Knoppix Documentation Wiki - User contributions [en]

User:Harry Kuhman

2009-08-15T07:46:08Z

Harry Kuhman: typo fix

You are likely here because the answer to your question is the same as it was the last few hundred times it was asked and answered. Follow the '''documentation link''' near the top of the page and read the '''wiki''' section that applies, or take the other advice in the appropriate section:

If you were referenced to answer '''#1''' read the '''downloading faq''', which includes testing and burning information, including information about what is the most common burning error that leads people to wrongly say ''"the disc must be good, it worked on a different system"''. All of the information in this FAQ is important.

If you were referenced to answer '''#2''' then read the '''HDD install''' information, particularly the warning that this is not a good idea for a new user, and some of the problems that you will encounter if you insist on doing a hard disk install with this Live CD/DVD. Also consider the advice of the great philosophers Mr. T and Nelson.

If you were referenced to answer '''#3''', it's most likely because you want network help, but have omitted critical information about your network, like what NIC hardware you are using, what router (make and model), or even what type of service you have (DSL is different than cable, we need to know if we are going to help). It also helps if you give people the result of simple basic commands, like netcardconfig and ifconfig. If your response has USB in it anywhere someone may still help you, but I will not be responding. USB is an awful technology to mix with networking and causes awful problems. If your ISP provided USB equipment, insist on true ethernet interfaces instead, and see #9 below.

If you were referenced to answer '''#4''' I just want to share with you a simple tip. While you may be able to get your system working without a router, I really don't understand any logic in not using one any more (DSL systems without routers require running PPPoE or similar software that I do not use). These things are now dirt cheap (I've seen many, wired, wireless and even 802.11g high speed routers for under $10 and as low as $2.99 after rebate [one was even "free"]). Even without sales or rebates these can be purchased in most countries for under $30 (U.S. dollars). These devices take care of all Knoppix Internet setup for you by DHCP and provide you an important level of NAT firewall security. They use far less electricity than a windows box running "connection sharing" software, and you'll find that not giving windows a chance to impact your Linux connection is a wise move. If you are running Knoppix then a router will make your high speed connection much cleaner. In fact, while we have had a few problems with some routers not DHCP handshaking with Knoppix properly, by far the most common problem that we see with router users is that they think it's harder to get Knoppix set up for Internet access than it is and look for network configuration procedures when they are already on the Internet, like in [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=25087 this example]. And if you are still running Windows then you are asking for trouble if you are not using one. Some modems now include a router, so check if your does and if it is enabled before buying a router. Wireless networking is not well supported in Knoppix; see the wireless networking section of the wiki for details.

If you were referenced to answer '''#5''' see the '''Rescue FAQ''' in the wiki.

If you were referenced to answer '''#6''', yes, by default Knoppix opens all partitions (except it's own RAM drive) as read only. One primary purpose of Knoppix is to let new users see and get a feel for Linux without installing anything, and the read only approach is an effort to try to ''do no harm'' when in the hands of a new user. You can change this by using the '''mount command''' (see the shell command '''man mount''' for details) or with the following: Versions 4.0.2 and prior: by right clicking on the partition icon and using the '''actions ...''' sub-menu. Versions 5.0.1 and later: The right click menu has changed. First open the partition in Konquror by clicking on the icon for it (hda1 or your icon of choice); then once mounted go back to the icon, right click and use the "change read/write mode" option. You no longer go into the actions... sub-menu. You can't write to an NTFS partition. This is a design choice of Microsoft, not Linux or Knoppix. Don't even try; you'll likely corrupt the partition if you manage it. But Knoppix can write to FAT partitions just fine. If you don't know the difference between FAT and NTFS get to Google before you do anything else and do some research.

Starting with version 5.0.1 of Knoppix, the claim is now made that Knoppix can write to NTFS in a "limited way". I have no clue what the heck a "limited way" means. Personally I do not intend to risk my NTFS partition to this new technology just yet and I'm not going to advise others to do so untill we see some good results with meaningful information posted. If you think Knoppix now supports writing to NTFS then go right ahead, better you than me, and please let us know your results in full detail.

Starting with Knoppix 6, you may not find the default is read-only any more. But you should not take that as any indication that it is safe to write to NTFS. Quite frankly I find 6.x pretty useless and very much unsupportable, so if you are trying to use it, good luck.

If you were referenced to answer '''#7''' it was because of your choice of a '''subject line'''. Some people actually search the forums to see what others have posted before posting, or use the site's [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/search.php built-in search engine] to try to search the subjects and resolve their own problems quickly and without waiting for others to type redundant information just for them. For this to work the subject lines here need to have meaningful information in them. Imagine how useless the forums would become if all of the threads had titles like "I'm new" or "I want help". Someone reading posts and looking for people who need help doesn't need a headline asking for help or claiming one is new at Knoppix; rather it is a bit of an insult that you think they should have to read the body of your post to find out what it's about rather than be up front about this and let them decide from the subject line if it's a topic they have experience to contribute to. I will no longer answer even simple questions when they have such a subject line. [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=16574 See this sticky post in the General forum for more details.] '''You can and should go back and use the '''edit''' button to change your post and modify the subject line to something more meaningful and informative.''' We do not wish to have the forum littered with such posts, so if you do not edit the subject line after being asked, your post may be deleted entirely.

