Knoppix Documentation Wiki - User contributions [en]

Bugs/5.01CD

2006-12-03T06:42:10Z

Jacksonon:

1) The ext2 persistent home bug (ext2 partitions not recognized properly)
is still not fixed in 5.01, because of a a typo in the knoppix-autoconfig file:
wrong: ext3|ext3|reiserfs|xfs) MOUNTOPTS="$MOUNTOPTS,noatime" ;;
correct: ext2|ext3|reiserfs|xfs) MOUNTOPTS="$MOUNTOPTS,noatime" ;;
Please find a diff in here:
http://s94002264.onlinehome.us/grub/knoppix-autoconfig.diff
BTW, I found a work around fix, cf:
http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=103883#103883
Gilles van Ruymbeke

2)knoppix splash cheatcode doesn't work, it worked with 4.0.2 version.

3)difficulty to boot on some (recent) laptop: needs to use noudev and sometimes
nompcmcia to start, but Konsole failed start, complain that no tty are available.
WORKAROUND: On a PB laptop, I manage to start without passing noudev, progress bar of autoconfiguring devices don't stop but by key pressing [CTRL c] twice, boot process continue.
After an HD install, need to put rt2500usb in blacklist

4)boot process is horribly slow if a pci card with rt2500 WLAN chipset is plugged
and failed on DHCP request, no problem on Cebit 5.0: card is well recognise.

5)printing impossible (report from forums.knoppix-fr.org)

6)module compilation is not possible (out of the box), have to have a look deeply
(maybe problem with header or some links to them)
Some more info: This is probably related with the Debian [http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=368544 bug #368544] as the parts missing
in the headers are those supposed to be in a newcomer linux-kbuild package

7)[INSTALL] mount with removable media,
"Please change the -u knoppix and -g knoppix in
/etc/udev/knoppix.rules, either to match the "primary user", or just
remove them."
[http://lists.debian.org/debian-knoppix/2006/06/msg00039.html Klaus KNOPPER on debian-knoppix] ML
-In: http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Bugs/5.0DVD is solved
-Number 10 ;)
Jaime Ortega (jortega)

8) CD-Burning with an external USB device is broken.
as i posted in the forum http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=24784
there are some messages from cdrecord in the k3b failure report
about missing entrys in /dev one of them about /dev/sg0 ...
i looked for what was there in 4.0.2CD and found this:
<code>
ll /dev/sg*
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 0 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg0
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 1 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg1
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 10 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg10
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 11 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg11
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 12 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg12
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 13 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg13
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 14 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg14
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 15 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg15
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 16 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg16
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 2 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg2
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 3 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg3
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 4 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg4
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 5 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg5
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 6 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg6
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 7 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg7
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 8 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg8
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 21, 9 2001-08-24 01:32 /dev/sg9
</code>
after creating /dev/sg0 with mknod ( using mknod without beeing absolutely sure
what you are doing can lead to deleting all your data on harddisk or even worse )
at least k3b simulation started working ...
i will do a real burning test later ...
:[[User:Ralph.Bremer|Ralph.Bremer]] 20:34, 5 Jul 2006 (GMT)

9) ipw2200 v1.1.1 (the one in kernel 2.6.17) relies on firmware 3.0 while
the Knoppix package ipw2200-nonfree only contain older firmwares.
Please update ipw2200-nonfree, cf
http://ipw2200.sourceforge.net/firmware.php

10) Setting the timezone does not work. KDE's time applet requires the root
password (should probably use ksudo instead).
Workaround: sudo vi /etc/timezone,
sudo cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Continent/City /etc/zoneinfo.

11) Mounting of a PCMCIA flash drive works only once. After remove/insert of the card,
the following error message appears: "mount:Gerätedatei /dev/hde1 existiert nicht" (rol).

12) Improvement: the CD and DVD editions miss the p7zip package.
If you compress a tar archive of the Knoppix root filesystem, the result
is 20% smaller than the one produced by bzip2. Definitely useful!

13) Improvement: the CD and DVD editions miss the ccache package
(102 KB install size). This compiler cache is the best way to recompile
big projects (like the Linux kernel) in a much faster way.

14) To use SD cards it currently is necessary to manually ''modprobe mmc_block''.

15) Improvement: If possible include new ''ipw3945'' WLAN module.

16) I use a working CD (tested on other computers). On my computer, Knoppix stops
with the message "can't find KNOPPIX filesystem, sorry, dropping you to a (very
limited) shell..", just as the bug 15 of Knoppix 5.0DVD. Anyway the boot option
nodma does not make things work. I have found no workaround. I have got a SATA
CDROM/DVD drive (Plextor 712SA).
16b?) Can't burn, and DVD-reader access are very slow on laptop with ICH6 SATA controler
Workaround (after HD install):

''echo "options libata atapi_enabled=1" > /etc/modprobe.d/libata''

''mkinitramfs -o /boot/initrd.img-2.6.17-test''

Then modify your boot config (/boot/grub/menu.lst for grub) to adapt your initrd like:
''initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.17-test''

And add to your kernel options (append):

''ide1=noprobe''

17) X won't work on some systems when using Knoppix CD 5 or Knoppix CD 4.
Tried on five different systems, three notebooks, two desktop systems,
but xorg's X failed to start and complained about missing files. Integrity
of CD tested and okay.

18) In KNOPPIX_V5.0.1CD-2006-06-01-DE.iso (MD5 checked OK) *boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin
is corrupt or hash is wrong in md5sums file.

19) Apache2 returns "Partial Content" when accessing a local (127.0.0.1) page.
Small files works, larger files (> Mtu ??) not.
See http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=25639

20)(may be the same as 1): Knoppix 5.0.1, English CD download, failed to mount the hard drives on a Dell Dimension 5100, which has a second SATA hard drive installed for backup. It worked fine if I disabled the second hard drive from the BIOS setup.
James Wimberley 9/10/2006

21) (same as 3): Knoppix 5.0.1, English CD download, failed to boot on an HP Pavilion zv5120us laptop, unmodified except for extra memory. The hangup was on the fourth line, "looking for CD in /dev/hdc". Knoppix 4.0 boots fine on the same machine. The copy of 5.0.1 should be OK as it boots on the Dell, see 20.
James Wimberley 9/10/2006

22) The !cal command does not work in a continuous manner. In fact it works about
40% - 60% of the time when done consecutively. !ls and !top work without issue, but
there seems to be a glitch in the !cal command when using the Knoppix 5.0.1 CD.

23) Notebook IBM Thinkpad T40: ipw2200 does not work due wlan-card firmware upload failure.

24) The persistent home bug: i have hdd with 2 partitions (hda1 - ntfs, hda5 - fat32). if on both partitions file knoppix.img exists, but on hda1 this file is broken(all zero) - then i can't use /dev/hda5/knoppix.img too due knoppix-autoconfig error: wenn one file was found, but broken, script will skip all other knoppix.img.

25) in autoconfig-script es is not enough fehler messages (knoppix-image: no message by broken(zero) file knoppix.img)

26) the KDE internet modem dialer, 'kppp', appears to be broken,
and can't find my serial modem, even when running as root.
A partial solution is to use the ?debian? 'pon' , 'pof' and 'pppconfig' scripts
from the shell. --[[User:gh78|gh78]]

26) The touchpad bugs are still there.
Double clicks and 'dragging' don't register on my dell latitude touchpad.
The solution is to pass 'psmouse.proto=imps' to the kernel.
This can be done at the CD cheatcode prompt.
It would be nice if it was programmed in by default. --[[User:gh78|gh78]]

27) Running '/etc/init.d/ssh stop' doesn't seem to actually stop sshd. I have to kill the process manually to stop the ssh server.

[[Category:Bug Pages]]

Rescue FAQ

2006-08-01T11:32:31Z

Jacksonon: /* Q: I forgot my password for an installed Windows/Linux!? */

-German Version: [[Rescue FAQ Deutsch]]

-Versión en español : [[Rescate FAQ]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]
----
Knoppix is a great rescue disc too. You can repair Linux or that other OS, backup data, recover passwords, etc. The following solutions assume that you have booted
Knoppix on the machine that needs to be repaired.

==== Q: I need to get into my Debian system to update some packages as my system is unable to boot! How do I do that? ====
A: Boot with the Knoppix CD and mount that partition using the Knoppix root shell. For example:
*'''mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1
*'''chroot /mnt/hda1
Gives you a root shell back in your old system! Now get the resolved and updated packages [http://www.debian.org/distrib/packages] and dpkg -install them to fix the previous show stopping packages.

==== Q: My other Linux install is broken and I want to reinstall LILO. ====
A: Mount that partition and run LILO as root:
*e.g. '''mount -o dev /mnt/hda1''', if its already mounted, you'll have to clear the "nodev" flag: '''sudo mount -o remount,dev /mnt/hda1'''.
*Enter that directory as root and run lilo: '''chroot /mnt/hda1 lilo'''.

==== Q: Ok, I've booted Knoppix, now how do I rescue the data? ====
A1: See [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/knoppix/ Computer First Aid Using Knoppix],
[http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-knopx.html?ca=dgr-lnxw01-obg-SysRecover System Recovery] and
[http://www.greenfly.org/talks/knoppix/rescue-oscon05.html OSCON 2005-08-04 System Rescue with Knoppix].

A2: One of the best ways to recover your files is to plug in a USB drive of some sort.
* When the desktop loads, you will see at least two hard drive icons on the desktop (one for your hard drive and one for the USB drive).
* Click on the hard drive icons to open them up and figure out which drive is which.
* Right-click the USB drive icon and choose "Actions > Change read/write mode" so you can write to the drive (it's read-only by default for security reasons).
* Now find the files you want to back up and drag and drop them to the USB drive. When you are finished, shut down the system and remove the USB drive.

A3: If you have a CD burner installed (in addition to the drive that you booted Knoppix from), use one of the various tools on Knoppix to create a CD. If you have 1 gig of memory you can use the toram "cheat code" so that you will not need to keep the CD in the drive if you only have one CD drive. See the wiki section on [[Cheat Codes]] for more details on how to use toram and other cheat codes.

A4: If you want to backup over the network, you can use NFS, Samba (windows share), scp (ssh copy), FTP, email or more.
One method, using two networked machines on knoppix is as follows:
boot knoppix on both machines (the "broken" machine and the target machine), start ssh server on the target machine, "kmenu->KNOPPIX->Servers->SSH Server", mount a device with sufficient space in read/write mode (note: NTFS does not currently support read/write). Then you can use scp to move the data from the broken machine to the target machine (in this example, the target machine has an IP address of 192.168.1.1). On the "broken" box (get a root shell) issue a command '''scp -r /mnt/hda1/importantdata/ knoppix@192.168.1.1:/mnt/hda1/backup/''' this will copy an entire directory (recursively) to the target machine.

A5: If you don't have a USB device that you can use or another local system to transfer files to, you can send the files to an Internet site (although your Internet connection will be slower than a local transfer). You may be able to e-mail them to yourself. You may be able to save them on FTP or web space that your ISP provides. Or you can use any of a number of Internet sites that offer Free temporary storage of large files. One such site it yousendit.com, although there are others. Also, Google allows over 2 gigs of storage for Gmail users (although the size of a single file is somewhat limited).

A6: For some users the most simple solution is to stick another disk drive in the case and format it with a FAT32 partition. Or add a second CD or DVD drive.

==== Q: I'd like to backup/restore the MBR. ====
A:
*To backup use:
**'''sudo dd if=/dev/hda of=mbr.backup bs=512 count=1'''
*To restore use:
**'''sudo dd of=/dev/hda if=mbr.backup bs=512 count=1'''

'''Caution''' the MBR contains the partition table (the first four primary entries) it will break things if you changed the partition since the backup.

If you do not want to restore the partition table you should use '''sudo dd of=/dev/hda if=mbr.backup bs=1 count=448''' instead. This will write only the first 448 bytes of the MBR leaving the last 64 bytes intact (4 partition table entries * 16 bytes/entry).

Be warned that you '''may''' not be able to boot from this disk if you changed the partition table after the backup of the MBR, depending on the actual boot loader .

==== Q: I forgot my password for an installed Windows/Linux!? ====
Linux A1: You can change password by chrooting into installed linux and running passwd. You may need to mount your linux read-write:
*'''mount -o remount,rw /dev/hd.. /mnt/hd..
*'''chroot /mnt/hd..
*'''passwd root

Linux A2: Delete the password hash from shadow:
*edit the '''/etc/shadow''' file on your drive with any text editor (e.g. '''vi /mnt/hd../etc/shadow''')
*remove the password hash (contents of the second field) for root; e.g.
:root:dsfDSDF!s:12581:0:99999:7:::
:to
:root::12581:0:99999:7:::
*your root password should now be blank
*See [http://linuxgazette.net/107/tomar.html How to reset forgotten root passwords] for more information.

