for people to submit new questions that they feel belong in one of the FAQs (or in a new FAQ), it is not intended as a place for people to ask questions. Questions posted here will be seen by relatively few people and on an infrequent basis. The proper place to post questions that you are looking for an answer to (if not already covered in a wiki article) is in the Knoppix.net forums at http://www.knoppix.net/forum/

I wonder if the kernel of knopix suport SATA HD????

What is an MBR? What is it used for??

==Bootloader==
* Where is lilo installed?

*Where is Linux Kernel located? Which directory?
** I'd supplement that question with: Which boot loader, where do I manipulate the boot config if I remaster?

How to configure a 802.11g wireless card with WPA?

What is the default root password? (Done. See [[Using FAQ]])

How to set the default boot options without rebuilding the iso image?

Very near the top of 'Hard Drive Installation', prefix with a section talking about "If all you want is to maintain your customizations / home directory / package installations across Knoppix boots, that is not a hard drive install. What you actually want is a {Knoppix-term}. Click {this link} for the FAQ for that area." Although a Knoppix 'newbie' I am not a computer newbie - yet it took me some time and wandering through the wiki to find out that whatever it is I'm looking for, it is NOT a hard drive install. Even having done so, this item still isn't very clear to me, and perhaps a separate heading / title / FAQ would be appropriate. OR, something similar to the above should be more visible in a different FAQ. Even if that's true, something on this page would be appropriate. (Done. See [[Live CD Tips]])

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Using FAQ

2006-10-10T13:09:52Z

Jacky: /* Q: What is the root password? */

-German Version: [[Deutsch Using Faq]]

-Versión española: [[Usando Faq]]

-Versi Bahasa Indonesia: [[Indonesian Using FAQ]]
----
==== Q: How do I get Knoppix to boot Knoppix when it tells me that it can't find the KNOPPIX filesystem and is dropping me to a shell? ====
A: The full error is:
Uncompressing Linux... Ok, booting the kernel.

Welcome to the KNOPPIX live Linux-on-CD!

Scanning for USB/Firewire devices... Done.
Enabling DMA acceleration for: hda [Maxtor 2B020H1]
Enabling DMA acceleration for: hda [LTN486S]
Can't find KNOPPIX filesystem, sorry.
Dropping you to a (very limited) shell.
Press reset button to quit.

Additional buitin commands available:
cat mount umount
inmod rmmod lsmod

knoppix# _

Knoppix does the very best it can to automatically figure out what hardware the PC has & it does this without human intervention. DMA is a feature that speeds up data tranfer on IDE devices such as CDROM drive& HD drives. Some chipsets and/or harddiscs are broken or buggy. Using DMA would cause problems on such systems and in many many cases, if the CDROM drive does not support DMA then it fails to fully boot Knoppix from the CDR. DMA was enabled by default in Knoppix 3.4 through 3.7 and has been disabled in 3.8.x and up. To boot Knoppix 3.4 through 3.7 and get around this DMA problem, I boot knoppix with the following [[Cheat Codes]]:
knoppix nodma

==== Q: Why is DMA disabled by default and how do I enable it? ====
A: Knoppix does the very best it can to automatically figure out what hardware the PC has & it does this without human intervention. DMA is a feature that speeds up data tranfer on IDE devices such as CDROM drive& HD drives. Some chipsets and/or harddiscs are broken or buggy. Using DMA would cause problems on such systems.

If your system works properly with DMA, and you are booting from HD, you can enable it by typing "/sbin/hdparm -c3 -d1 -m16 -k1 /dev/hda" or by editing the "/etc/init.d/bootmisc.sh" startup script and uncommenting the hdparm -qd1 /dev/hda line to have it permanently on at reboot, if the line is not there add it.

A cleaner way to do it requires installing the hdparm package (use the command "apt-get install hdparm" to do this) and edit
the file "/etc/hdparm.conf".

Read more at: http://linux.oreillynet.com/pub/a/linux/2000/06/29/hdparm.html

==== File transfer between Knoppix and Windows or other systems: ====
===== Q: I see the partitions from my hard disk on the desktop and can access their contents when I click on them, but if I try to write to them I always get the error message "access denied". How can I write to my existing partitions? =====

A: On Knoppix 5.0.1, other filesystems are mounted read-only by default. To enable writing on a filesystem, you can right-click the partition icon on the desktop, such as 'hda1' and select "Change read/write mode". The filesystem needs to be mounted before you can change the access mode. "Change read/write mode" menu selection does basically the same thing as the shell command 'mount -o remount,rw /dev/<device>' where <device> is your partition, such as 'hda1'. Also note that changing the permission bits (read/write/execute) of the device or the mounted directory won't enable writing access. Writing to NTFS is supported from Knoppix 5 up, though caution is advised since the support is still more or less experimental.

Since this is such a frequently asked question, here is a screenshot of where you need to click to enable writing
http://joga.daug.net/readwrite.png

** '''The answer below seems to be unaccurate for the 5.0.1 version.'''
''(old)A: The general philosophy of KNOPPIX is to allow as little write access as possible. For this reason, existing partitions are either not mounted or only mounted "read only". If you click with your right mouse button on an icon, the "read-only" attribute under item "device" can be un-checked. After this, the partition can be mounted "read-write" (for already mounted partitions, first click on "unmount"!). Alternatively, you can use the mount command to make the drive read/write, see '''man mount''' for details. '''CAUTION:''' writing to NTFS partitions can lead to data loss, since Linux does not really support this file system! However, DOS and FAT32 file systems are safe for write access. Tip: In the shell the command "mount -o remount,rw /mnt/" can allow already-mounted file systems to be "made writeable".''

=====Q: How can I write data on NTFS partitions?=====

A: Knoppix 5 supports write access for [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS NTFS] partitions using libntfs and fuse. While preliminary results show generally good stability and a low likelihood of data corruption on the NTFS partition, these libraries are still beta and ''there is risk of data loss and disk corruption'' (back up your data first). Knoppix (and the Linux kernel) can read NTFS partitions just fine, the danger is only present when attempting to write to it.

Older versions of Knoppix can be forced to write to NTFS partitions, but at great risk of scrambling the underlying NTFS filesystem ([http://www.jankratochvil.net/project/captive/ Captive NTFS] used the existing NTFS drivers from a Windows system to acesss the NTFS drive, but was slow and unstable.)

=====Q: How do I access files created in Knoppix with other operating systems? =====

A:
*'''Windows NT, XP (NTFS) and Windows 95, 98'''
*:* Use a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/keydrive keydrive].
*::* Boot Knoppix with keydrive installed, Knoppix will add a keydrive icon to the desktop
*::* By default, the keydrive is read only. Change to r/w with right mouse button click -> Actions -> Change Read/Write mode -> click yes to make writable.
*::* the files you save on the key drive are then readable by windows.
*:* Use a floppy ?
*:* Use a CD writable ?
*:* Is a Knoppix partition readable by Windows XP (if I chose to install Knoppix on my hard drive)?

*'''Windows 95, 98'''
*:* Mount the file system in Knoppix and write to the hard drive, see above
*:* Is a Knoppix partition readable by Windows 95 or 98 ?