Windows: use the [http://home.eunet.no/~pnordahl/ntpasswd/ Offline NT Password & Registry Editor] instead to reset it.

==== Q: The other Linux/*nix box does not work correctly, but im sure the network is functional. ====
A: try "ssh" and/or "telnet" to log in on that remote box. you'll need to know a password, but after that you can use the shell to repair the box.

==== Q: Rescuing knoppix with knoppix :-) "I am a new user to linux and i just installed KNOPPIX on one partition, but then i installed windows 98 on another partition and now i can't get lilo to come back.... how do i make it so lilo will come back" ====

A:
*boot from floppy
**You can boot the system with the boot floppy you got when you installed Knoppix on HDD.
**Then edit the file /etc/lilo.conf . After that start "lilo" as root.
*boot from CD
**Boot the CD and type "knoppix 2" (see [[Cheat Codes]]). This will start knoppix into the shell/commandline.
**Mount your root partition '''mount /dev/hda1 /mnt''', edit /mnt/etc/lilo.conf (insert your windows partition),
**Change root to your hd install: ''' chroot /mnt/hda1''' (substitute hda1 for your hd install partition)
*and execute lilo: '''lilo -v'''

==== Q: How do I load Windows (aka Samba) shares from Knoppix? ====
A: There are several ways but the easiest is probably:
*Go into Konqueror, Go up to the Location bar and Type the host information in the format: ''[smb://HOST/SHARE'']
*Three handy utilities to scan the network if you forget the HOST, are [[Lin Neighborhood]] (for versions released on or later than 2003-04-18), xSMBrowser (for 3.2 versions released before 2003-04-18) or Komba2 (for earlier versions) which is listed in the menus.

==== Q: Are there any utilities on the knoppix disk to conveniently manage partitions, e.g. Disk Drake? ====
A: Tried '''parted''' ? [http://www.gnu.org/software/parted/] [http://www.knoppix.net/search?q=parted&submit=Go]

A2: For resizing Windows XP/W2K/W2K3/NT4/Longhorn NTFS, Solution 2 in the
ntfsresize FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) at
[http://mlf.linux.rulez.org/mlf/ezaz/ntfsresize.html#example]
works well. Ntfsresize version 1.9.0 can even cope with fragmented partitions successfully.
For backup of a partition, Partition Image and ntfsclone are great!
[http://www.partimage.org/doc/index-3.html]

A3: Knoppix also includes a graphical partition utility, QTParted, which is compatible with ntfsresize.

==== Q: How do I setup swap? ====
A: On machines with small RAM you would want to have a swap file when running knoppix from CD. You can create a swap file on your partition, register it in /etc/fstab and turn swap on. Choose a mounted partition which has enough free space, for the purpose of this example let it be /mnt/hda1
*Create a linear file: '''dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/hda1/swapfile bs=1024 count=65536''' for a 64Mb swap file
*Add the swap partition tables: '''mkswap /mnt/hda1/swapfile'''
*Register the file in /etc/fstab: as root add a line '''/mnt/hda1/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0'''
*Turn swapping on: run '''swapon -a''' as root
*Check that the swap file appears in /proc/swaps
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]] .

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Rescue FAQ

2006-07-29T08:05:41Z

Jacksonon: /* Q: I forgot my password for an installed Windows/Linux!? */

-German Version: [[Rescue FAQ Deutsch]]

-Versión en español : [[Rescate FAQ]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]
----
Knoppix is a great rescue disc too. You can repair Linux or that other OS, backup data, recover passwords, etc. The following solutions assume that you have booted
Knoppix on the machine that needs to be repaired.

==== Q: I need to get into my Debian system to update some packages as my system is unable to boot! How do I do that? ====
A: Boot with the Knoppix CD and mount that partition using the Knoppix root shell. For example:
*'''mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1
*'''chroot /mnt/hda1
Gives you a root shell back in your old system! Now get the resolved and updated packages [http://www.debian.org/distrib/packages] and dpkg -install them to fix the previous show stopping packages.

==== Q: My other Linux install is broken and I want to reinstall LILO. ====
A: Mount that partition and run LILO as root:
*e.g. '''mount -o dev /mnt/hda1''', if its already mounted, you'll have to clear the "nodev" flag: '''sudo mount -o remount,dev /mnt/hda1'''.
*Enter that directory as root and run lilo: '''chroot /mnt/hda1 lilo'''.

==== Q: Ok, I've booted Knoppix, now how do I rescue the data? ====
A1: See [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/knoppix/ Computer First Aid Using Knoppix],
[http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-knopx.html?ca=dgr-lnxw01-obg-SysRecover System Recovery] and
[http://www.greenfly.org/talks/knoppix/rescue-oscon05.html OSCON 2005-08-04 System Rescue with Knoppix].

A2: One of the best ways to recover your files is to plug in a USB drive of some sort.
* When the desktop loads, you will see at least two hard drive icons on the desktop (one for your hard drive and one for the USB drive).
* Click on the hard drive icons to open them up and figure out which drive is which.
* Right-click the USB drive icon and choose "Actions > Change read/write mode" so you can write to the drive (it's read-only by default for security reasons).
* Now find the files you want to back up and drag and drop them to the USB drive. When you are finished, shut down the system and remove the USB drive.

A3: If you have a CD burner installed (in addition to the drive that you booted Knoppix from), use one of the various tools on Knoppix to create a CD. If you have 1 gig of memory you can use the toram "cheat code" so that you will not need to keep the CD in the drive if you only have one CD drive. See the wiki section on [[Cheat Codes]] for more details on how to use toram and other cheat codes.

A4: If you want to backup over the network, you can use NFS, Samba (windows share), scp (ssh copy), FTP, email or more.
One method, using two networked machines on knoppix is as follows:
boot knoppix on both machines (the "broken" machine and the target machine), start ssh server on the target machine, "kmenu->KNOPPIX->Servers->SSH Server", mount a device with sufficient space in read/write mode (note: NTFS does not currently support read/write). Then you can use scp to move the data from the broken machine to the target machine (in this example, the target machine has an IP address of 192.168.1.1). On the "broken" box (get a root shell) issue a command '''scp -r /mnt/hda1/importantdata/ knoppix@192.168.1.1:/mnt/hda1/backup/''' this will copy an entire directory (recursively) to the target machine.

A5: If you don't have a USB device that you can use or another local system to transfer files to, you can send the files to an Internet site (although your Internet connection will be slower than a local transfer). You may be able to e-mail them to yourself. You may be able to save them on FTP or web space that your ISP provides. Or you can use any of a number of Internet sites that offer Free temporary storage of large files. One such site it yousendit.com, although there are others. Also, Google allows over 2 gigs of storage for Gmail users (although the size of a single file is somewhat limited).

A6: For some users the most simple solution is to stick another disk drive in the case and format it with a FAT32 partition. Or add a second CD or DVD drive.

==== Q: I'd like to backup/restore the MBR. ====
A:
*To backup use:
**'''sudo dd if=/dev/hda of=mbr.backup bs=512 count=1'''
*To restore use:
**'''sudo dd of=/dev/hda if=mbr.backup bs=512 count=1'''

'''Caution''' the MBR contains the partition table (the first four primary entries) it will break things if you changed the partition since the backup.

If you do not want to restore the partition table you should use '''sudo dd of=/dev/hda if=mbr.backup bs=1 count=448''' instead. This will write only the first 448 bytes of the MBR leaving the last 64 bytes intact (4 partition table entries * 16 bytes/entry).

Be warned that you '''may''' not be able to boot from this disk if you changed the partition table after the backup of the MBR, depending on the actual boot loader .

==== Q: I forgot my password for an installed Windows/Linux!? ====
Linux: You can change password by chrooting into installed linux and running passwd. You may need to mount your linux read-write:
*'''mount -o remount,rw /dev/hd.. /mnt/hd..
*'''chroot /mnt/hd..
*'''passwd root

Windows: use the [http://home.eunet.no/~pnordahl/ntpasswd/ Offline NT Password & Registry Editor] instead to reset it.

==== Q: The other Linux/*nix box does not work correctly, but im sure the network is functional. ====
A: try "ssh" and/or "telnet" to log in on that remote box. you'll need to know a password, but after that you can use the shell to repair the box.

==== Q: Rescuing knoppix with knoppix :-) "I am a new user to linux and i just installed KNOPPIX on one partition, but then i installed windows 98 on another partition and now i can't get lilo to come back.... how do i make it so lilo will come back" ====

A:
*boot from floppy
**You can boot the system with the boot floppy you got when you installed Knoppix on HDD.
**Then edit the file /etc/lilo.conf . After that start "lilo" as root.
*boot from CD
**Boot the CD and type "knoppix 2" (see [[Cheat Codes]]). This will start knoppix into the shell/commandline.
**Mount your root partition '''mount /dev/hda1 /mnt''', edit /mnt/etc/lilo.conf (insert your windows partition),
**Change root to your hd install: ''' chroot /mnt/hda1''' (substitute hda1 for your hd install partition)
*and execute lilo: '''lilo -v'''

==== Q: How do I load Windows (aka Samba) shares from Knoppix? ====
A: There are several ways but the easiest is probably:
*Go into Konqueror, Go up to the Location bar and Type the host information in the format: ''[smb://HOST/SHARE'']
*Three handy utilities to scan the network if you forget the HOST, are [[Lin Neighborhood]] (for versions released on or later than 2003-04-18), xSMBrowser (for 3.2 versions released before 2003-04-18) or Komba2 (for earlier versions) which is listed in the menus.

==== Q: Are there any utilities on the knoppix disk to conveniently manage partitions, e.g. Disk Drake? ====
A: Tried '''parted''' ? [http://www.gnu.org/software/parted/] [http://www.knoppix.net/search?q=parted&submit=Go]

A2: For resizing Windows XP/W2K/W2K3/NT4/Longhorn NTFS, Solution 2 in the
ntfsresize FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) at
[http://mlf.linux.rulez.org/mlf/ezaz/ntfsresize.html#example]
works well. Ntfsresize version 1.9.0 can even cope with fragmented partitions successfully.
For backup of a partition, Partition Image and ntfsclone are great!
[http://www.partimage.org/doc/index-3.html]

A3: Knoppix also includes a graphical partition utility, QTParted, which is compatible with ntfsresize.

==== Q: How do I setup swap? ====
A: On machines with small RAM you would want to have a swap file when running knoppix from CD. You can create a swap file on your partition, register it in /etc/fstab and turn swap on. Choose a mounted partition which has enough free space, for the purpose of this example let it be /mnt/hda1
*Create a linear file: '''dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/hda1/swapfile bs=1024 count=65536''' for a 64Mb swap file
*Add the swap partition tables: '''mkswap /mnt/hda1/swapfile'''
*Register the file in /etc/fstab: as root add a line '''/mnt/hda1/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0'''
*Turn swapping on: run '''swapon -a''' as root
*Check that the swap file appears in /proc/swaps
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]] .

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Installation Ueber Netz

2006-07-07T08:08:45Z

Jacksonon: /* Klonen einer bestehenden Festplatteninstallation (egal, welches Betriebssystem) �ber Netz: */

=== Klonen einer bestehenden Festplatteninstallation (egal, welches Betriebssystem) �ber Netz: ===

Ich benutze Knoppix taeglich, um mittels der netboot-Option Rechner zu klonen. Das ist einfach und erspart es uns, fuer jedes System eine Norton-Ghost Lizenz zu kaufen.

Wir haben mehrere identisch zu konfigurierende Rechner f�r das Produkt, das wir verkaufen. Um welche davon neu einzurichten, benutze ich einen, der bereits eingerichtet ist (Master), als Knoppix Boot-Server. Die neuen Rechner, ohne Betriebssystem und Software, werden per Netzwerkkabel mit dem Master verbunden und booten vom dort laufenden Knoppix Server.

Dann f�hre ich folgende Befehle f�r jedes Gruppenmitglied durch:

*Auf dem Master-Rechner:
**2 root-Konsolen �ffnen
**xload in einem starten
**gzip -c -9 /dev/hda | nc -l -p 5030

*Auf dem Zielrechner:
**nc 192.168.0.1 5030 | gunzip > /dev/hda (192.168.0.1 ist die IP des Masters)

Wenn xload auf 0 geht, wei� ich, dass der Vorgang fertig ist. Typischerweise kann ich 2 oder 3 Clients gleichzeitig klonen.

F�r Windows-9x-Systeme f�hre ich "format c: /s" unter DOS aus und entpacke ein tar-Archiv, das ich mit Knoppix erstellt habe.

Da Knoppix die Hardware selber konfiguriert, habe ich kein Problem mit dem Erstellen von Boot-Floppies oder dem Aufbewahren solcher Floppies.

----

==== Optimierung: ====

Ich mache solche Sachen auch �fter. Das oben beschriebene funktioniert.
Schneller geht es mit folgenden Modifikationen:

*Auf dem Zielrechner erst einmal, um die IP-Nummer herauszufinden:
**ifconfig -a
*Dann
**echo Daten�bertragung l�uft | nc -v -v -l -p 5030 | gunzip ~|
**buffer -m 1m > /dev/hda
*Wenn das wartet, '''anschlie�end''' auf dem Server:
**buffer -m 1m < /dev/hda | gzip -2 | nc -v -v -w 10 192.168.0.17 5030

(Wobei f�r 192.168.0.17 die IP-Nummer des Zielrechners einzusetzen ist.)

Dieses Verfahren hat folgende Vorteile gegen�ber dem oben beschriebenen:

*Durch den Einsatz von "buffer" h�herer Durchsatz. (Man kann auch damit experimentieren, den "buffer" zwischen gzip und nc einzusetzen, oder beides.)
*Normalerweise wird "gzip -9" zum Engpass. Diese hohe Komprimierung ist �bertrieben.
*Durch das "-w 10" auf dem Server baut sich die Sache auf beiden Seiten ab, wenn alle Daten �bertragen sind. Es ist nicht n�tig, hier mit xload oder �hnlichem zu beobachten.

*H�tte ich drei Zielrechner 192.168.0.18 bis 192.168.0.20, so w�rde ich auf jedem Zielrechner dasselbe machen wie oben, danach aber auf dem Server folgendes tun:
**cd /tmp
**mknod pipe1 p; nc -v -v -w 10 192.168.0.18 5030 < pipe1 ~&
**mknod pipe2 p; nc -v -v -w 10 192.168.0.19 5030 < pipe2 ~&
**buffer -m 1m < /dev/hda | gzip -2 | buffer -m 1m ~|
**tee pipe1 | tee pipe2 | nc -v -v -w 10 192.168.0.20 5030

Der Trick hier ist, dass durch die "named pipes" die Festplatte auf dem Server nur ein mal gelesen werden muss. Dieses Verfahren st��t nicht schon bei drei Zielrechnern an seine Grenzen.

Remaster From Hd Install HowTo

2006-07-07T08:03:45Z

Jacksonon: /* Tip: Removing applications */

(posted by [[Crashed Again]] (sorry no web address); comments & additions welcome)
----

How to remaster Knoppix directly from an operating 'Knoppix type" HD install instead of from a special system accessed by chrooting into it. This allows a much easier setup and you can boot directly into the remaster and operate from it, checking and improving the system as the customization progresses. It is also less confusing, you don't have to keep track of whether or not you are in the chrooted environment.

This method also includes a second installation of a 'toHD' or 'poor mans install' as there are some operations which must be done from outside the system being remastered. This second installation provides this capability, serves as a backup system and also serves as a test bed for the final remastered compressed file system.

The toHD installation is not absolutely necessary as the Knoppix CD could be used instead but operating from the HD is faster and much more convenient. When combined with a 'persistent home' and configuration setup saved to HD, the toHD install makes a very efficient & compact operating system.

The persistent home is another knoppix feature which can be very useful in remastering. Since remastering often becomes an ongoing process, persistent home can be used to maintain consistency and retain system configuration settings throughout the process. You can even use the same persistent home for the HDinstall remaster source and the backup toHD system.

----

==== System Requirements & Setup ====

This method is applicable to Knoppix versions later than 3.3. Earlier versions do not have the provision for the required 'Knoppix style' HD installation.

Any computer capable of running Knoppix can be used for remastering provided it has enough free space on the hard drive. Approximately 6 Gig of free space is required:

*HD installed Knoppix......................................................min 2.3 Gig 
*assembled compressed file system...............................700 Meg 
*final iso file system ready to burn to CD........................700 Meg 
*combined RAM & swap space totalling 1 Gig..................500-700Meg 
*toHD Knoppix operating system.....................................700 Meg 
*Total...............................................................................6.1 Gig 

For this example we are going to assume we are starting from a HD with some form of Windows on it which will be set up for dual boot as this is probably more typical than a Linux only system. Functionally, the only difference having the Windows system actually makes is to change the partition numbers.

The recommended HD partition is as follows:

*hda1...Windows O/S....................................size as appropriate
*hda5...Knoppix HD install.............................min 2.3 Gig, 3-3.5 preferred
*hda6...new remastered isos........................min 1.5 Gig
*hda7...shared Windows/Linux data, VFAT format, all remaining space
*hda8...Linux swap......................................approx 500-700 Meg
* (swap size as needed to total 1Gig RAM + swap)

NOTE: Some Linux users add a separate partition for /home to keep their data on a separate partition from the O/S; instead of using a separate partition, put your data on hda7 & add symlinks in your /home directory to access the directories on hda7. The command for making symlinks is

'''ln -s /mnt/hda7/your''directory /home/knoppix/directory''name''' 

The HD install being remastered must be on a separate partition by itself (hda5) as the whole partition will be used as the source for creating the compressed file system.

The create compressed file system command must be run from a different operating system than the source for the compressed file system. We are going to use the toHD install for this operation.

The toHD system should preferably be installed on hda1 with a persistent home and configuration files on hda7. The reason is that Knoppix will not give write access to the partition on which the toHD system is installed. Since we must have write access to hda6 to create the compressed file system and should also have write access to the hda7 as it is our main data drive, the toHD install should go on hda1. Not having write access to hda1 is of no consequence as it contains only the Windows operating system.

If it is not possible to put the toHD system on hda1, it should go on hda7 either with no persistent home or with persistent home on its own separate partition.

----

==== Step 1: Partition the HD and install Knoppix ====

Partition the HD as above and install Knoppix as a 'Knoppix style' HD install. With Knoppix 3.3 & 3.4 the install command is:
'''sudo knoppix-installer'''
This may change for later versions of Knoppix. Put the bootloader lilo on the MBR, it will be used to boot the toHD install as well.

==== Step 2: Install the toHD system & set up to boot from lilo ====

To install, just boot Knoppix with the boot code 'knoppix tohd=/dev/hda1' at the boot prompt.

In order to boot the toHD install without requiring a boot disk, a directory /boot containing at least the minimum required files to boot Knoppix must be installed on hda1. Using the HD install on hda5, first create the directory then as root do the following:

'''For Knoppix 3.3:

The minimum files are vmlinuz and miniroot.gz which can not be directly copied from the CD, they are buried in /boot.img. To extract the files, the boot.img must first be mounted on a loop device then on an intermediate mount point (use the existing directory /mnt/floppy) from which they can be copied to hda1. For simplicity we are just going to copy all the files in the boot.img.

'''/sbin/losetup /dev/loop0 /mnt/cdrom/KNOPPIX/boot.img''' 
'''mount /dev/loop0 /mnt/floppy/''' 
'''cp /mnt/floppy/* /mnt/hda1/boot''' 

Then edit /etc/lilo.conf adding the following

'''image=/mnt/hda1/boot/vmlinuz''' 
'''label="toHDKnoppix"''' 
'''append="lang=us fromhd=/dev/hda1 home=scan myconfig=scan apm=power-off"''' 
'''initrd=/mnt/hda1/boot/miniroot.gz''' 
'''read-only''' 

(Change "lang=" as appropriate, only include the home=scan & myconfig=scan if you are using 'persistent home')

'''For Knoppix 3.4:

The required files are linux24, linux26, minirt24.gz & minirt26.gz. These are located in the directory /boot/isolinux on the CD and can be directly copied to hda1 from there. The easiest way is to just use konqueror and drag-drop the entire directory '/mnt/cdrom/isolinux' to /mnt/hda1/boot/.

Then add the following to lilo.conf:
'''image=/mnt/hda1/boot/isolinux/linux24''' 
'''label="Knoppix3.4-24"''' 
'''append="lang=us fromhd=/dev/hda1 home=scan myconfig=scan apm=power-off"''' 
'''initrd=/mnt/hda1/boot/isolinux/minirt24.gz''' 
'''read-only'''

'''image=/mnt/hda1/boot/isolinux/linux26''' 
'''label="Knoppix3.4-26"''' 
'''append="lang=us fromhd=/dev/hda1 home=scan myconfig=scan apm=power-off"''' 
'''initrd=/mnt/hda1/boot/isolinux/minirt26.gz''' 
'''read-only'''

Don't forget to run lilo to update the settings before exiting.

Now you can reboot into the toHD install, change the settings to your preferences, set up your persistent home and save your configuration settings to hda7. Persistent home doesn't have to be very large as the main data will be on hda7, /home contains primarily setup files & symlinks to hda7.

==== Step 3: Prepare hda6 to receive the remaster: ====

; First, check your file /etc/fstab. There should be a line like this : '''/dev/hda6 /mnt/hda6 vfat noauto,users,exec,umask=000,uid=knoppix,gid=knoppix 0 0'''

; as root, change it to add 'shortname=mixed' : '''/dev/hda6 /mnt/hda6 vfat shortname=mixed,auto,users,exec,umask=000,uid=knoppix,gid=knoppix 0 0'''

This is to insure that the file KNOPPIX will be named KNOPPIX, not knoppix. Since linux is case sensitive, lower case 'knoppix' will cause a 'cannot find filesystem' error on the remaster.

Make a directory which will contain the assembled remastered file system prior to creating the final iso.

'''mkdir /mnt/hda6/knx-remaster''' 

Copy everything from the CD except the big KNOPPIX filesystem to this directory

==== Step 4: Remastering Tips: ====

You are now ready to tweak the remaster into your own personal system. There is lots of information on customizing and remastering available, I am not going to go into any detail except to add the following tips.

==== Tip: Updating sources ====

'''Use 'dselect update' instead of 'apt-get update'''' 

;:dselect update' will keep the apt & deselect package lists in sync.

==== Tip: Removing applications ====

'''dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Installed-Size} ${Package}\n' | sort -n''' 

;:will list packages sorted by size.

'''deborphan | xargs apt-get -y remove''' 

;:will remove orphaned files not used by any package.

'''apt-get clean''' 

;:will remove archived .deb packages. These are no longer needed once the package has been installed.

'''Use a purgelist to remove multiple packages at once''' 

;:make up a 'purgelist' of the applications to remove then apt-get remove them all at once.

;:example purgelist :

;:3270 ace-of amanda anacron artwiz-cursor atitvout bonobo brltty chromium emacs enigma euro falconseye fetchmail fluxbox fortunes freeciv

;:Note that this is a space-separated list, all on one line and that wildcards are permitted. If you use a CR separated list and apt-get comes to an item it cannot find, it will not continue. If you use dpkg instead of apt-get you cannot use wildcards. [[Open Office]] can generate a space separated list from a CR separated by saving as filetype .csv

;:The command for using the purgelist is

'''apt-get remove `< purgelist `''' 
;:(The ` is the character under the tilde (~) key.)

;:When making up your purgelist , TEST BEFORE USING. Interwoven dependencies can create some unexpected results...for instance removing aalib* will remove the Gimp and removing libarts1 will nuke all of KDE. For all but the simplest operations, apt-get will ask for confirmation before it does anything but be safe & use 'apt-get -s remove...' first. Read through the lists and make sure of what is going to happen before actually doing it.

'''Clean up configuration files''' 

Apt-get remove <package> will remove the package but does not remove the configuration files. You can clean up the configuration files with

'''COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' | xargs dpkg -P''' 

Or you can do it all at once with

'''apt-get --purge remove <package>''' 

==== Tip: Changing the default background ====

'''cp your-favorite-image.jpg /usr/local/lib/knoppix.jpg''' 

Make it the same as your WM background and you have a nice transition from text mode to desktop.

==== Tip: Language support ====

Internationalization takes up over 5% of the Knoppix filesystem; removing uneeded language support will free up considerable filespace. Install the package 'localepurge' to remove all the language support you don't need.

'''apt-get remove kde-i18n*

will clear over 100 Meg by removing all alternate kde language support files except english. Of course if you need support for another language you will only be able to remove the ones you don't need.

==== Tip: Accidentally removing knoppix-installer ====

;:The hard drive installer package needs the lib file kdelibs4. Removing KDE by the common method of 'apt-get remove libarts1' (which will remove all of KDE) will also remove the knx-installer, so you must either reinstall it after nuking KDE or use a different method of removing KDE packages. Personally I am a KDE user so don't nuke KDE but it may still become an issue when upgrading KDE.

The package knx-installer is available from: http://debian.tu-bs.de/knoppix/installer/

==== Tip: Removing Window managers: ====

;:Boot 'Knoppix 2' if you are planning to remove your window manager; the system gets pretty confused if you remove KDE while running KDE.

==== Step 4: Cleaning Up ====

Remove the file /etc/X11/XF86Config-4. The /etc/X11/xsession.d/45xsession script will generate the correct configuration for the hardware found only if there is no existing XF86Config-4 file.

Remove any unneeded configuration files for applications you have removed from /home/knoppix. These are hidden files in your /home/knoppix directory. Check with your favorite file manager with 'show hidden files' enabled and remove any you don't need.