=====Q: I want to copy files to a windows box over the network=====
A:

* First method
I boot with Knoppix from the CD drive. Once it has fully loaded to the KDE desktop, I open a konsole command window. I assume the the hda1 (C: drive) is a FAT32 drive, so I mount it with the command:
sudo mount -t vfat -o ro,users /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1

If instead the the hda1 (C: drive) is a NTFS drive, the I mount it with the command:
sudo mount -t ntfs -o ro,users /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1

Next I open up the GUI file manager (called konqueror).
sudo konqueror
Once that comes up, in the location bar, I use the following to authenticate to a Windows domain & then access a windows networking share.In the location bar:
smb:/domain\username@IP.address.of.machine
If you do not need to authenticate to a domain, the form is:
smb:/hostname
or
smb:/IP.address.of.machine

This allows me to access windows shares. I navigate to where I want to save the data, then hit the keys CTRL-T to open a tnew tabbed window. Then in that location bar type:
/mnt/hda1/
Now I see the hda1 (C: drive) contents. Just like in windows explorer, select the file & folders you want to copy, CTRL-C or right-click & copy them. Use the mouse & move over to the other tab with the smb connection, then CTRL-V or right-click paste to initiate the transfer. When you are done copying files, close the konqueror window, click the KDE K menu and choose to reboot/shutdown the PC. TO shutdown the PC by command:
sudo init 0

* Other method, in which both directions are possible. Either start SAMBA or mount the remote share.
** "sudo /etc/init.d/samba start", add users with "smbpasswd -a knoppix". After this, the home directory of user knoppix will be shared as readonly. If you need other shares, edit /etc/samba/smb.conf and restart samba (replace "start" with "restart").
** "mkdir tmp/share; sudo mount -t smbfs -o username=Administrator //otherbox/share /tmp/share" (maybe start samba too to get rid of the warnings, especialy when using "nmblookup")
* Or you can obtain a lissetup.sh ("wget <nowiki>http://users.volja.net/zejnovi/lissetup.sh</nowiki>" in console). After doing that, in console, type: "chmod +x lissetup.sh", and then "./lissetup.sh". After doing this, you can use the LAN browser in Konqueror.

==== Q: Knoppix 3.2: Errormessage during booting, when HOME-Directory is saved on HD? ====
I've saved the date on a FAT-32Partition, as an image and without password. I can't format the partition in a LINUX-Format, since it's used by other data. When I boot KNOPPIX with "knoppix myconfig=... home=....", a short time later the message appears, that s.th. is not found and I'm asked for a password with at least 20 signs length (but such a password does not exist). It's no difference whether I type "home=scan" or s.th. like "home=/dev/hda5". Never the less it seems to work fine, when I ignore the password request and negate the further enquiry with "n" for "no". When I leave out "home=..." Knoppix has forgotton -as expected- the Home-Directory. The behavior is some how unbeautiful. Does anyone know how to avoid the request of that password?

A: I encountered this problem when I placed both the config files and the persistent home on the same partition.If you do not have separate partitons then the config can be located on a floppy( I have not tried this.)

====Q: What is the root password?====

A: There is none; all passwords are locked/scrambled by default; you set one yourself for those situations which call for it. You can set the root password by going to Knoppix Menu->Root Shell and typing "passwd", then entering a root password. In Version 5.0.1 you can also go to Knoppix Menu -> Configure -> Set password for root. There are several sections you can read dealing with this subject in KNOPPIX/README_Security.txt.
You can also type "sudo su" or "sudo -s" in any console window, or use <ctr>-<alt>-F2 to get at the text console with already opened root shell.

However, in some older versions of Knoppix, if you type 'sudo -s', it will ask for a password. If you simply press return without entering anything, it will tell you 'Authentication Failed."

See also the forum thread titled [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=11500 "Root Password (what is it?)"]

====Q: How can I watch a DVD?====

A: First of all, you have to have Knoppix installed on your hard drive. You won't be able to execute the following proceedure if you are running it from the CD.

* Become root

* Add the following lines to your /etc/apt/sources.list:

deb <nowiki>http://www.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian</nowiki> $(ARCH)/
deb-src <nowiki>http://www.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian</nowiki> sources/

* Then do:

apt-get update
apt-get install libdvdcss2

* Play the DVD (e.g. with Xine, Ogle, Videolan, Mplayer etc).
* If your DVD plays but skips and jumps, then you probably need to enable Direct Memory Access (DMA) for the drive.
* To see if DMA is enabled, log in as root and type: "/sbin/hdparm -d <device name>" For example: "/sbin/hdparm -d /dev/hdc" It it says "using_dma = 1 (on)" it is already turned on.
* Otherwise, to enable DMA type: "/sbin/hdparm -d 1 /dev/hdc"
*If you want DMA to be enabled automatically then add the line "/sbin/hdparm -d 1 /dev/hdc" to any startup script (/etc/init.d/bootmisc.sh for example).
*Enjoy watching DVDs in Linux :-)

--
The links for /etc/apt/sources.list appear to be incorrect.

The right links are:
deb <nowiki>http://download.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian</nowiki> $(ARCH)/
deb-src <nowiki>http://download.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian</nowiki> sources/

====Q: I've installed Knoppix to my HD and default language and keyboard setting is German. How do I change to US English? I've changed KDE by fumbling through what I remembered of KDE Control Center. The keyboard is still in German with some of the keys in different places.====

A: Right click on the German flag in the system tray of the taskbar, and choose configure from the menu and set the keyboard to the layout you want to use.

Alternatively, you can use KMenu > Settings > Control Panel > Regional & Accessibility > Country/ Region & Language > Locale > Country: "C - Default", Keyboard: English: US That does it for KDE.

For the rest of the system, as root, type '''dpkg-reconfigure locales'''. The first page is a list of fonts(?), press Tab then Enter to skip it. The second page asks "Which locale should be the default in the system environment?" -- choose one of the en_US options. ISO-8859-15 is nice
(it includes the Euro), although there is nothing wrong
with ISO-8859-1 (aka Latin1).

====Q: I've set the default language and keyboard in KDE, but some pages in Mozilla still come up in German instead of English. How do I fix this?====

A1: In Mozilla, under Edit > Preferences... and check on Language. On the right-hand side of the page you'll see that German is preferred over English in multi-lingual pages. Move English up and it will be the preferred language.

A2: In Firefox, select Edit > Preferences. Click the Advanced button, the General tab, then the Edit Languages button. As above, move a line marked "English" to the top.

====Q: I think about using Knoppix to make Partition-Images with [http://www.partimage.org partimage] - Did anybody try this out? Thanks in advance! -- http://linuxwiki.de/Brüßler====

A: Yes, it works. -- [http://linuxwiki.de/PartImage LinuxWiki PartImage (in German)]

====Q: How do I save my preferences (language, UI...) at the end of my session, when booting from CD? How do I restore them?====

Go to the K-menu > KNOPPIX > Configuration and choose "save config", you can save to floppy or to an already existing partition on the harddrive. (on a windows partition is fine)

To restore it, at the "boot:" prompt type in "knoppix myconfig=scan", and it should find and restore your saved settings at boot time.

====Q: After Installed knoopix in HD with lang=es, if I remove all the user configuration files in the /home/knoppix directory, the keys "< >" of my spanish keyboard are no longer recognized in the new kde session. What is the configuration file resposible of this behaviour?====

A: Check the small flag in the bottom right corner of the screen, and you have to boot up with lang=es as a kernel parameter for it to work. (check /etc/lilo.conf)

====Q:From where does KNOPPIX start all the scripts at the bootprocess?====

A:The init scripts are located in /etc/init.d and are [[symlink]]ed to
in the /etc/rcX.d directorys in a sysV like fashion.