Transfer your /home/knoppix directory to /etc/skel if you wish to save your setup. Knoppix CD loads default settings from /etc/skel unless a persistent home is used.

'''(as root)''' 
'''cp /home/knoppix/* /etc/skel''' 
'''cp /home/knoppix/.* /etc/skel''' 
'''cp /home/knoppix/Desktop/* /etc/Desktop''' 

It should not be necessary to remove your existing /home/knoppix prior to making your compressed file system except to save space; Knoppix will automatically overwrite /home/knoppix with /etc/skel during boot. If you do remove /home/knoppix, save it somewhere first so you can restore it if need be. Your HDinstall will resort to default settings unless your existing /home/knoppix is restored.

Update your system databases

'''updatedb''' 
'''ldconfig''' 
'''update-modules''' 

You should also run apt-get clean, purge old configuration files and remove deborphans as above before making the compressed file system.

; You should also create default /etc/resolv.conf & /etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf files : '''cat >/etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf <<EOT''' 
''' # insert nameservers here''' 
''' # nameserver 127.0.0.1''' 
'''EOT''' 
'''chmod 644 /etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf''' 
'''ln -s /etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf /etc/''' 

'''cat >/etc/resolv.conf <<EOT''' 
''' # insert nameservers here''' 
''' # nameserver 127.0.0.1''' 
'''EOT''' 
'''chmod 644 /etc/resolv.conf'''

You can remove other system config files such as /etc/sysconfig/''' and /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/'''. This will result in your remaster starting up with all default Knoppix settings including language settings.

You may not want to do this. Since you are making a custom remaster rather than a general purpose universal operating system like the Knoppix original, you may wish to retain your personal settings instead.

==== Cleanup Script ====

A 'clean-up' script called 'remaster-clean' will be included with this how-to. It is based on the original script by Klaus Knopper but modifications by several users have been incorporated as well as comments to help the neophyte understand what it is doing. It does not restore all config files to default values nor does it remove /home/knoppix. I have set it up this way because it leaves the HD install which I am using as a source intact after making the remaster.

WARNING: This script has been successfully tested but as usual there are no guarantees it will work on your system. It should give slightly smaller file size than the basic cleanup outlined above since it removed expanded manpage files, etc. but be prepared for possible problems.

It must be run as root. Copy the script to the /user/sbin directory then 'sudo remaster.clean' to run.

Copy by using cut & paste but check the script before using with a text editor such as KDE's Kate; the most likely source of copy problems is unwanted spaces at the beginning of the line. This may cause problems, in particular with the line

'''EOT''' 

which is found in two places in the script. This 'EOT' must be at the beginning of the line

'''<space>EOT will not work.''' 

==== Step 5: Making the compressed file system ====

; This must be run from our 'alternate' operating system (the toHD install) : '''mkisofs -R -U -V "KNOPPIX.net filesystem" -P "KNOPPIX www.knoppix.net" -hide-rr-moved -cache-inodes -no-bak -pad /mnt/hda5 | nice -5 /usr/bin/create''compressed''fs - 65536 > /mnt/hda6/knx-remaster/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX''' 

(this should be all on one line)

Using the -b option for maximum compression will result in slightly better compression but will take much longer, sometimes as much as 12 hours.

'''mkisofs -R -U -V "KNOPPIX.net filesystem" -P "KNOPPIX www.knoppix.net" -hide-rr-moved \
'''-cache-inodes -no-bak -pad /mnt/hda5 | /usr/bin/create''compressed''fs -b - 65536 > \
'''/mnt/hda6/knx-remaster/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX'''

FYI: What this means

''mkisofs:'' the application to make the iso fs 
''-R:'' generate SUSP & RR records 
''-U: '' allow untranslated filenames 
(this is not iso9660 compliant & generates an error message which is of no consequence) 
''-V "KNOPPIX.net filesystem": ''Volume ID is "Knoppix.net filesystem" 
(change this to whatever name you wish) 
''-P "KNOPPIX www.knoppix.net": '' Publisher ID is "KNOPPIX www.knoppix.net" 
(change this to whatever name you wish) 
''-hide-rr-moved: ''renames the directory RR_MOVED to .rr-moved making it a hidden file 
''-cache-inodes: ''this is a default setting 
''-no-bak: ''do not include backup files 
''-pad: ''pad the whole image by 300 sectors 
''/mnt/hda5: ''location of the source directory to be compressed 
''nice -5: ''sets an operating system priority of -5 on the compression job 
''| /usr/bin/create''compressed''fs: ''pipe output through the create''compressed''fs application 
''-b: ''use maximum compression (very slow output) 
''- : ''use std input (ie accept input from the pipe) 
''65536 : ''block size 
''> /mnt/hda6/knx-remaster/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX: ''direct output to the file KNOPPIX

==== Step 6: Testing the compressed filesystem ====

Simply replace the compressed file system 'KNOPPIX' on our toHD install with the remaster.

'''cp /mnt/hda6/knx-remaster/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX /mnt/hda1/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX''' 

Save the original first if you want to but it is almost as easy to just reinstall from the CD if you need to restore it.

After copying, boot into your toHD install. You should now see the results of your remastering efforts.

I also use this method instead a CD to transfer the remaster to my laptop which is currently running a toHD system due to lack of HD space. Since I can transfer directly from the desktop to the laptop using the 'fish' protocol, I am not limited to the 700 Mb size limit imposed by the CD for my remaster.

==== Step 7: Make the final iso ready for burning to CD ====

Update the md5 sums 
You will have to use md5sum -b to set binary mode under linux (standard under windows)...
'''cd /mnt/hda6/knx-remaster/''' 
'''rm -f KNOPPIX/md5sums''' 
'''find -type f -not -name md5sums -not -name boot.cat -exec md5sum {} \; >> KNOPPIX/md5sums''' 

Make the iso file to put on CD

'''For knoppix 3.3:

'''mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -b KNOPPIX/boot.img -c KNOPPIX/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o /mnt/hda6/knx-remaster/knoppix.iso /mnt/hda6/knx-remaster/''' 

'''For knoppix 3.4:

'''mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o /mnt/hda6/knx-remaster/knoppix.iso /mnt/hda6/knx-remaster/''' 

==== Step 8: Burn your iso CD: ====

I just use k3b to do this.

Or you can use Qemu ( see [http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/] ) with the ISO image like this: qemu -m 128 -cdrom /temp/knoppix-custom.iso -boot d -user-net

==== Other: ====

There are other tweaks which can be done to improve performance such as sorting the files prior to burning the CD to optomize CD access time but the above covers the basics. There are also many other howtos & references available, in particular check out

:[[Knoppix Remastering Howto]]
:[[Remastering Hacks]]

Klaus Knopper's original scripts on which the remaster.clean script is based are posted [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=3314) here]

but there are also newer versions posted [http://debian.tu-bs.de/knoppix/remaster/ here]

which also includes scripting for remastering using the chroot method.

----

==== Cleanup Script: ====

''#!/bin/bash'' 
''#This is the minimum cleanup script'' 
''#does not edit out all config files, remove /home/knoppix or restore system to default state'' 
''#Original: Knoppix.checklibs (C) 2003 Klaus Knopper'' 
''#modified by !<nowiki>[[Crashed Again]]</nowiki> for personal use'' 

umask 022

/etc/init.d/autofs stop 
/etc/init.d/apmd stop 
<nowiki>[[-x /etc/init.d/knoppix-terminalserver ]]</nowiki> && /etc/init.d/knoppix-terminalserver deconfigure

''#remove only "temporary" or saved files in the given directories'' 
''#(rm -f is force, ignore non-existant files, never prompt)'' 

nuke(){ 
for i in `find "$@" -name \*.gz -o -name \*.bz2 -o -name \*.0 -o -name \
\*.0.log -o -name browse.dat -o -name \*.\*pk 2>/dev/null`; do 
rm -f "$i" 
done 
} 

''#set all files in the list to a length of zero''

zero(){ 
for i in `find "$@" -type f -size +0 -not -name \*.ini 2>/dev/null`; do :> "$i" 
done 
} 

''#remove mount points'' 
rmdir /mnt/cdrom?* /mnt/hd?* /mnt/sd?* 2>/dev/null 

''# these config files must be removed for the Knoppix to setup for new hardware'' 
rm -f /etc/X11/XF86Config /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 /etc/XF86Config /etc/XF86Config-4

''# optional: remove these config files also'' 
rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* /var/backups/* \ 
/home/*/.ssh /home/*/.bash_history \ 
/var/run/screen/* \ 

nuke /var/log /var/cache 
zero /var/local /var/log /var/spool /var/mail \ 
/var/lib/games /var/cache/man /var/lib/wine \ 
/var/lib/nfs /var/lib/xkb

''#remove expanded manpage files if a compressed version exists'' 
for i in `find /usr/*/man -name \*.\<nowiki>[[0-9ln\]]</nowiki>` ; do 
<nowiki>[[ -f "$i".gz -o -f "$i".bz2 ]]</nowiki> && rm -f "$i" 
done 

''# delete old dowloaded packages'' 
echo "Deleting old downloaded packages....." 
apt-get clean 
echo " Done" 

''#remove 'orphaned files' not listed as used by any package'' 
''#note: may be problems if you have added applications from source instead of .deb pkgs'' 
echo -n "Cleaning up orphans..." 
deborphan | xargs apt-get -y remove 
echo " Done" 

echo -n "Cleaning up config files..." 
COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' | xargs dpkg -P 
echo " Done" 

''# Strip X11 Libs strip-unneeded removes all symbols not needed for relocation processing'' 
strip --strip-unneeded `find /usr/X11R6/lib/modules -name \*.so -o -name \*.o`

''# Recreate empty utmp and wtmp'' 
:>/var/run/utmp 
:>/var/run/wtmp 

''# regenerate module dependencies and ls.so.cache'' 
echo -n "Updating ld.so.cache..." 
ldconfig 
echo " Done."

echo -n "Updating modules.dep..." 
depmod -a 2>/dev/null 
echo " Done."

echo -n "Updating mandb..." 
mandb -c 
man doesnotexist >/dev/null 2>&1 
echo " Done."

echo -n "Updating locate-database..." 
''# slocate is a security enhanced 'locate' file for finding files on the system'' 
'' # dlocate is a prgm to view pkg information'' 
updatedb --prunepaths="/mnt/hd /mnt/cdrom /tmp /usr/tmp /var/tmp" 
update-dlocatedb 
echo " Done."

echo -n "Fixing permissions in /dev/..."
chown root.root /dev/ttyp*
chmod 666 /dev/ttyp* /dev/sg* /dev/audio* /dev/dsp* /dev/mixer* /dev/sequencer*
echo " Done"

echo -n "Fixing permissions in /etc/ppp/..."
chown root.dip /etc/ppp/*secrets /etc/ppp/ppp_* /etc/ppp/peers/*provider /etc/ppp/peers /etc/ppp \
/etc/chatscripts /etc/chatscripts/*
chmod g+rwXš š /etc/ppp/*secrets /etc/ppp/ppp_* /etc/ppp/peers/*provider /etc/ppp/peers /etc/ppp \
/etc/chatscripts /etc/chatscripts/*
echo " Done"

echo -n "Removing unused architecture Kernel sources: "
for i in `ls -1 /usr/src/linux/arch/ | grep -v i386`; do
echo -n "$i "; rm -rf /usr/src/linux/arch/"$i" /usr/src/linux/include/asm-"$i"
done
echo " Done."

[[Category: Remastering Knoppix ]]

Knoppix Remastering Howto

2006-07-07T08:02:46Z

Jacksonon: /* Package Management */

This is a guide that will show you how to remaster KNOPPIX. (Note: commands should appear on one line, so please maximize the window. If you have any comments/suggestions please post below.)

You may wish to start from an already customized Knoppix, so you don't have to do as much work (such as removing programs). If so, see [[Knoppix Customizations]].

=System Requirements=
*CD-ISO
** at least 1 GB of FREE RAM+Swap total (e.g. 256M ram, and 750M swap AVAILABLE) (unless you use a different compression program - look in this page for compressloop)
** 3 GB free on a '''Linux filesystem (ext2/3, xfs, etc.)''' formatted disk partition
*DVD-ISO
** 5 GB free RAM + swap (for fullsized DVD)
** 15 GB free on a '''Linux filesystem (ext2/3, xfs, etc.)''' formatted disk partition

=Instructions=
==Setting up for Remastering==
# Boot from the ''Knoppix CD''
# Open a root shell:
#* Menu: Kmenu->Knoppix->Root Shell
#* Note: All commands below are run from this root shell.
# Configure your Internet connection (we'll need this later). If you use DHCP, it should already be configured.
#* Note: Run '''ifconfig''' to check.
# Find the partition you will use to work on. In this example it is called '''hda1''' . The partition should have a minimum of 3 GB free space
# Mount the partition:
#*<pre>mount -rw /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1</pre>
#* Note: Make sure that it is read/write or you will get errors when you later chroot. To check: run '''mount'''
# Create a root directory to work in -- if you put all your files here it will be easy to clean up
#* <pre>mkdir /mnt/hda1/knx</pre>
# If you don't have 1 GB RAM ('''cat /proc/meminfo''' (physical+swap)) then you will need a swapfile:
#* <pre><nowiki>cd /mnt/hda1/knx
dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1M count=750
mkswap swapfile
swapon swapfile</nowiki></pre>
# Make 2 directories, one for your new Master CD, one for the source, on a disk partition. Also, make additional directories under these named KNOPPIX:
#* <pre><nowiki>mkdir -p /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX
mkdir -p /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX</nowiki></pre>
# Now, copy the KNOPPIX files to your source directory :
#* <pre><nowiki>cp -Rp /KNOPPIX/* /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX</nowiki></pre>
#* Note: This will take a long time (you are copying 2GB). Warning: you will be tempted to replace this copy command with a much faster procedure: create an empty directory, then use unionfs to merge the empty directory with /KNOPPIX in order to create the read-write copy. However, as of Knoppix 4.0.2, there is a bug in unionfs that causes this faster procedure to fail. For now, stick with the copy-command shown above.
# Additionally, copy the 'boot' folder from your cdrom - you'll need these files to build the ISO later.
#* <pre><nowiki>cp -ar /cdrom/boot /mnt/hda1/knx/master/boot</nowiki></pre>
# Copy the main HTML page for the startup page:
#* <pre><nowiki>cp /cdrom/index.html /mnt/hda1/knx/master/</nowiki></pre>
# Copy everything necessary files except the ~700 Mb KNOPPIX file.
#* < 3.4:
#** <pre><nowiki>cd /cdrom/KNOPPIX && find . -size -10000k -type f -exec cp -p --parents '{}' /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/ \;</nowiki></pre>
#* >= 3.4:
#** <pre><nowiki>cd /cdrom && find . -size -10000k -type f -exec cp -p --parents '{}' /mnt/hda1/knx/master/ \;</nowiki></pre>
#* for the DVD Version you have to use -size -15000k and copy the KNOPPIX2 folder like this
#** cp /cdrom/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX2 /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/
# Now you can "chroot" into the copied KNOPPIX:
#* <pre><nowiki>chroot /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX</nowiki></pre>
# If you see errors regarding <tt>/dev/null</tt>, see the [[#Common Problems|common problems]] section
You are now chrooted. "/" is actually "/mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX"

==Working in the Chroot Environment==
Remember that anything you do or create in the chrooted environment will get burned to the CD. If you make any changes (e.g,. to the APT configuration, proxy settings, etc.), make a note to back the changes out before remastering.
===Internet Access===
To use the Internet you need to mount /proc:
mount -t proc /proc proc
(You get a warning - "warning: can't open /etc/fstab: No such file or directory" but it still mounts)
and edit <tt>/etc/resolv.conf</tt> to add your nameserver or exit the chroot and copy the outer <tt>resolv.conf</tt> into the chroot folder:
cp /etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf
(proxies (a.k.a. doing it at work): you can type "export http_proxy=http://your.proxy.com:<port>") 
To check your chrooted internet connection,
ping google.com
(if ICMP is barred at some corporate firewall or something then try "lynx http://www.google.com" and see if you get the page -after a cookie "allow")

===SMB access===
Also change smb.conf to your MS group if you want smbd support (MSHOME is XP Home ed. usually, and WORKGROUP is 9x Windows)
===APT===
Update your package list with '''apt-get update'''.
<blockquote>Note: If ''''apt-get update''' fails with "FATAL -> Could not set non-blocking flag Bad file descriptor", you need to make sure your chrooted environment is mounted without the "nodev" option. (see above where it talks about the /dev/null errors when entering the chroot environment for the first time)</blockquote>
<blockquote>'''Warning''': apt-get upgrade is a ''BAD IDEA''. It will, quite probably, render your KNOPPIX remaster unbootable, or broken in some way. A far safer method is to only upgrade packages as necessary.</blockquote>

Before you can add stuff, you will probably need to remove some packages. To get a list of packages installed, type this:
dpkg-query -l
If you are looking for big installed packages then the command
dpkg-awk "Status: .* installed$" -- Package Installed-Size | \
awk '{print $2}' | egrep -v '^$' | xargs -n2 echo | \
perl -pe 's/(\S+)\s(\S+)/$2 $1/' | sort -rg
will list the packages with size in descending order.

At least ten times faster is the command
dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Installed-Size} ${Package}\n' | sort -n
and you don't need dpkg-awk or awk or perl; however it does not exclude packages that are not installed. If you have trouble with the above sort command, try using KPackage, expanded all the trees and sorted by the size column to find big packages.

Or, you could use this command to get the qpkg-query speed with the non-installed packages not listed:
dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Installed-Size} ${Package} ${Status}\n' | grep -v deinstall | sort -n | awk '{print $1" "$2}'
It does the same thing as above, I assume. I couldn't get the first one to work because I don't have dpkg-awk.

To remove a package (and all packages dependant on it), type this:
apt-get remove --purge ''name-of-package-to-remove''
To check for orphaned packages, type this:
deborphan
Want to save more space by getting rid of those pesky orphans (how cruel!), type this ('''Warning''', you won't be prompted yes/no to remove these packages. When you press Enter after this command, those packages ''will be gone''):
deborphan | xargs apt-get -y remove
If you're uncertain about the previous command and want to see what will happen without making any changes, just add the '''-s''' option to the apt-get command like this (you can do this with all of the apt-get commands, and it's a good habit to use this option before mass operations like this one):
deborphan | xargs apt-get -s -y remove
Now the good stuff. If you wish to add a package, type this:
apt-get install '''name-of-package-to-install''
What, don't know what packages to install? Type this. When the list appears, you can peruse (over 13k lines!) or search for things using <tt>/''search-term''</tt>:
apt-cache search .* | sort | less
When you're done removing and adding packages, a good way to clean up is by typing this
COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' | xargs dpkg -P
Also, because the Debian package system keeps a cache of downloaded packages, you may want to run the following to clear out those spare files:
apt-get clean
===User Settings===
User settings are in /etc/skel. This directory will be copied to make new user home directories.
<blockquote>tip: don't put files in /root they will be only available (at runtime) in /KNOPPIX/root</blockquote>

Note that the default user 'knoppix' is not created by adduser(1), thus /etc/skel is not copied completely but rather selectively. That is, to make a file .xyrc appear in /home/knoppix, it is not sufficient to place it in /etc/skel. One possibility is to extend the code in /etc/X11/Xsession.d/45xsession which is responsible for filling /home/knoppix.

===Autorunning Programs===
When you want to autorun some programs, one can create a script and put it in the directory <tt>/etc/rc5.d/</tt> (This only loads items before X loads). Read up on the SysV init process for more possibilities.

==KNOPPIX Autoconfiguration==
interesting stuff in /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig :

* The X background file is /cdrom/KNOPPIX/background.gif '''(in knoppix 3.4: background.jpg)'''
* As well as floppyconfig, there is cdromconfig which will run cdrom/KNOPPIX/knoppix.sh
* All boot parameters obtain default values in this file. That is, to switch from 'kde' to 'twm' as default desktop just search for the place where 'kde' is provided as default value (variable DESKTOP, IIRC). Similarly for example the default language can be changed.

==X Session Configuration==
When testing X-based programs, you will have to
export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0
which will allow you to connect to your normal X session. Alternately (if you need to test window managers), you can create a nested X session. Outside of the chroot, run
Xnest -ac :1
Within the chroot, set your DISPLAY variable
export DISPLAY=localhost:1

Interesting stuff in /etc/init.d/xsession :
* it ALSO sets background as /usr/local/lib/knoppix.gif

==Leaving the Chroot==
If you mounted it, you'll need to unmount /proc - very important!
umount /proc
Press '''CTRL+D''' to leave being chrooted.

==Remastering the ISO==
We've finished customizing and ready to burn!
First do some cleanup:
* remove any .bash_history files, tmp files, etc.
* back out any changes you don't want burned back to the disc
* <pre>rm -rf /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/.rr_moved</pre>

===KNOPPIX Compressed Image===
Now we'll make the big <tt>KNOPPIX</tt> file which is an ISO 9660 filesystem compressed for use by the <tt>cloop</tt> driver:
mkisofs -R -U -V "KNOPPIX.net filesystem" -publisher "KNOPPIX www.knoppix.net" \
-hide-rr-moved -cache-inodes -no-bak -pad /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX \
| nice -5 /usr/bin/create_compressed_fs - 65536 > /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX
the "www.knoppix.net" and "Knoppix.net filesystem" can be changed to what you want to call the file. You will get an error that it doesn't conform to ISO standards -- you can ignore this. Note that, to run <tt>create_compressed_fs</tt>, you'll need to have enough space to store the entire ISO in RAM/swap. Ensure you have at least 800M of free space before starting.

In Knoppix 3.4 the <tt>create_compressed_fs</tt> script has been updated so be sure to use it to obtain the best result. It has a new option '''-b''' (best), which enables the best compression by using different compression schemes and tries to optimize that way, but be careful, because that option is slow (10x slower).

===Live CD ISO===
If all went well, onto making the final CD-ROM Image:
cd /mnt/hda1/knx/master'''
find -type f -not -name md5sums -not -name boot.cat -not -name isolinux.bin \
-exec md5sum '{}' \; > KNOPPIX/md5sums
(this will update the md5 hashes of the files included in the ISO, used for integrity checking) Now to burn the image; for Knoppix <= 3.3:
mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -b KNOPPIX/boot.img -c KNOPPIX/boot.cat \
-hide-rr-moved -o /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso /mnt/hda1/knx/master
for Knoppix >= 3.4 or other isolinux based distributions:
mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 \
-boot-info-table -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat \
-hide-rr-moved -o /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso /mnt/hda1/knx/master
(the ISO is stored in <tt>/mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso</tt>)

Burn the ISO using your favorite tools, and you're ready!

=Tips=
I have had good results remastering working from the CD as root working from fluxbox. Just say "knoppix 2" at the boot prompt and it will boot you to a root prompt where you can then say "startx /usr/bin/fluxbox". I like to use the xterm unicode shell.

==Package Management==
While working chroot doing the remastering I like to use
apt-get remove --purge pkg-name
to remove packages because before it does anything it will stop and show details on what it is fixing to remove and let you say "yes or no".

If you don't use the above "apt-get" instructions and have a lot to cleanup and purge, here's the easy way to do it:
COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' > topurge
That will make a list of all removed packages to purge and then you just say
dpkg -P `< topurge `
and you're all done.
COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' | xargs dpkg -P
is a one-line version of this. Also use
deborphan | xargs dpkg -P .

==Alternatives for Low-Memory Machines==
You don't really need 1G swap as there are two new tools to create compressed filesystems. Here are some candidates to make ''compressed'' fs:
* Valentijn's rewrite [http://projects.openoffice.nl/downloads/compressloop/]
* Quozl's port of compressloop for Knoppix 3.4 [http://quozl.linux.org.au/compressloop-1.9-64bit.c]
* Quozl's distributed compressloop (use more than one processor to speed things up) [http://quozl.linux.org.au/knoppix/compressloop/] or [http://quozl.netrek.org/knoppix/compressloop/]
* Justin's patch [http://s.bouncybouncy.net/~justin/code/] (link broken) I also just wrote a distributed cloop compressor(or for smp) It's in that same directory.

==Test CD Image Without Burning a CD==
If you have a spare partition with at least 700MB free space formatted with ext2, ext3 or Vfat, you can use this for test by booting from a floppy disk. A floppy boot will look for a partiton with /KNOPPIX/ in the root, and the compressed image /KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX. Instead of using the sub-directory /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/ as described above, it should be called /mnt/hda2/KNOPPIX/ . The root index.html will then be located at /mnt/hda2/index.html and the compressed image will be at /mnt/hda2/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX . Now you can boot from floppy and use /mnt/hda2 as your image. For further information see [[Hd BasedHowTo]].

If you don't have an extra partition or you don't want to do so much for it, you can use Qemu ( see [http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/] ) with the ISO image like this:
qemu -m 128 -cdrom /temp/knoppix-custom.iso -boot d -user-net
You even do not have to build a hard disk image before, just install Qemu and try this. Amazing!