====Q: Where can I find where all the boot-time parameters are interpreted???====

A:You can see them in /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig script

====Q: How do I use an USB memory stick to save myconfiguration?====

A: First boot KNOPPIX with the [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/keydrive memory stick] inserted. Got to the KNOPPIX menu, Configuration, Save Configuration. When asked, choose /dev/sda1. When booting type '''knoppix myconf=scan home=scan''' at the boot prompt.

====Q: After using KNOPPIX, my Dell computer does not start!====

A: This is an issue with the Dell BIOS. Simply pull out the power cord from your computer for a few seconds, and your computer should start again. You can also try passing "apm=off" or "apm=real-mode-poweroff" to the kernel during startup. apm=real-mode-poweroff is better because it keeps other apm-features (advanced power managment) turned on.

====Q: How can I see a film with subtitles that of course I have, I think Xine is useful but I can't do it?====

A: in a console "xine name_movie.ext#subtitle:name_subtitle.ext" you have to replace .ext with the real extension

====Q: Which program do I use for word processing, spreadcheat calculations, image processing, burning, scanning, surfing, chatting...====

A: Take a look at the [http://www.eleli.de/knoppix/docs/tutorial/english Knoppix Tutorial.]

See also : * [http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2003/11/20/knoppix.html?page=2 Using and Customizing Knoppix]

====Q: How do I stop the KNOPPIX web page from appearing every time I start KNOPPIX? ====

A: here is a 4 step process to edit your start up scrips so you get a clean desktop when you start your machine.

1.Become root: in konsole, type:
sudo -s

2. Delete link to read-only x-init file on cd. type:
rm /etc/X11/Xsession.d/45xsession

3. Open the /KNOPPIX/etc/X11/Xsession.d/45xsession file in kwrite. type:
kwrite /KNOPPIX/etc/X11/Xsession.d/45xsession

3.1 In kwrite, search for:
ln $HOME/Desktop/KNOPPIX.desktop $HOME/.kde/Autostart/showindex.desktop
by clicking on the magnifying icon below the main menubar.

3.2 below the line that reads:
ln $HOME/Desktop/KNOPPIX.desktop $HOME/.kde/Autostart/showindex.desktop

and above the line that reads:
fi
, insert:
#added by gh78 --this next line removes the autostart link
rm -f $HOME/.kde/Autostart/showindex.desktop
#added by gh78 --this next line removes the knoppix intro web page from your desktop as well
rm -f $HOME/Desktop/KNOPPIX.desktop

4. Save the x-init file as /etc/X11/Xsession.d/45xsession

done.

Now when you save your configuration, the /etc folder is saved as well--and your new startup script will now start without creating those files.

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Hd Install HowTo

2006-10-10T13:05:02Z

Jacky:

====Some Background information about a Knoppix HD install====
You can install Knoppix to a hard drive, if you wish, though installation is not required for productive use. If you only want to free up your CD drive, save data, make configuration and customisations, install new software packages, and have all these changes available from session to session, you don't need to install to hard drive. Consider these [[Live CD Tips]] instead.

Knoppix is designed & intended to be used as a [http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html GNU/Linux] LiveCD and not a HD installed Linux distro. A HD installed Knoppix will give you a running [http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html GNU/Linux] system but it is not easy to support or administrate and add/remove of software is complicated and is best left to GNU/Linux experts. Examples of such issues can be found in the [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewforum.php?f=5 Hdd Install / Debian / Apt forum]. If you a new user and not a GNU/Linux expert & want a HD installed system then skip the LiveCDs and go directly to a distro designed to be installed to a HD, for example [http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/ Debian 3.1r0a (sarge)]. Feel free to ask about other distros in [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewforum.php?f=7 The Lounge] forum.

Once Knoppix is installed on a hard drive, it's no longer a Knoppix LiveCD but a Debian based GNU/Linux system. Something to note is that Debian developers/users/mentors do not consider Knoppix installed to a hard drive to truly be Debian. They will not support Knoppix users & will tell them to go to Knoppix.net for support. You can ask about alternatives to a HD install and get advice on other distros in [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewforum.php?f=7 The Lounge] forum.

knoppix-installer was written and maintained by Fabian Franz but now appears to be collaborative effort between Fabian, Klaus Knopper, and Kano of Kanotix. See [[Knoppix Installer]] for more detailed information.

====Beginning a Knoppix HD install====

'''WARNING! There is ALWAYS some risk of losing data. Please ALWAYS make sure that you have a working backup of your important data prior to experimenting with ANY new software, no matter if Windows, Linux or anything else.'''

That said, if you want to do the HD install, you should get Knoppix version 3.4 or later, preferably the most recent Knoppix release. You should make sure there is some empty space on your hard drive so you can create at least 2 Linux partitions, one for the System (minimal 3 GB, 5GB recommended) and another partition for for [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_memory Swap] ( minimal 200MB, 500MB recommended) during the installation process. It is VERY important that the swap space partition is of type "Linux Swap space" (or equivalent"). A partitioning program, qtparted, is integrated in the knoppix-installer. It is possible to resize a NTFS partition with qtparted but again there is ALWAYS some risk of losing data.

Boot off the Knoppix disc. At the KDE desktop, in the konsole command line window enter the command:
sudo knoppix-installer

In the knoppix-installer, the arrow keys move focus and space bar selects options. Be sure the root partition is among the first 4 partitions on the drive, formatted with ext2 or ext3, and is set to "active." The swap partition must be formatted with "linux-swap." Installation and subsequent booting will not continue otherwise.

''Do not use "knx-hdinstall" anymore. "knx-hdinstall" is no longer maintained, use "knoppix-installer" instead.''

====Knoppix HD Install Flash Video====
See also a [http://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=videos/knoppix1 Macromedia Flash video for installing Knoppix to the HD] made by irongeek. This Flash video is a good resource that lets the user see how a HD install is done. It is not a substitute for reading this HowTo as it does not cover the risks or the different types of HS installs.

====Types of installation====
*Debian (hd swap name user userpass rootpass host services boot)
**Prefered method of HD install.
**Just carries acpi, noapic, nosmp, pci, pnpbios and noapm forward on the kernel command line
**Allows multiple users
**Bears the closest resemblance to a "normal" debian installation.
*Knoppix (hd swap services boot)
**A copy of the liveCD on hard disk
**Works exactly as the cd based system does except apt-get can be used to add more software and the system is no longer read-only.
**DOES NOT ALLOW MULTIPLE USERS! You are automatically logged in.
**Carries kernel command line to new system (i.e. Cheat codes) except for vga, initrd and BOOT_IMAGE
*Beginner Default (hd swap name user userpass rootpass host services boot)
**Uses Knoppix Hardware detection
**Allows multiple users
** Carries kernel command line to new system (i.e. Cheat codes) except for vga, initrd and BOOT_IMAGE

The general consensus seems to be that most problems and confusion arrive with people using the knoppix or beginner type of installation. The debian type install is now the default choice & is prefered. More experienced users will probably want stay with the debian type install. Users not familiar with setting up hardware or maintaining a GNU/Linux system may not want to do a Debian style install and instead choose the beginner or knoppix types. If you choose beginner or knoppix, be aware that you are still using the auto-configuration so you can change your cheatcodes, the flip-side is that changes you may think you are making permanently will be overwritten when you reboot. It is the balance of convinience of hardware setup (especially if you change hardware) versus having a more regular installed linux (debian) system.