==Test remastered version without creating cloop file/iso==
i use a setup similar to knoppix terminal server to test the remastered files without having to recreate a
cloop image every time: the remastered files live in an ext2 filesytem in a loopfile (knoppix_loop) mounted rw (this is where i chroot in). when i want to test the current setup, i have another machine network boot and use the files from the loopfile directly (needs another miniroot.gz). See [[User:Ml#dev_setup]]

If you want to use only one machine, you'll have to reboot (or use qemu) and use the "loopfile" and "fromhd" cheatcodes (see [[User:Ml#miniroot_changes]]). For example, this is what my grub boot entry looks like:

<pre>
title Remastered Knoppix
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/myknoppix/vmlinuz fromhd=/dev/hda4 loopfile=/samba/share/isos/knoppix_loop lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=791 quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix
initrd /boot/myknoppix/miniroot.gz
</pre>

== Booting Knoppix images with GRUB==
* First copy /boot off the Knoppix cd to your boot partition (or even your dos partition). I named mine boot.knoppix
''' Copy the /KNOPPIX directory to your '''root directory* of any hard disk. You may place it somewhere other than the boot partition (ext2/3, reiserfs, vfat are supported).
* for Knoppix <= 3.3, put the following in your /boot/grub/menu.lst:
title KNOPPIX
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot.knoppix/vmlinuz 2 fromhd=/dev/hda4 lang=us
initrd /boot.knoppix/miniroot.gz
* for Knoppix >= 3.4 or other isolinux based distributions:
title KNOPPIX
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot.knoppix/isolinux/linux 2 fromhd=/dev/hda4 lang=us
initrd /boot.knoppix/isolinux/minirt.gz
* notice the fromhd parameter: it's the location of the /KNOPPIX directory
* reboot and have fun.

==Helpful Scripts==
----
This is the recommended directory layout for remastering KNOPPIX:
. (invoke ../remaster from here)
|-- master (invoke ../../[[u]]mountbootimage from here)
| |-- KNOPPIX
| | |-- KNOPPIX (compressed image)
| | |-- boot.img (boot floppy image)
| | `-- (other files snipped)
| `-- index.html
`-- source
`-- KNOPPIX (this directory can be chrooted into)
|-- bin
|-- boot
|-- cdrom
|-- dev
|-- etc
|-- floppy
|-- home
|-- initrd
|-- lib
|-- mnt
|-- none
|-- opt
|-- proc
|-- root
|-- sbin
|-- tmp -> /var/tmp
|-- usr
|-- var
`-- vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-2.4.22-xfs
----
the following script "remaster" will do the remaster process for you. Use as root, or you will end up with wrong access rights in the image.

The script has last been tried out on Debian sid on 2004-04-02.

#!/bin/bash -x
# This script builds a new KNOPPIX ISO image.
# Copyright (C) 2004 by Marc Haber <mh+knoppix-remaster@zugschlus.de>
# License: GPL V2

ROOT="$PWD"
SOURCE="$ROOT/source/KNOPPIX"
MASTER="$ROOT/master"
CLOOPTARGET="$ROOT/master/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX"
TARGET="$ROOT"
EXCLUDELIST="$ROOT/source/excludelist"

rm -rf $SOURCE/.rr_moved

cd $SOURCE
mkisofs -R -U -V "KNOPPIX.net filesystem" \
-P "KNOPPIX www.knoppix.net" \
-hide-rr-moved -cache-inodes -no-bak -pad \
-exclude-list $EXCLUDELIST \
. | nice -5 /usr/bin/create_compressed_fs - 65536 > $CLOOPTARGET

cd ../$MASTER
rm -f KNOPPIX/md5sums
find -type f -not -name md5sums -not -name boot.cat -exec md5sum {} \; >> KNOPPIX/md5sums
mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -b KNOPPIX/boot.img \
-c KNOPPIX/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o $TARGET/knoppix.iso $MASTER
----
The following script will loop-mount boot floppy image and initrd image for modification. The umount function will build a new initrd image and put it back on the boot floppy image.

The script has last been tried out on Debian sid on 2004-01-13.

#!/bin/bash -x
# This script will loop-mount boot floppy and initrd image
# Copyright (C) 2004 by Marc Haber <mh+knoppix-remaster@zugschlus.de>
# License: GPL V2
unset CDPATH || true

# if not root, re-invoke self as root
if [[ "`id -u`" -ne 0 ]]; then
export LOCUSER="$USER"
export LOCHOME="$HOME"
if [[ "${SHELLOPTS/xtrace/}" != "$SHELLOPTS" ]]; then
sudo bash -x $0 $@
exit $?
else
sudo $0 $@
exit $?
fi
else
LOCUSER="${LOCUSER:-$USER}"
LOCHOME="${LOCHOME:-$HOME}"
fi
set -e

KNOPPIXDIR="KNOPPIX"
BOOTIMGFILE="$KNOPPIXDIR/boot.img"
BOOTIMGFS="vfat"
BOOTIMGDIR="boot.img"
INITRDGZ="$BOOTIMGDIR/miniroot.gz"
INITRDFILE="$KNOPPIXDIR/miniroot"
INITRDFS="ext2"
INITRDDIR="miniroot"

mountbootimage() {
if ! modprobe loop; then
echo >&2 "ERR: cannot load loop module"
exit 1
fi

if ! [[ -e "$BOOTIMGFILE" ]]; then
echo >&2 "ERR: no $BOOTIMGFILE found"
exit 1
fi

for nofile in $BOOTIMGDIR $INITRDGZ $INITRDFILE $INITRDDIR; do
if [[ -e "$nofile" ]]; then
echo >&2 "ERR: $nofile already exists"
exit 1
fi
done

mkdir -p $BOOTIMGDIR
mount -o loop,uid=$LOCUSER -t $BOOTIMGFS $BOOTIMGFILE $BOOTIMGDIR

< $INITRDGZ gunzip > $INITRDFILE
mkdir -p $INITRDDIR
mount -o loop -t $INITRDFS $INITRDFILE $INITRDDIR
}

umountbootimage() {
dd if=/dev/zero of=$INITRDDIR/nullfile || true
sync
rm $INITRDDIR/nullfile
umount $INITRDDIR
rmdir $INITRDDIR
< $INITRDFILE gzip --best > $INITRDGZ
rm -f $INITRDFILE

umount $BOOTIMGDIR
rmdir $BOOTIMGDIR

syslinux KNOPPIX/boot.img
}

case "`basename $0`" in
mountbootimage)
mountbootimage
;;
umountbootimage)
umountbootimage
;;
*)
echo >&2 "ERR: called with unknown name `basename $0`"
exit 1
;;
esac

==Tips around apt-get to install/update/remove applications==
(by gnarvaja)
* If you booted from CD, even on a HD install (example: Pivot Install) instead of copying the original CD and KNOPPIX directory to the HD, you can use them directly from their mount points.
* Another alternative is to mount an ISO image of the original CD as a loop device and mount the KNOPPIX image as a '''cloop''' device. You will save close to 2GB of space. Script to mount from an ISO image:

#!/bin/bash
# Assumes that the current directory is the working space
# original.iso is an image of the CD we will be using as master
mount -t iso9660 original.iso ./oldcd -o ro,loop
# initialize the compressed loop device
losetup /dev/cloop1 ./oldcd/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX
mount -t iso9660 /dev/cloop1 ./KNOPPIX -o ro,loop

* Get '''apt-spy''' and use it to modify the sources.list file with the best mirrors for your particular region. This will speed up the downloading. Backup the original '''sources.list''' just in case.
* Another technique is to modify '''sources.list'''. Replace the string '''.de.''' in the ftp addresses (ftp.de.debian.org) with the code corresponding to your country. Examples: USA -> .us. (ftp.us.debian.org), Brazil -> .br. (ftp.br.debian.org). Check the Debian site for debian.org mirrors in your country.
* Remember to uncomment the '''linuxtag''' ftp addresses to get the latest and greatest from Knoppix
* Use '''apt-get update''' to get the lists with the latest releases and patches. Do not update a package if you don't need to, it may lead to the use of additional disk space (precious commodity when you want to keep everything below 700MB) and you may brake something else without knowing. Abuse the '''-s''' option to simulate the installation.
* Before doing the update, I modified my default releases to '''testing''', that means that the software I'll be using will have a good balance of stability and features. Knoppix uses '''unstable''' by default, which is too risky for my personal taste.
* Get '''[apt-get install] locale''' and configure it with the locales you are going to use. It will save lots of space when downloading applications with plenty of locale modules and localized manual pages.
* I use '''aptitude''' to get/remove applications, it is character based so it works with init 2. As you mark packages for install/update/removal, it will tell you how much disk space you will save/use, try to solve depencies problems and give you plenty control to fix them manually when possible.
* When installing applications it is likely that your '''/etc/rc?.d''' directories will have new entries, many of them unwanted or unplanned. Make sure you check them and remove the new entries based on your preferences. I usually leave '''/etc/rc2.d''' and '''/etc/rc5.d''' as close as the originals as possible and modify '''/etc/rc3.d''' and '''/etc/rc4.d''' to test new stuff. '''Example:''' You may want to have ntfs installed, but not necessarily running by default. Same with apache, mysql and many others.
* When removing/purging applications, they may leave behind non-empty directories. Usually this is announced by aptitude, apt-get or any other installation utilty. Make sure to check the messages and manually remove those directories.
* After you are done, '''aptitude''' may leave some files behind. Here's a clean up script I use:

# !/bin/bash
# Clean package files generated by aptitude
rm /var/log/aptitude
rm /var/lib/apt/lists/*debian*
rm /var/lib/apt/lists/*knoppix*

=Common Problems=
* [[Dev_null_permission_denied|/dev/null: Permission Denied]] Chroot problems accessing device files

=See also=

If my howto is too confusing, or you'd like a second opinion, check out charan's very nice remastering howto: http://gnubox.dyndns.org:8080/~sunil/knoppix.php.
Another Howto is at http://www.stirnimann.com/mystuff/doc/knoppix.txt

There is a wizard, which knows all the unpacking, compressing and CD-recording steps mentioned here. It also shows a shell where you can update the uncompressed KNOPPIX system using debian's standard software installation tools. It is called mmkcdrom and part of the plugscript package: [http://rcswww.urz.tu-dresden.de/~holzhey/plugscript]

Yet another HOWTO, for shell freaks, is at http://quozl.linux.org.au/knoppix/

Be sure to check out the [http://knoppix.net/forum/viewforum.php?f=2 Knoppix Customization Forum] for ideas and help with remastering.

* If you want to add a custom kernel, check out the [[Knoppix Custom Kernel Howto]]
* There also a guide at O'Reilly on the same topic : [http://linux.oreillynet.com/lpt/a/4323 Using and Customizing Knoppix]

=Conclusion=
Thats it. This is an updated version of my previous howto. This is not meant for linux beginners, you will need to know your way around linux to get this to work. I'll update this as corrections/improvements/etc come through.

=Thanks=
Thanks to aay, charan, Tech2k, and #knoppix for some corrections and tips and ideas. Feel free to edit or add to this howto.
Note about swap: 

=Translations=
* German Version: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Deutsch]]
* Spanish Version: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Spanish]] en español
* French Version: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto French]]
* Indonesian Version: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Indonesian]]
* Russian Version: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Russian]]

[[Category: Remastering Knoppix ]]

Using FAQ

2006-07-07T08:00:05Z

Jacksonon: /* Q: How do I stop the KNOPPIX web page from appearing every time I start KNOPPIX? */

-German Version: [[Deutsch Using Faq]]

-Versión española: [[Usando Faq]]

-Versi Bahasa Indonesia: [[Indonesian Using FAQ]]
----
==== Q: How do I get Knoppix to boot Knoppix when it tells me that it can't find the KNOPPIX filesystem and is dropping me to a shell? ====
A: The full error is:
Uncompressing Linux... Ok, booting the kernel.

Welcome to the KNOPPIX live Linux-on-CD!

Scanning for USB/Firewire devices... Done.
Enabling DMA acceleration for: hda [Maxtor 2B020H1]
Enabling DMA acceleration for: hda [LTN486S]
Can't find KNOPPIX filesystem, sorry.
Dropping you to a (very limited) shell.
Press reset button to quit.

Additional buitin commands available:
cat mount umount
inmod rmmod lsmod

knoppix# _

Knoppix does the very best it can to automatically figure out what hardware the PC has & it does this without human intervention. DMA is a feature that speeds up data tranfer on IDE devices such as CDROM drive& HD drives. Some chipsets and/or harddiscs are broken or buggy. Using DMA would cause problems on such systems and in many many cases, if the CDROM drive does not support DMA then it fails to fully boot Knoppix from the CDR. DMA was enabled by default in Knoppix 3.4 through 3.7 and has been disabled in 3.8.x and up. To boot Knoppix 3.4 through 3.7 and get around this DMA problem, I boot knoppix with the following [[Cheat Codes]]:
knoppix nodma

==== Q: Why is DMA disabled by default and how do I enable it? ====
A: Knoppix does the very best it can to automatically figure out what hardware the PC has & it does this without human intervention. DMA is a feature that speeds up data tranfer on IDE devices such as CDROM drive& HD drives. Some chipsets and/or harddiscs are broken or buggy. Using DMA would cause problems on such systems.

If your system works properly with DMA, and you are booting from HD, you can enable it by typing "/sbin/hdparm -c3 -d1 -m16 -k1 /dev/hda" or by editing the "/etc/init.d/bootmisc.sh" startup script and uncommenting the hdparm -qd1 /dev/hda line to have it permanently on at reboot, if the line is not there add it.

A cleaner way to do it requires installing the hdparm package (use the command "apt-get install hdparm" to do this) and edit
the file "/etc/hdparm.conf".

Read more at: http://linux.oreillynet.com/pub/a/linux/2000/06/29/hdparm.html

==== File transfer between Knoppix and Windows: ====
===== Q: I see the partitions from my hard disk on the desktop and can access their contents when I click on them, but if I try to write to them I always get the error message "access denied". How can I write to my existing partitions? =====

A: The general philosophy of KNOPPIX is to allow as little write access as possible. For this reason, existing partitions are either not mounted or only mounted "read only". If you click with your right mouse button on an icon, the "read-only" attribute under item "device" can be un-checked. After this, the partition can be mounted "read-write" (for already mounted partitions, first click on "unmount"!). Alternatively, you can use the mount command to make the drive read/write, see '''man mount''' for details. '''CAUTION:''' writing to NTFS partitions can lead to data loss, since Linux does not really support this file system! However, DOS and FAT32 file systems are safe for write access. Tip: In the shell the command "mount -o remount,rw /mnt/" can allow already-mounted file systems to be "made writeable".

=====Q: How can I write data on NTFS partitions?=====

A: Under most conditions, Knoppix can not write or change files on an [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS NTFS] partition. Forcing it to do so may end up scrambling the underlying NTFS filesystem. Knoppix (and the Linux kernel) can read NTFS partitions just fine, the danger is only present when attempting to write to it. Older versions of Knoppix included a program called [http://www.jankratochvil.net/project/captive/ Captive NTFS] that used the existing NTFS drivers from a Windows system to acesss the NTFS drive. Even then it was slow and unstable. [http://www.jankratochvil.net/project/captive/ Captive NTFS] has not been maintained for over a year and is not currently included in recent Knoppix versions.

=====Q: How do I access files created in Knoppix with other operating systems? =====

A:
*'''Windows NT, XP (NTFS) and Windows 95, 98'''
*:* Use a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/keydrive keydrive].
*::* Boot Knoppix with keydrive installed, Knoppix will add a keydrive icon to the desktop
*::* By default, the keydrive is read only. Change to r/w with right mouse button click -> Actions -> Change Read/Write mode -> click yes to make writable.
*::* the files you save on the key drive are then readable by windows.
*:* Use a floppy ?
*:* Use a CD writable ?
*:* Is a Knoppix partition readable by Windows XP (if I chose to install Knoppix on my hard drive)?

*'''Windows 95, 98'''
*:* Mount the file system in Knoppix and write to the hard drive, see above
*:* Is a Knoppix partition readable by Windows 95 or 98 ?

=====Q: I want to copy files to a windows box over the network=====
A:

* First method
I boot with Knoppix from the CD drive. Once it has fully loaded to the KDE desktop, I open a konsole command window. I assume the the hda1 (C: drive) is a FAT32 drive, so I mount it with the command:
sudo mount -t vfat -o ro,users /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1

If instead the the hda1 (C: drive) is a NTFS drive, the I mount it with the command:
sudo mount -t ntfs -o ro,users /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1

Next I open up the GUI file manager (called konqueror).
sudo konqueror
Once that comes up, in the location bar, I use the following to authenticate to a Windows domain & then access a windows networking share.In the location bar:
smb:/domain\username@IP.address.of.machine
If you do not need to authenticate to a domain, the form is:
smb:/hostname
or
smb:/IP.address.of.machine

This allows me to access windows shares. I navigate to where I want to save the data, then hit the keys CTRL-T to open a tnew tabbed window. Then in that location bar type:
/mnt/hda1/
Now I see the hda1 (C: drive) contents. Just like in windows explorer, select the file & folders you want to copy, CTRL-C or right-click & copy them. Use the mouse & move over to the other tab with the smb connection, then CTRL-V or right-click paste to initiate the transfer. When you are done copying files, close the konqueror window, click the KDE K menu and choose to reboot/shutdown the PC. TO shutdown the PC by command:
sudo init 0

* Other method, in which both directions are possible. Either start SAMBA or mount the remote share.
** "sudo /etc/init.d/samba start", add users with "smbpasswd -a knoppix". After this, the home directory of user knoppix will be shared as readonly. If you need other shares, edit /etc/samba/smb.conf and restart samba (replace "start" with "restart").
** "mkdir tmp/share; sudo mount -t smbfs -o username=Administrator //otherbox/share /tmp/share" (maybe start samba too to get rid of the warnings, especialy when using "nmblookup")
* Or you can obtain a lissetup.sh ("wget <nowiki>http://users.volja.net/zejnovi/lissetup.sh</nowiki>" in console). After doing that, in console, type: "chmod +x lissetup.sh", and then "./lissetup.sh". After doing this, you can use the LAN browser in Konqueror.

==== Q: Knoppix 3.2: Errormessage during booting, when HOME-Directory is saved on HD? ====
I've saved the date on a FAT-32Partition, as an image and without password. I can't format the partition in a LINUX-Format, since it's used by other data. When I boot KNOPPIX with "knoppix myconfig=... home=....", a short time later the message appears, that s.th. is not found and I'm asked for a password with at least 20 signs length (but such a password does not exist). It's no difference whether I type "home=scan" or s.th. like "home=/dev/hda5". Never the less it seems to work fine, when I ignore the password request and negate the further enquiry with "n" for "no". When I leave out "home=..." Knoppix has forgotton -as expected- the Home-Directory. The behavior is some how unbeautiful. Does anyone know how to avoid the request of that password?

A: I encountered this problem when I placed both the config files and the persistent home on the same partition.If you do not have separate partitons then the config can be located on a floppy( I have not tried this.)

====Q: What is the root password?====

A: There is none; all passwords are locked/scrambled by default. You can set it by going Knoppix Menu->Root Shell and typing "passwd", then enterting a root password, also there are several sections you can read dealing with this subject in KNOPPIX/README_Security.txt.
You can also type "sudo su" or "sudo -s" in any console window, or use <ctr>-<alt>-F2 to get at the text console with already opened root shell.

However, in some older versions of Knoppix, if you type 'sudo -s', it will ask for a password. If you simply press return without entering anything, it will tell you 'Authentication Failed."

See also the forum thread titled [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=11500 "Root Password (what is it?)"]

====Q: How can I watch a DVD?====

A: First of all, you have to have Knoppix installed on your hard drive. You won't be able to execute the following proceedure if you are running it from the CD.

* Become root

* Add the following lines to your /etc/apt/sources.list:

deb <nowiki>http://www.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian</nowiki> $(ARCH)/
deb-src <nowiki>http://www.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian</nowiki> sources/

* Then do:

apt-get update
apt-get install libdvdcss2

* Play the DVD (e.g. with Xine, Ogle, Videolan, Mplayer etc).
* If your DVD plays but skips and jumps, then you probably need to enable Direct Memory Access (DMA) for the drive.
* To see if DMA is enabled, log in as root and type: "/sbin/hdparm -d <device name>" For example: "/sbin/hdparm -d /dev/hdc" It it says "using_dma = 1 (on)" it is already turned on.
* Otherwise, to enable DMA type: "/sbin/hdparm -d 1 /dev/hdc"
*If you want DMA to be enabled automatically then add the line "/sbin/hdparm -d 1 /dev/hdc" to any startup script (/etc/init.d/bootmisc.sh for example).
*Enjoy watching DVDs in Linux :-)

--
The links for /etc/apt/sources.list appear to be incorrect.

The right links are:
deb <nowiki>http://download.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian</nowiki> $(ARCH)/
deb-src <nowiki>http://download.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian</nowiki> sources/

====Q: I've installed Knoppix to my HD and default language and keyboard setting is German. How do I change to US English? I've changed KDE by fumbling through what I remembered of KDE Control Center. The keyboard is still in German with some of the keys in different places.====

A: Right click on the German flag in the system tray of the taskbar, and choose configure from the menu and set the keyboard to the layout you want to use.

Alternatively, you can use KMenu > Settings > Control Panel > Regional & Accessibility > Country/ Region & Language > Locale > Country: "C - Default", Keyboard: English: US That does it for KDE.

For the rest of the system, as root, type '''dpkg-reconfigure locales'''. The first page is a list of fonts(?), press Tab then Enter to skip it. The second page asks "Which locale should be the default in the system environment?" -- choose one of the en_US options. ISO-8859-15 is nice
(it includes the Euro), although there is nothing wrong
with ISO-8859-1 (aka Latin1).

====Q: I've set the default language and keyboard in KDE, but some pages in Mozilla still come up in German instead of English. How do I fix this?====

A1: In Mozilla, under Edit > Preferences... and check on Language. On the right-hand side of the page you'll see that German is preferred over English in multi-lingual pages. Move English up and it will be the preferred language.

A2: In Firefox, select Edit > Preferences. Click the Advanced button, the General tab, then the Edit Languages button. As above, move a line marked "English" to the top.

====Q: I think about using Knoppix to make Partition-Images with [http://www.partimage.org partimage] - Did anybody try this out? Thanks in advance! -- http://linuxwiki.de/Brüßler====

A: Yes, it works. -- [http://linuxwiki.de/PartImage LinuxWiki PartImage (in German)]

====Q: How do I save my preferences (language, UI...) at the end of my session, when booting from CD? How do I restore them?====

Go to the K-menu > KNOPPIX > Configuration and choose "save config", you can save to floppy or to an already existing partition on the harddrive. (on a windows partition is fine)

To restore it, at the "boot:" prompt type in "knoppix myconfig=scan", and it should find and restore your saved settings at boot time.

====Q: After Installed knoopix in HD with lang=es, if I remove all the user configuration files in the /home/knoppix directory, the keys "< >" of my spanish keyboard are no longer recognized in the new kde session. What is the configuration file resposible of this behaviour?====

A: Check the small flag in the bottom right corner of the screen, and you have to boot up with lang=es as a kernel parameter for it to work. (check /etc/lilo.conf)

====Q:From where does KNOPPIX start all the scripts at the bootprocess?====

A:The init scripts are located in /etc/init.d and are [[symlink]]ed to
in the /etc/rcX.d directorys in a sysV like fashion.

====Q: Where can I find where all the boot-time parameters are interpreted???====

A:You can see them in /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig script

====Q: How do I use an USB memory stick to save myconfiguration?====

A: First boot KNOPPIX with the [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/keydrive memory stick] inserted. Got to the KNOPPIX menu, Configuration, Save Configuration. When asked, choose /dev/sda1. When booting type '''knoppix myconf=scan home=scan''' at the boot prompt.

====Q: After using KNOPPIX, my Dell computer does not start!====

A: This is an issue with the Dell BIOS. Simply pull out the power cord from your computer for a few seconds, and your computer should start again. You can also try passing "apm=off" or "apm=real-mode-poweroff" to the kernel during startup. apm=real-mode-poweroff is better because it keeps other apm-features (advanced power managment) turned on.

====Q: How can I see a film with subtitles that of course I have, I think Xine is useful but I can't do it?====

A: in a console "xine name_movie.ext#subtitle:name_subtitle.ext" you have to replace .ext with the real extension

====Q: Which program do I use for word processing, spreadcheat calculations, image processing, burning, scanning, surfing, chatting...====

A: Take a look at the [http://www.eleli.de/knoppix/docs/tutorial/english Knoppix Tutorial.]

See also : * [http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2003/11/20/knoppix.html?page=2 Using and Customizing Knoppix]

====Q: How do I stop the KNOPPIX web page from appearing every time I start KNOPPIX? ====

A: here is a 4 step process to edit your start up scrips so you get a clean desktop when you start your machine.

1.Become root: in konsole, type:
sudo -s

2. Delete link to read-only x-init file on cd. type:
rm /etc/X11/Xsession.d/45xsession

3. Open the /KNOPPIX/etc/X11/Xsession.d/45xsession file in kwrite. type:
kwrite /KNOPPIX/etc/X11/Xsession.d/45xsession

3.1 In kwrite, search for:
ln $HOME/Desktop/KNOPPIX.desktop $HOME/.kde/Autostart/showindex.desktop
by clicking on the magnifying icon below the main menubar.

3.2 below the line that reads:
ln $HOME/Desktop/KNOPPIX.desktop $HOME/.kde/Autostart/showindex.desktop

and above the line that reads:
fi
, insert:
#added by gh78 --this next line removes the autostart link
rm -f $HOME/.kde/Autostart/showindex.desktop
#added by gh78 --this next line removes the knoppix intro web page from your desktop as well
rm -f $HOME/Desktop/KNOPPIX.desktop

4. Save the x-init file as /etc/X11/Xsession.d/45xsession

done.