====Blind Installation====
It's possible to install Knoppix on a PC's hd without a monitor, see [[Hd Install Without a Monitor HowTo]]

====Updating HD installation====

You can do a

for i in $(COLUMNS=240 dpkg -l | awk '{print $2}') ; do
echo dpkg-repack --root=/KNOPPIX "$i"
done

(The following worked for me with Knoppix 3.7 2004-12-08: create a bash script and sudo sh bashscriptname)

#!/bin/bash
#
echo ""
for i in $(COLUMNS=240 dpkg -l | awk '{print $2}') ; do
echo dpkg-repack --root=/KNOPPIX "$i"
dpkg-repack --root=/KNOPPIX "$i"
mv *.deb /mnt/hdxn
done
# where hdxn is your destination partition
# for the packages (needs 700 MB free)
echo ""
read -p "Finished; press Enter to exit"
echo ""

to create packages from a running KNOPPIX CD to a writable harddisk
partition, and install/update these packages with dpkg -i.

See:

* http://freshmeat.net/projects/dpkg/
* http://www.tldp.org/LDP/linuxcookbook/html/cookbook_4.html#SEC42
* http://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/dpkg-internals/
* http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/index.en.html

Using the Knoppix repository at http://developer.linuxtag.net/knoppix/
plus the standard debian mirrors is easier, though.
See also : http://jaqque.sbih.org/kplug/apt-pinning.html

==== Installing Gnome ====
To install [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnome Gnome], you have to comment all the lines in /etc/apt/sources.list except the unstable ones. Then issue the commands as root:
apt-get update
apt-get install gnome

In order to have gnome-session working you must execute the following command and choose metacity and/or gdm:
update-alternatives --config x-window-manager

Optionally you can also install galeon, evolution, etc.
'[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gdm gdm]'''.

See also [http://wiki.debian.net/index.cgi?DebianGnome DebianWiki entry for Installing GNOME.]

[[Category: Hard drive Installation]]

Category:Hard drive Installation

2006-10-10T13:01:52Z

Jacky:

The main strength of [[Knoppix]] is its ability to be run from memory as a [[LiveCD |Live Linux CD]]. The advantage to this is that you can take the CD with you. However, some users have worked out how to install [[Knoppix]] on a [[:Category: Hard drive Installation | hard drive ]]. If you have an old small hard drive, a large hard drive, or any other drive than a CD Rom drive that [[Knoppix]] was originally intended for, then you may want to look at some of these [[:Category: Hard drive Installation | Hard drive Installation]] pages. Be cautioned, however, that because Knoppix is designed for use from a Live CD, some choices have been made that are good when running from a live CD, but do cause problems when attempting to install Knoppix to hard disk, particularly when updating and installing new software. There are many and frequent reports of things that worked fine from the CD but stopped working after a "hard disk install".

If all you want to do is free up your CD drive, save data, make configuration and customisations, install new software packages, and have all these changes available from session to session, consider these [[Live CD Tips]] before resorting to a hard disk install.

Knoppix is based on Debian, a Linux distribution that is intended for hard drive installation. When Knoppix was first released a Linux install did require a fair amount of technical knowledge; but the Debian install process has matured a lot since then. It's still not perfect, but neither is the Knoppix install. If you want a Linux system installed to your hard disk, as well as the programs that are included on Knoppix and many many others, all free, you should at least consider Debian and try installing a curent version of it rather than only installing Knoppix and not having a chance to compare Knoppix to pure Debian.

Live CD Tips

2006-10-10T12:55:16Z

Jacky:

Live CD Tips

2006-10-10T12:53:31Z

Jacky:

Knoppix FAQ

2006-10-10T12:27:33Z

Jacky: /* Categories : */

=== Knoppix FAQs ===
*Binisayang Versiyon: [[Philippine Knoppix FAQ]]
*Indonesian Version: [[Indonesian Knoppix FAQ]]
*German Version: [[Deutsch Knoppix FAQ]]
*Spanish Version: [[Spanish_Knoppix_FAQ]]

----
==== Categories : ====

*[[General FAQ]] - who, what, why etc

*[[Downloading FAQ]] - Downloading and burning Knoppix

*[[Using FAQ]] - Using Knoppix

*[[Hardware FAQ]] - Hardware support and using [[Cheat Codes]]

*[[Install FAQ]] - Installing Knoppix

*[[Hard Drive Install FAQ]] - Configuring Knoppix after install. (ie. dual boot, sound problems, etc..)

*[[Language, Locale & Keyboard settings FAQ]]

*[[Live CD Tips]] - Stretching the Live CD without the need for a Hard Disk Install

*[[Customizing FAQ]] - Customising knoppix by remastering

*[[Rescue FAQ]] - Using Knoppix as a rescue disk (File System Supported?? ntfs)

*[[Samba Quick FAQ]] - read Knoppix filesystem from windows

*[[Network FAQ]] - Network and Dialin configuration (ETH, ISDN, ADSL, etc...)

*[[PXE FAQ]] - How to use the network boot feature (terminal server) on Knoppix.

*[[New Questions FAQ]] - Add new questions, answers or move them to the real FAQ

*[[FTP FAQ]] - How to use FTP/ssh

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Dpkg

2006-10-09T08:51:42Z

Jacky:

This is the "canonical" or "official" utility/command for managing [[Deb files or Debian Packages]]. It is one of several [[package]] management utilities available in Knoppix. Dpkg can be used to install, uninstall or view information about .deb or Debian packages.

Instructions for using dpkg may be found by typing "man dpkg" at a console. The manual can also be found online at various places such as: [http://http://linuxreviews.org/man/dpkg/ man dpkg]. Like any versatile Linux utility, the manual is very, very long, and dpkg has many, many options. The examples below show typical uses of dpkg within Knoppix.

=='''To install a .deb package'''==

*To install a .deb package, superuser or root privileges are needed. Open a Knoppix console and type either of the commands below:

sudo dpkg -i packagename
sudo dpkg --install packagename

*This next example shows a command to force an install, ignoring dependencies and other problems:

sudo dpkg --install --force-all packagename

In this case, dpkg will install the package while printing a lot of error messages. In general, forcing an install is not a wise thing to do. A package which has been force-installed without its dependencies is said to be "broken". Broken packages may lead to instability. Package management tools such as [[synaptic]] will refuse to work further until they are allow to fix the broken package. So why would you resort to a [[force-install]]?

=='''To unistall a .deb package'''==

*To uninstall a .deb package, also needs superuser or root privileges. Open a console and type either of these commands:

su dpkg -r packagename
su dpkg --remove packagename

*The above leaves behind configuration files. To totally purge everything from your system including configuration files, use either of these commands:

su dpkg -P packagename
su dpkg --purge packagename

=='''Other uses of dpkg'''==

*To list all the files in a [[package]]
dpkg -L packagename
*To install a package of a particular release ( assuming it's in your sources.list ).
apt-get install -t unstable packagename
*Tells the status (hold, purge etc..) of the package.
dpkg --get-selections <package name>
*To show anything in database with the package name.
dpkg -l ¦ grep <package name>
*To deinstall the package with all configuration files.
dpkg --purge <package name>
*To save or edit your packages status use
dpkg --get-selections > current''selections.txt
re-directs your packages to the file, to restore list
dpkg --set-selections < current''selections.txt
then
apt-get update
to refresh then
apt-get upgrade
to make the changes , also can be used to keep your current settings on any install just restore the list to the new install and
apt-get update
and upgrade or dist-upgrade and you will have the same software packages on the new install.
*To put a package on hold
echo packagename hold | dpkg --set-selections
* To take a package off hold
echo packagename install | dpkg --set-selections
*To list the version of an installed package
apt-cache policy packagename | grep Installed
*To list packages containing a certain string in its package name, version or description
COLUMNS=120 dpkg -l | grep string

[[Category:Useful Linux Commands]]

Deb files or Debian Packages

2006-10-09T08:06:10Z

Jacky:

=='''What is a .deb file?'''==

In the Debian Linux distribution (on which Knoppix is based), software is commonly distributed in the form of Debian packages with the .deb file extension. A Debian package is a single file archive which contains the files related to installing a particular program. Also included in the Debian package is a control file which lists what additional Debian packages need to be installed in order to get the program to run. These additional packages are commonly also .deb and are called "dependencies". For more information on the Debian package management system please see: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deb_%28file_format%29 Deb file format].

Because Knoppix is based on Linux, it is possible to download and use .deb files as in order to install new programs into Knoppix.

=='''What you should beware of'''==

''Debian versions and Knoppix''

Debian comes in several versions or releases:

*Stable - presently codenamed Sarge
*Testing - presently codenamed Etch
*Unstable - codenames Sid

Packages for one version are usually not compatible or usable in another version. An attempt to install a package from one version into a system based on another version may lead to instability or crashes.

Knoppix uses a delicately balanced mixture of packages from all three versions, plus packages from Debian-experimental and other unofficial sources. They have been tested to ensure that they work together.

However when you download and install a Debian package and add it to Knoppix, you have no idea which version of .deb is suitable. Even if you successfully install a .deb package plus all its dependencies, it does not mean that there will be no problems later.

In general, a single stand-alone application package with no dependencies (other than those already included in Knoppix) will install and run successfully if you pick the .deb from the "Testing" or "Unstable" version.

If, on the other hand, the .deb calls for installing or updating a lot of dependencies including big components such as kde libraries, then problems are almost certainly going to occur and Knoppix is going to "break". This is the cause of many hard-disk install problems.

''Dependency Hell''

Some Debian pacakges will require you to install other Debian packages before they themselves can be installed. These other pacakges ("dependencies") may in turn have further dependencies. The tedium of manually downloading more and more packages in order to satisfy all the dependencies is sometimes called descending into "dependency hell".

There are utilities such as [[apt-get]] which can automate the process of gathering all dependencies. However, often, by the time all the dependencies are gathered, so much may have changed that the delicate balance of Knoppix is upset and Knoppix may "break".

=='''Installing a .deb package'''==

''Using the GUI''

In Knoppix, if you have the downloaded the .deb file onto the desktop or are viewing the file from konqueror, clicking on the icon will launch the package manager called kpackage. Click install. If everything works, you will see "Result=0".

If there is a problem, you will get "Result=1" and kpackage will describe the problem, such as listing what dependencies are missing and need to be installed first.

''Using the Command-line''

Please see here: [[dpkg]] for information on how to use the dpkg command at the command-line to handle .deb files

''Automating the Gathering of Dependencies''

See [[apt-get]] and [[synaptic]].

[[Category:Useful Linux Commands]]

Deb files or Debian Packages

2006-10-09T07:44:35Z

Jacky:

===='''What is a .deb file?'''====

In the Debian Linux distribution (on which Knoppix is based), software is commonly distributed in the form of Debian packages with the .deb file extension. A Debian package is a single file archive which contains the files related to installing a particular program. Also included in the Debian package is a control file which lists what additional Debian packages need to be installed in order to get the program to run. These additional packages are commonly also .deb and are called "dependencies". For more information on the Debian package management system please see: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deb_%28file_format%29 Deb file format].

Because Knoppix is based on Linux, it is possible to download and use .deb files as in order to install new programs into Knoppix.

===What you should beware of===

====Debian versions and Knoppix====

Debian comes in several versions or releases:

*Stable - presently codenamed Sarge
*Testing - presently codenamed Etch
*Unstable - codenames Sid

Packages for one version are usually not compatible or usable in another version. An attempt to install a package from one version into a system based on another version may lead to instability or crashes.

Knoppix uses a delicately balanced mixture of packages from all three versions, plus packages from Debian-experimental and other unofficial sources. They have been tested to ensure that they work together.

However when you download and install a Debian package and add it to Knoppix, you have no idea which version of .deb is suitable. Even if you successfully install a .deb package plus all its dependencies, it does not mean that there will be no problems later.

In general, a single stand-alone application package with no dependencies (other than those already included in Knoppix) will install and run successfully if you pick the .deb from the "Testing" or "Unstable" version.

If, on the other hand, the .deb calls for installing or updating a lot of dependencies including big components such as kde libraries, then problems are almost certainly going to occur and Knoppix is going to "break". This is the cause of many hard-disk install problems.

====Dependency Hell====

Some Debian pacakges will require you to install other Debian packages before they themselves can be installed. These other pacakges ("dependencies") may in turn have further dependencies. The tedium of manually downloading more and more packages in order to satisfy all the dependencies is sometimes called descending into "dependency hell".

There are utilities such as [apt-get] which can automate the process of gathering all dependencies. However, often, by the time all the dependencies are gathered, so much may have changed that the delicate balance of Knoppix is upset and Knoppix may "break".

===Installing a .deb package===

====Using the GUI====

In Knoppix, if you have the downloaded the .deb file onto the desktop or are viewing the file from konqueror, clicking on the icon will launch the package manager called kpackage. Click install. If everything works, you will see "Result=0".

If there is a problem, you will get "Result=1" and kpackage will describe the problem, such as listing what dependencies are missing and need to be installed first.

====Using the Command-line====

Please see here: [[dpkg]] for information on how to use the dpkg command at the command-line.

[[Category:Useful Linux Commands]]

Deb files or Debian Packages

2006-10-09T07:36:35Z

Jacky:

=='''What is a .deb file?'''==

In the Debian Linux distribution (on which Knoppix is based), software is commonly distributed in the form of Debian packages with the .deb file extension. A Debian package is a single file archive which contains the files related to installing a particular program. Also included in the Debian package is a control file which lists what additional Debian packages need to be installed in order to get the program to run. These additional packages are commonly also .deb and are called "dependencies". For more information on the Debian package management system please see: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deb_%28file_format%29 Deb file format].

Because Knoppix is based on Linux, it is possible to download and use .deb files as in order to install new programs into Knoppix.

=='''What you should beware of'''==

'''Debian versions and Knoppix'''

Debian comes in several versions or releases:

*Stable - presently codenamed Sarge
*Testing - presently codenamed Etch
*Unstable - codenames Sid

Packages for one version are usually not compatible or usable in another version. An attempt to install a package from one version into a system based on another version may lead to instability or crashes.

Knoppix uses a delicately balanced mixture of packages from all three versions, plus packages from Debian-experimental and other unofficial sources. They have been tested to ensure that they work together.