Now when you save your configuration, the /etc folder is saved as well--and your new startup script will now start without creating those files.

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Pivot Root Install

2006-07-07T07:57:01Z

Jacksonon: /* Step 2 */

===Pivot Root Install===

This is an alternative installation technique that overcomes limitations of the [[Poor Mans Install]] and a regular hard drive install. You can have a complete system on your drive (you can use apt-get to update it, etc.), plus it can be on a drive that is not bootable (such as an external drive connected via a usb2 or firewire card). You can swap your drive to any other computer and still boot to your system using the Knoppix CD.

What you basically do is boot up with the CD and then use pivot_root to load up your hard-drive based system.

The downsides are that you still need to use the Knoppix CD to boot up, and you have to type some commands by hand to start up your system. Hopefully we can create a script to automate this in the future.

Instructions are based on [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=6463 this forum thread]

Post there if you have any problems or suggestions.

==== Step 1 ====

Do a regular hard drive install (see [[Hd Install HowTo]]) wherever you want to install it.

Basically you just type "sudo knoppix-installer" from the terminal command line and follow the instructions.

Do not install a boot loader to your MBR if you installed to a non-bootable drive or partition.

==== Step 2 ====

Start you computer with the Knoppix CD. Then type these commands: (replace "/dev/sda7" with the location of your installed system)

knoppix26 single (at boot prompt, or just "knoppix single" for 2.4 kernel)

sudo -s
mkdir /mnt/new_root
mount /dev/sda7 /mnt/new_root
mkdir /mnt/new''root/mnt/old_root (only necessary 1st time)
cd /mnt/new_root
pivot_root . /mnt/new''root/mnt/old_root
mount /proc /proc -t proc
init 5

Customizing environment using 4.0.2CD

2006-07-07T07:53:58Z

Jacksonon: /* Setting up webmin */

These are the steps I use to customize my Knoppix 4.0.2 environment.

__TOC__
= Persistent Disk Image (PDI) =
A persistent disk image allows me to customize Knoppix without having to remaster the CD. With a generic Knoppix CD and a PDI, I can take my environment to just about any computer.

Create a persistent disk image either from the GUI or the command line
* From within KDE
K > KNOPPIX > Configure > Create persistent KNOPPIX image
* command line
knoppix-mkimage
I prefer an image size of 500 MB, which is just large enough for a significant amount of software updates yet small enough to fit on a USB thumb drive. I don't choose encryption, but that's a personal preference. Once you create the image, reboot and specify the image at the boot prompt. Assuming the knoppix.img is at /mnt/sda1/, then:
boot: knoppix home=/mnt/sda1/knoppix.img
Note: Specifying the home folder may not be necessary. Apparently, Knoppix scans for the knoppix.img even if one does not specify home=.

= Installing Microsoft's True Type fonts =
Installing Microsoft's True Type fonts using apt-get at the command line
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
Change the fonts in KDE:
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Fonts"
* click "Adjust All Fonts"
* check "Font"
* highlight "Bitstream Vera Sans"
* click "OK"
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Customizing the tool bar =
== Mozilla Firefox ==
Firefox uses the globe icon instead of the icon with the firefox. I like to change the icon to the Firefox icon.
* right click the Firefox icon in the toolbar
* click on Properties
* click on the icon
* in the search box, type "fire"
* double-click on the FireFox icon
* click OK
= Customizing the K menu =
== Run KSysV as root ==
* click on "K > System"
* right-click on "KSysV (SysV-Init Editor)"
* click on "Edit Item"
* in the Command text field, add sudo to the front of the command
sudo ksysv -caption "%c" %i %m
* uncheck "Run as different user"
* click on "File > Save"
* click on "File > Quit"

= Changing the background image =
Change the background image to Debian Blue:
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Background"
* click the radio button "Picture"
* choose "Debian Blue" from the drop-down menu
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Changing the splash screen =
Change the splash screen to "Redmond":
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Splash Screen"
* click on Redmond
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Setting up and starting services =
== Setting up webmin ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost:10000/
# install/setup
sudo -i
passwd
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin
rm /etc/rc?.d/*webmin
update-rc.d webmin start 30 2 3 4 5 . stop 70 0 1 6 .
/etc/init.d/webmin stop
/etc/init.d/webmin start
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost:10000/

== Setting up the apache webserver ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/
# install/setup
sudo -i
update-rc.d apache start 40 2 3 4 5 . stop 60 0 1 6 .
/etc/init.d/apache stop
/etc/init.d/apache start
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/

setting up webmin-apache
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-apache
#
# test connection to apache module and configure (I choose the defaults)
lynx https://localhost:10000/apache/index.cgi

== Setting up the SSH server ==
# test
ssh knoppix@localhost
# install/setup
sudo -i
passwd knoppix
update-rc.d ssh start 35 2 3 4 5 . stop 65 0 1 6 .
perl -i -plne 's/(^PermitRootLogin) yes/$1 no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
/etc/init.d/ssh stop
/etc/init.d/ssh start
# test
ssh knoppix@localhost

setting up webmin-ssh
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-sshd
#
# test connection to sshd module
https://localhost:10000/sshd/index.cgi

== Setting up the MySQL server ==
# test
mysql --no-defaults -h localhost -u root mysql -e 'status'
# install/setup
sudo -i
update-rc.d mysql start 35 2 3 4 5 . stop 65 0 1 6 .
perl -i -plne 's/(^old_pass)/# $1/' /etc/mysql/my.cnf
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
/etc/init.d/mysql start
# test
mysql --no-defaults -h localhost -u root mysql -e 'status'

configuring MySQL root account
# set a root password
mysqladmin --no-defaults -h localhost -u root password 123456
# unset the root password
mysqladmin --no-defaults -h localhost -u root -p123456 password ''

setting up webmin-mysql
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-mysql
#
# test connection to MySQL module
lynx https://localhost:10000/mysql/index.cgi

== Setting up Mediawiki ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/mediawiki/

# install
apt-get update
apt-get install mediawiki

# enable index.php
perl -i -plne '$rep="\n\tDirectoryIndex index.html index.htm " .
"index.shtml index.cgi index.php" ;
s#(^.*/mediawiki/>)#$1$rep#' /etc/mediawiki/apache.conf
/etc/init.d/apache reload

# configure -- Fill in form
lynx http://localhost/mediawiki/

# If configuring worked, move the config files around
( set -x
mv /var/lib/mediawiki/config/LocalSettings.php /etc/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php &&
chmod 600 /etc/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php &&
rm -rf /var/lib/mediawiki/config/
)
/etc/init.d/apache reload

Customizing environment using 4.0.2CD

2006-07-07T07:53:15Z

Jacksonon:

These are the steps I use to customize my Knoppix 4.0.2 environment.

__TOC__
= Persistent Disk Image (PDI) =
A persistent disk image allows me to customize Knoppix without having to remaster the CD. With a generic Knoppix CD and a PDI, I can take my environment to just about any computer.

Create a persistent disk image either from the GUI or the command line
* From within KDE
K > KNOPPIX > Configure > Create persistent KNOPPIX image
* command line
knoppix-mkimage
I prefer an image size of 500 MB, which is just large enough for a significant amount of software updates yet small enough to fit on a USB thumb drive. I don't choose encryption, but that's a personal preference. Once you create the image, reboot and specify the image at the boot prompt. Assuming the knoppix.img is at /mnt/sda1/, then:
boot: knoppix home=/mnt/sda1/knoppix.img
Note: Specifying the home folder may not be necessary. Apparently, Knoppix scans for the knoppix.img even if one does not specify home=.

= Installing Microsoft's True Type fonts =
Installing Microsoft's True Type fonts using apt-get at the command line
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
Change the fonts in KDE:
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Fonts"
* click "Adjust All Fonts"
* check "Font"
* highlight "Bitstream Vera Sans"
* click "OK"
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Customizing the tool bar =
== Mozilla Firefox ==
Firefox uses the globe icon instead of the icon with the firefox. I like to change the icon to the Firefox icon.
* right click the Firefox icon in the toolbar
* click on Properties
* click on the icon
* in the search box, type "fire"
* double-click on the FireFox icon
* click OK
= Customizing the K menu =
== Run KSysV as root ==
* click on "K > System"
* right-click on "KSysV (SysV-Init Editor)"
* click on "Edit Item"
* in the Command text field, add sudo to the front of the command
sudo ksysv -caption "%c" %i %m
* uncheck "Run as different user"
* click on "File > Save"
* click on "File > Quit"

= Changing the background image =
Change the background image to Debian Blue:
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Background"
* click the radio button "Picture"
* choose "Debian Blue" from the drop-down menu
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Changing the splash screen =
Change the splash screen to "Redmond":
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Splash Screen"
* click on Redmond
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Setting up and starting services =
== Setting up webmin ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost:10000/
# install/setup
sudo -i
passwd
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin
\rm /etc/rc?.d/*webmin
update-rc.d webmin start 30 2 3 4 5 . stop 70 0 1 6 .
/etc/init.d/webmin stop
/etc/init.d/webmin start
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost:10000/

== Setting up the apache webserver ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/
# install/setup
sudo -i
update-rc.d apache start 40 2 3 4 5 . stop 60 0 1 6 .
/etc/init.d/apache stop
/etc/init.d/apache start
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/

setting up webmin-apache
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-apache
#
# test connection to apache module and configure (I choose the defaults)
lynx https://localhost:10000/apache/index.cgi

== Setting up the SSH server ==
# test
ssh knoppix@localhost
# install/setup
sudo -i
passwd knoppix
update-rc.d ssh start 35 2 3 4 5 . stop 65 0 1 6 .
perl -i -plne 's/(^PermitRootLogin) yes/$1 no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
/etc/init.d/ssh stop
/etc/init.d/ssh start
# test
ssh knoppix@localhost

setting up webmin-ssh
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-sshd
#
# test connection to sshd module
https://localhost:10000/sshd/index.cgi

== Setting up the MySQL server ==
# test
mysql --no-defaults -h localhost -u root mysql -e 'status'
# install/setup
sudo -i
update-rc.d mysql start 35 2 3 4 5 . stop 65 0 1 6 .
perl -i -plne 's/(^old_pass)/# $1/' /etc/mysql/my.cnf
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
/etc/init.d/mysql start
# test
mysql --no-defaults -h localhost -u root mysql -e 'status'

configuring MySQL root account
# set a root password
mysqladmin --no-defaults -h localhost -u root password 123456
# unset the root password
mysqladmin --no-defaults -h localhost -u root -p123456 password ''

setting up webmin-mysql
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-mysql
#
# test connection to MySQL module
lynx https://localhost:10000/mysql/index.cgi

== Setting up Mediawiki ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/mediawiki/

# install
apt-get update
apt-get install mediawiki

# enable index.php
perl -i -plne '$rep="\n\tDirectoryIndex index.html index.htm " .
"index.shtml index.cgi index.php" ;
s#(^.*/mediawiki/>)#$1$rep#' /etc/mediawiki/apache.conf
/etc/init.d/apache reload

# configure -- Fill in form
lynx http://localhost/mediawiki/

# If configuring worked, move the config files around
( set -x
mv /var/lib/mediawiki/config/LocalSettings.php /etc/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php &&
chmod 600 /etc/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php &&
rm -rf /var/lib/mediawiki/config/
)
/etc/init.d/apache reload

FluxBox

2005-05-20T19:56:05Z

Jacksonon: typo: flexbox -> fluxbox

Describe [[FluxBox]] here.

: [[Fluxbox]] is a lightweight and slick window manager. Unlike the heavy weights, Gnome and KDE which take 15-30 seconds to get up and running, Fluxbox is up and running as soon as you hit the enter key. Its menu and configuration is done by simple files located in the user directory under the name .fluxbox.

: One item to note: don't be put off initially by the rather extremely small fonts that are configured for the styles that come with fluxbox. Simply change them from 100's to 120's in the style files and Fluxbox looks as good as any WM could.

: [[Fluxbox]] has a slick tabbing mechanism for windows. You can combine multiple windows into one window with tabs across the top by simply middle-clicking the tab of one window (and holding it down) and dragging and dropping on the tab of another window. This is very nice for cleaning up a desktop without exiling applications to other virtual windows (it has those too).

: Another nice feature is [[Fluxbox]]'s support for docking applications. Basicially a docking app runs as sort of an icon with minature display or controls. But not like an icon, more like small controls on a walkman (for example) as opposed to a big dial face of a home stereo. Look at some screen shots, you'll see them.

: Fluxbox is an amazing piece of software that does not depend on other WMs. It is small, fast and almost a sure thing for pleasing the eye. (Source < 500K)

User:WikiQuu

2005-03-31T11:37:42Z

Jacksonon:

Hi, I'm a bastard

Main Page

2005-03-31T11:36:11Z

Jacksonon:

i'm sorry to delete all this, but some bastard messed this page up with his kiddie-porn