However when you download and install a Debian package and add it to Knoppix, you have no idea which version of .deb is suitable. Even if you successfully install a .deb package plus all its dependencies, it does not mean that there will be no problems later.

In general, a single stand-alone application package with no dependencies (other than those already included in Knoppix) will install and run successfully if you pick the .deb from the "Testing" or "Unstable" version.

If, on the other hand, the .deb calls for installing or updating a lot of dependencies including big components such as kde libraries, then problems are almost certainly going to occur and Knoppix is going to "break". This is the cause of many hard-disk install problems.

'''Dependency Hell'''

Some Debian pacakges will require you to install other Debian packages before they themselves can be installed. These other pacakges ("dependencies") may in turn have further dependencies. The tedium of manually downloading more and more packages in order to satisfy all the dependencies is sometimes called descending into "dependency hell".

There are utilities such as [apt-get] which can automate the process of gathering all dependencies. However, often, by the time all the dependencies are gathered, so much may have changed that the delicate balance of Knoppix is upset and Knoppix may "break".

=='''Installing a .deb package'''==

'''Using the GUI'''

In Knoppix, if you have the downloaded the .deb file onto the desktop or are viewing the file from konqueror, clicking on the icon will launch the package manager called kpackage. Click install. If everything works, you will see "Result=0".

If there is a problem, you will get "Result=1" and kpackage will describe the problem, such as listing what dependencies are missing and need to be installed first.

'''Using the Command-line'''

Please see here: [[dpkg]] for information on how to use the dpkg command at the command-line.

Deb files or Debian Packages

2006-10-09T06:20:57Z

Jacky:

Dpkg

2006-10-09T05:23:07Z

Jacky:

This is the "canonical" or "official" utility/command for managing [[Deb files or Debian Packages]].

[[package]]
----
*To list all the files in a [[package]]
dpkg -L packagename
*To install a package of a particular release ( assuming it's in your sources.list ).
apt-get install -t unstable packagename
*Tells the status (hold, purge etc..) of the package.
dpkg --get-selections <package name>
*To show anything in database with the package name.
dpkg -l ¦ grep <package name>
*To deinstall the package with all configuration files.
dpkg --purge <package name>
*To save or edit your packages status use
dpkg --get-selections > current''selections.txt
re-directs your packages to the file, to restore list
dpkg --set-selections < current''selections.txt
then
apt-get update
to refresh then
apt-get upgrade
to make the changes , also can be used to keep your current settings on any install just restore the list to the new install and
apt-get update
and upgrade or dist-upgrade and you will have the same software packages on the new install.
*To put a package on hold
echo packagename hold | dpkg --set-selections
* To take a package off hold
echo packagename install | dpkg --set-selections
*To list the version of an installed package
apt-cache policy packagename | grep Installed
*To list packages containing a certain string in its package name, version or description
COLUMNS=120 dpkg -l | grep string

[[Category:Useful Linux Commands]]

Tar

2006-10-09T01:31:04Z

Jacky:

== '''What is tar?''' ==

In computing, [[tar]] is a type of packing file format: the '''Tape ARchive''' format. It is used widely in the Unix-like world (including Linux). More recently it is being used in Microsoft Windows alongside the more familiar formats such as zip. Tar is used to accumulate a large collection of files into a single archive file (packer), while preserving filesystem information such as user/group, permissions, date, and directory structure. Tar does not support compression by itself but can seamlessly use compression through other compression utilities.

A tar file (called a "tarball") that is subsequently compressed using [[gzip]] usually has an extension of '''.tar.gz''' (.tar being the tar file, .gz being added by gzip). Due to the limitations on file extensions on DOS, these are also sometimes called TGZ files.

A tarball that is compressed using bzip2 usually has an extension of '''.tar.bz2'''. Bzip2 is a newer utility than gzip and may sometimes produce up to 10-20% smaller files.

== '''How to Unpack a tarball?''' ==

'''Using the GUI'''

In Knoppix, you can right-click the tarball icon in the Konqueror filemanager or on the desktop. Select "extract". You have options to extract to the present location or extract to another location which you can input.

'''Using the command-line'''

The options for using tar from the command-line may be found by typing "man tar". An online manual may also be found here: [http://linux.about.com/od/commands/l/blcmdl1_tar.htm tar - Linux Command - Unix Command]. There are many, many options for tar. A typical selection of options to extract a tar archive is:

tar -xvf filename.tar

Here tar is told to extract ('x'), be verbose and provide more information about its ongoing action ('v') and to work on the filename is provided ('f').

By default tar will extract the archived files to the same location where the tarball is.

== '''Other tar utilities/Frontends found in Knoppix''' ==

(work in progress)

[[Category:Useful Linux Commands]]

Language, Locale & Keyboard settings FAQ

2006-10-07T05:05:26Z

Jacky:

====Q: How do I start Knoppix in other languages?====

A: At the boot prompt, enter a suitable LANG cheat code:

knoppix lang=ch|cn|de|da|es|fr|it|nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|us

The LANG cheat code changes the locale, which includes the language, keyboard, timezone and other local settings. For example, if you type lang=fr, Knoppix will boot in French language, with the French keyboard layout and set the French timezone, among other things.

====Q: Which languages do all two-letter codes refer to?====

A: Most of the time the LANG cheat code is a country/territory code. You may recognise it as the top-level domain country codes on the internet. This document shows you what the country codes mean: [http://www.example.comhttp://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/02iso-3166-code-lists/list-en1.html iso-3166 country codes]

====Q: Where is the complete list of language cheat codes?====

At the boot prompt, press F3 to view a list of LANG cheat codes. There is also a list on the CD. This can be found at /KNOPPIX/knoppix-cheatcodes.txt.

Note that the above lists are not complete. By looking at the autoconfig file, Knoppix will actually accept the following additional LANG cheat codes:

knoppix lang = be|bg|cz|dk|fi|hu|il|ie|ja|sl|uk

Notes:

*cs is also acceptedin place of cz (Czech)
*da is also accepted in place of dk (Denmark)
*he (Hebrew) is also accepted in place of il (Israel)
*sl means Slovenia although the country code is si
*uk means Great Britain although the country code is gb.

====Q: My cheat code was accepted, the keyboard and locale settings match the language I want but menus are still in English.====

A: Knoppix includes locale files for many places, but only a small number of language packs (which provide the text for the kde menus). For example, if you enter the cheat code lang=cn, Knoppix will start with all the locale settings for China but menus will still be in English. The DVD edition has a much larger set of language packs. For the CD version, you can download and install additional language packs (see below).

====Q: I tried to enter a Cheat Code but the letters on the screen are not the same as what I typed. I cannot type out the correct cheat code. (Or I get a funny symbol instead of "=")====

A: Most likely you are using a different keyboard from what Knoppix is expecting. At boot time the German Knoppix version expects a German keyboard, the English version expects a US keyboard.

See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_layout keyboard layouts] for information on different keyboard layouts.

Note where the characters you want are on the US keyboard (or German keyboard if you are using the German Knoppix version) and then press the matching key. If you are having problems looking up keyboard layouts, the differences between various keyboard layouts are, typically:

*y and z: these are swapped

*= sign: for US this is the last key before backspace. For German and many continental keyboards of the QWERTZ type, this is usually shift-0.

====Q: How do I select a keyboard layout at boot time?====

A: If you are use the LANG cheat code, the keyboard will be changed to match the country or locale you selected. If you want a different keyboard setting use the keyboard and xkeyboard cheat code, for example:

knoppix lang=us keyboard=de, xkeyboard=de

====Q: How do I change the language/locale after boot?====

*From the K-menu launch Control Center.
*Go to Regional and Accessibility -> Country/Region & Language.
*Select your Country, add the language you want. You can also change the currency symbol, date format and other locale settings here.
*Click Apply. For most applications, you have to close and relaunch the application for the changes to take effect.

====Q: How do I change the keyboard layout after boot?====

*From the K-menu launch Control Center.
*Go to Regional and Accessibility -> Keyboard Layouts.
*Check Enable Keyboard Layouts if not already checked.
*Select from the list of available layouts and click Add.
*The selected Active Layouts are now in the right column. If there is more than one layout, click up and down arrows to move the layout you want to be default to the top. You can also remove layouts you do not want. Select the layout variant you want and the keyboard model if applicable.
*Click Apply.

You can see a country flag in the panel at the lower right of the screen. This represents the active keyboard that is currently in use. You can click on the flag to cycle through the various active keyboard layouts which you have selected above.

====Q: I am using the English version but still some programs launch in German!====

For some reason the default locale of the English Knoppix version is still set to de_De@euro (German) so some programs still open up in German.

Examples where this has been known to happen are: System -> File Manager - Super User Mode and Settings -> Kuser. The programs still launch in German even after though the Regional settings in the Kde Control Center are set to English.

To correct this, edit the file /etc/default/locale. Change the line LANG=de_De@euro to LANG=C or LANG=en_US.

====Q: How do I add additional languages which are not included on the CD?====

First ensure that the locale you want has been generated. Do:

dpkg-reconfigure locales

Scroll down the list and ensure the locale you want has been checked. Select OK. Knoppix may take a while to generate all the selected locales.

Next, you need to download KDE the internationalization file for the language you want from a Debian repository. These files are named kde-i18n-*, for example kde-i18n-pt is Portugese. You can do this by launching synaptic from a root shell. Reload the repository information, then search for "i18n" to view a list of available kde-i18n files. Mark for installation and then click Apply.

Alternatively, if you know the name of the file, you can also use apt-get. This is an example of how to download and install the Hungarian internationalization file:

apt-get install kde-i18n-hu

After the i18n file has been installed, launch KDE Control Center and follow the procedure in Q.7 above. The language you just installed will show up in the drop-down list of available languages. Select it and close Control Center. The KDE menus will now be in the language you want.

Note that the DVD version includes many more language packs.

====Q: How do I enable East Asian languages?====

work in progress

====Q: After setting locale and keyboard, do I have to do this every session?====

If you create a Persistent Disk Image and load it at the next boot, your settings will be reloaded and the changes you have made will still be in effect. You do not need to add the language or keyboard cheat codes or make changes in the Control Center.

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Language, Locale & Keyboard settings FAQ

2006-10-07T04:58:57Z

Jacky: /* How do I load additional languages which are not included? */

====Q: How do I start Knoppix in other languages?====

A: At the boot prompt, enter a suitable LANG cheat code:

knoppix lang=ch|cn|de|da|es|fr|it|nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|us

The LANG cheat code changes the locale, which includes the language, keyboard, timezone and other local settings. For example, if you type lang=fr, Knoppix will boot in French language, with the French keyboard layout and set the French timezone, among other things.

====Q: Which languages do all two-letter codes refer to?====

A: Most of the time the LANG cheat code is a country/territory code. You may recognise it as the top-level domain country codes on the internet. This document shows you what the country codes mean: [http://www.example.comhttp://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/02iso-3166-code-lists/list-en1.html iso-3166 country codes]

====Q: Where is the complete list of language cheat codes?====

At the boot prompt, press F3 to view a list of LANG cheat codes. There is also a list on the CD. This can be found at /KNOPPIX/knoppix-cheatcodes.txt.

Note that the above lists are not complete. By looking at the autoconfig file, Knoppix will actually accept the following additional LANG cheat codes:

knoppix lang = be|bg|cz|dk|fi|hu|il|ie|ja|sl|uk

Notes:

*cs is also acceptedin place of cz (Czech)
*da is also accepted in place of dk (Denmark)
*he (Hebrew) is also accepted in place of il (Israel)
*sl means Slovenia although the country code is si

====Q: My cheat code was accepted, the keyboard and locale settings match the language I want but, the menus are still in English.====

A: Knoppix includes locale files for many places, but only a small number of language packs (which provide the text for the kde menus). For example, if you enter the cheat code lang=cn, Knoppix will start with all the locale settings for China but menus will still be in English. The DVD edition has a much larger set of language packs. For the CD version, you can download and install additional language packs (see below).

====Q: I tried to enter a Cheat Code but the letters on the screen are not the same as what I typed. I cannot type out the correct cheat code. (Or I get a funny symbol instead of "=")====

A: Most likely you are using a different keyboard from what Knoppix is expecting. At boot time the German Knoppix version expects a German keyboard, the English version expects a US keyboard.

See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_layout keyboard layouts] for information on different keyboard layouts.

Note where the characters you want are on the US keyboard (or German keyboard if you are using the German Knoppix version) and then press the matching key. If you are having problems looking up keyboard layouts, the differences between various keyboard layouts are, typically:

*y and z: these are swapped

*= sign: for US this is the last key before backspace. For German and many continental keyboards of the QWERTZ type, this is usually shift-0.

====Q: How do I select a keyboard layout at boot time?====

A: If you are use the LANG cheat code, the keyboard will be changed to match the country or locale you selected. If you want a different keyboard setting use the keyboard and xkeyboard cheat code, for example:

knoppix lang=us keyboard=de, xkeyboard=de

====Q: How to I change the language/locale after boot?====

*From the K-menu launch Control Center.
*Go to Regional and Accessibility -> Country/Region & Language.
*Select your Country, add the language you want. You can also change the currency symbol, date format and other locale settings here.
*Click Apply. For most applications, you have to close and relaunch the application for the changes to take effect.

====Q: How do I change the keyboard layout after boot?====

*From the K-menu launch Control Center.
*Go to Regional and Accessibility -> Keyboard Layouts.
*Check Enable Keyboard Layouts if not already checked.
*Select from the list of available layouts and click Add.
*The selected Active Layouts are now in the right column. If there is more than one layout, click up and down arrows to move the layout you want to be default to the top. You can also remove layouts you do not want. Select the layout variant you want and the keyboard model if applicable.
*Click Apply.

You can see a country flag in the panel at the lower right of the screen. This represents the active keyboard that is currently in use. You can click on the flag to cycle through the various active keyboard layouts which you have selected above.

====Q: I am using the English version but still some programs launch in German!====

For some reason the default locale of the English Knoppix version is still set to de_De@euro (German) so some programs still open up in German.

Examples where this has been known to happen are: System -> File Manager - Super User Mode and Settings -> Kuser. The programs still launch in German even after though the Regional settings in the Kde Control Center are set to English.

To correct this, edit the file /etc/default/locale. Change the line LANG=de_De@euro to LANG=C or LANG=en_US.

====How do I load additional languages which are not included?====

First ensure that the locale you want has been generated. Do:

dpkg-reconfigure locales

Scroll down the list and ensure the locale you want has been checked. Select OK. Knoppix may take a while to generate all the selected locales.

Next, you need to download KDE the internationalization file for the language you want from a Debian repository. These files are named kde-i18n-*, for example kde-i18n-pt is Portugese. You can do this by launching synaptic from a root shell. Reload the repository information, then search for "i18n" to view a list of available kde-i18n files. Mark for installation and then click Apply.

Alternatively, if you know the name of the file, you can also use apt-get. This is an example of how to download and install the Hungarian internationalization file:

apt-get install kde-i18n-hu

After the i18n file has been installed, launch KDE Control Center and follow the procedure in Q.5 above. The language you just installed will show up in the drop-down list of available languages. Select it and close Control Center. The KDE menus will now be in the language you want.

====How do I enable East Asian languages?====

work in progress

====After setting locale and keyboard, do I have to do this every session?====

If you create a Persistent Disk Image and load it at the next boot, your settings will be reloaded and the changes you have made will still be in effect. You do not need to add the language or keyboard cheat codes or make changes in the Control Center.

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Language, Locale & Keyboard settings FAQ

2006-10-07T04:14:44Z

Jacky:

Language, Locale & Keyboard settings FAQ

2006-10-07T04:04:12Z

Jacky:

==Q: How do I start Knoppix in other languages?==

A: At the boot prompt, enter a suitable LANG cheat code:

knoppix lang=ch|cn|de|da|es|fr|it|nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|us

The LANG cheat code changes the locale, which includes the language, keyboard, timezone and other local settings. For example, if you type lang=fr, Knoppix will boot in French language, with the French keyboard layout and set the French timezone, among other things.

==Q: Which languages do all two-letter codes refer to?==

A: Most of the time the LANG cheat code is a country/territory code. You may recognise it as the top-level domain country codes on the internet. This document shows you what the country codes mean: [http://www.example.comhttp://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/02iso-3166-code-lists/list-en1.html iso-3166 country codes]

==Q: Where is the complete list of language cheat codes?==

At the boot prompt, press F3 to view a list of LANG cheat codes. There is also a list on the CD. This can be found at /KNOPPIX/knoppix-cheatcodes.txt.

Note that the above lists are not complete. By looking at the autoconfig file, Knoppix will actually accept the following additional LANG cheat codes:

knoppix lang = be|bg|cz|dk|fi|hu|il|ie|ja|sl|uk

Notes:

*cs is also acceptedin place of cz (Czech)
*da is also accepted in place of dk (Denmark)
*he (Hebrew) is also accepted in place of il (Israel)
*sl means Slovenia although the country code is si

==Q: My cheat code was accepted, the keyboard and locale settings match the language I want but, the menus are still in English.==

A: Knoppix includes locale files for many places, but only a small number of language packs (which provide the text for the kde menus). For example, if you enter the cheat code lang=cn, Knoppix will start with all the locale settings for China but menus will still be in English. The DVD edition has a much larger set of language packs. For the CD version, you can download and install additional language packs (see below).

==Q: I tried to enter a Cheat Code but the letters on the screen are not the same as what I typed. I cannot type out the correct cheat code. (Or I get a funny symbol instead of "=")==

A: Most likely you are using a different keyboard from what Knoppix is expecting. At boot time the German Knoppix version expects a German keyboard, the English version expects a US keyboard.

See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_layout keyboard layouts] for information on different keyboard layouts.

Note where the characters you want are on the US keyboard (or German keyboard if you are using the German Knoppix version) and then press the matching key. If you are having problems looking up keyboard layouts, the differences between various keyboard layouts are, typically:

*y and z: these are swapped

*= sign: for US this is the last key before backspace. For German and many continental keyboards of the QWERTZ type, this is usually shift-0.

==Q: How do I select a keyboard layout at boot time?==

A: If you are use the LANG cheat code, the keyboard will be changed to match the country or locale you selected. If you want a different keyboard setting use the keyboard and xkeyboard cheat code, for example:

knoppix lang=us keyboard=de, xkeyboard=de

==Q: How to I change the language/locale after boot?==

*From the K-menu launch Control Center.
*Go to Regional and Accessibility -> Country/Region & Language.
*Select your Country, add the language you want. You can also change the currency symbol, date format and other locale settings here.
*Click Apply. For most applications, you have to close and relaunch the application for the changes to take effect.

==Q: How do I change the keyboard layout after boot?==

*From the K-menu launch Control Center.
*Go to Regional and Accessibility -> Keyboard Layouts.
*Check Enable Keyboard Layouts if not already checked.
*Select from the list of available layouts and click Add.
*The selected Active Layouts are now in the right column. If there is more than one layout, click up and down arrows to move the layout you want to be default to the top. You can also remove layouts you do not want. Select the layout variant you want and the keyboard model if applicable.
*Click Apply.

You can see a country flag in the panel at the lower right of the screen. This represents the active keyboard that is currently in use. You can click on the flag to cycle through the various active keyboard layouts which you have selected above.

==Q: I am using the English version but still some programs launch in German!==

For some reason the default locale of the English Knoppix version is still set to de_De@euro (German) so some programs still open up in German.

Examples where this has been known to happen are: System -> File Manager - Super User Mode and Settings -> Kuser. The programs still launch in German even after though the Regional settings in the Kde Control Center are set to English.

To correct this, edit the file /etc/default/locale. Change the line LANG=de_De@euro to LANG=C or LANG=en_US.

==After having made all the locale and keyboard settings, do I have to do this every session?==

If you create a Persistent Disk Image and load it at the next boot, your settings will be reloaded and the changes you have made will still be in effect. You do not need to add the language or keyboard cheat codes or make changes in the Control Center.

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Language, Locale & Keyboard settings FAQ

2006-10-07T03:57:11Z

Jacky:

Knoppix FAQ

2006-10-07T03:29:03Z

Jacky: /* Categories : */

=== Knoppix FAQs ===
*Binisayang Versiyon: [[Philippine Knoppix FAQ]]
*Indonesian Version: [[Indonesian Knoppix FAQ]]
*German Version: [[Deutsch Knoppix FAQ]]
*Spanish Version: [[Spanish_Knoppix_FAQ]]

----
==== Categories : ====

*[[General FAQ]] - who, what, why etc

*[[Downloading FAQ]] - Downloading and burning Knoppix

*[[Using FAQ]] - Using Knoppix

*[[Hardware FAQ]] - Hardware support and using [[Cheat Codes]]

*[[Install FAQ]] - Installing Knoppix

*[[Hard Drive Install FAQ]] - Configuring Knoppix after install. (ie. dual boot, sound problems, etc..)

*[[Language, Locale & Keyboard settings FAQ]]

*[[Customizing FAQ]] - Customising knoppix by remastering

*[[Rescue FAQ]] - Using Knoppix as a rescue disk (File System Supported?? ntfs)

*[[Samba Quick FAQ]] - read Knoppix filesystem from windows

*[[Network FAQ]] - Network and Dialin configuration (ETH, ISDN, ADSL, etc...)

*[[PXE FAQ]] - How to use the network boot feature (terminal server) on Knoppix.

*[[New Questions FAQ]] - Add new questions, answers or move them to the real FAQ

*[[FTP FAQ]] - How to use FTP/ssh

[[Category : FAQ Page]]