If you were referenced to answer '''#8''' it is because you sent me a private message asking for technical support or information. In the past I've answered these messages but tried to discourage them; at this time I've decided that I have to stop giving personal responses to such messages, even if it seems to me like I can give a simple quick one line answer. The problem is that simple one line answers seldom turn out to be simple one line answers, and more often than not they end up generating even more private messages with more questions that should be public. Private messages certainly have their place if the message is really private, but if asking Knoppix related question, please use the forums. I read all of the forums except the German one, so I'll respond if I think I have anything helpful to contribute (as long as the question hasn't been asked and answered countless times before and it's not about a hard disk installation). Others are likely to respond too, so you'll likely get an answer faster by posting in the forums. And I certainly don't have all of the answers. And any answer I or others do provide will be available to others if it is posted in one of the forums, it will be of no help to others if discussed in a private message. And any error I make in a private message can't be caught and corrected by others. I'm not the owner of this site, I'm one of several moderators and little more than a janitor. I have to guess that the reason that you contacted me is because I am active in the forums. If you know I am active there, why send me a private message? So if you're reading this in response to a question that you asked in a private message, please find an appropriate forum and post the question under a meaningful subject line.

If you were referenced to answer '''#9''', let me explain to you that USB is awful for high speed networking and that USB DSL modems are complete crap that should have never been made. Getting drivers for anything except ''some'' versions of Windows is only part of the problem. (Dial up USB modems often only have driver support for Windows, but that's a different problem.) In the interest of full disclosure, if you search the Knoppix forums here you will find some reports that some people have kinda been able to get some Speedtouch USB models to work with Linux. But that doesn't tell the full story. People who have switched from USB to ethernet see major improvements in their system performance; USB is just a technology that was not intended for use in networking and will strangle your network connection. And using a USB modem keeps you from using a hardware firewall router (and software firewalls are very vulnerable, and the one MS provided with XP has weaknesses that are known to most hackers making it a dangerous delusion). Of course, a USB modem keeps you from having a small home network and sharing that connection with more than one computer also. My advice is if the modem came from the ISP raise hell with them and get a decent ethernet modem as a replacement. You will likely be told a few times that they will not help you and you will certainly have to talk to one or more supervisors. But if you remain calm but insist that you get what you need to operate your system safely at home and get the network throughput that you are paying good money for, you almost certainly can get it, and at no additional charge. If not, switch to a Internet Service Provider who will provide the equipment that you need. Or find a friend who has switched to a high speed cable service and still has an old ethernet DSL modem gathering dust that he will give you. But you don't have to and should not live with a USB modem or other USB networking equipment. Also, see my answer #4 above, which only applies if you have or get an ethernet connection. Let me also say that my ISP tried to give me a "free" USB modem and wanted to charge hundreds of dollars for an ethernet modem. I held my ground and got my ethernet modem at no cost. They wanted my business. And I am certain that if the smoke escaped from my modem today that I could pick up the phone and get a replacement ethernet modem. Oh, I'm sure that I would first be told I couldn't get one, that free modems were only for new customers and all of the rest, but I have no doubt that when I had a supervisor pull up what I had spent on DSL over the last seven years and told them that they could either replace the modem with another ethernet modem or cancel the account that I would have a replacement modem on it's way to me. Also, on occasion a user here has reported having a USB modem but it turned out that their modem had both USB and ethernet connections. If you happen to have such a modem then get an ethernet cable and get a $5 ethernet NIC if your computer does not already have one and use the ethernet connection. Fill the USB jack with chewing gum or hot glue and pretend that it's not even there.

User:Harry Kuhman

2009-08-15T07:42:43Z

Harry Kuhman: elaborated on 8

You are likely here because the answer to your question is the same as it was the last few hundred times it was asked and answered. Follow the '''documentation link''' near the top of the page and read the '''wiki''' section that applies, or take the other advice in the appropriate section:

If you were referenced to answer '''#1''' read the '''downloading faq''', which includes testing and burning information, including information about what is the most common burning error that leads people to wrongly say ''"the disc must be good, it worked on a different system"''. All of the information in this FAQ is important.

If you were referenced to answer '''#2''' then read the '''HDD install''' information, particularly the warning that this is not a good idea for a new user, and some of the problems that you will encounter if you insist on doing a hard disk install with this Live CD/DVD. Also consider the advice of the great philosophers Mr. T and Nelson.

If you were referenced to answer '''#3''', it's most likely because you want network help, but have omitted critical information about your network, like what NIC hardware you are using, what router (make and model), or even what type of service you have (DSL is different than cable, we need to know if we are going to help). It also helps if you give people the result of simple basic commands, like netcardconfig and ifconfig. If your response has USB in it anywhere someone may still help you, but I will not be responding. USB is an awful technology to mix with networking and causes awful problems. If your ISP provided USB equipment, insist on true ethernet interfaces instead, and see #9 below.

If you were referenced to answer '''#4''' I just want to share with you a simple tip. While you may be able to get your system working without a router, I really don't understand any logic in not using one any more (DSL systems without routers require running PPPoE or similar software that I do not use). These things are now dirt cheap (I've seen many, wired, wireless and even 802.11g high speed routers for under $10 and as low as $2.99 after rebate [one was even "free"]). Even without sales or rebates these can be purchased in most countries for under $30 (U.S. dollars). These devices take care of all Knoppix Internet setup for you by DHCP and provide you an important level of NAT firewall security. They use far less electricity than a windows box running "connection sharing" software, and you'll find that not giving windows a chance to impact your Linux connection is a wise move. If you are running Knoppix then a router will make your high speed connection much cleaner. In fact, while we have had a few problems with some routers not DHCP handshaking with Knoppix properly, by far the most common problem that we see with router users is that they think it's harder to get Knoppix set up for Internet access than it is and look for network configuration procedures when they are already on the Internet, like in [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=25087 this example]. And if you are still running Windows then you are asking for trouble if you are not using one. Some modems now include a router, so check if your does and if it is enabled before buying a router. Wireless networking is not well supported in Knoppix; see the wireless networking section of the wiki for details.

If you were referenced to answer '''#5''' see the '''Rescue FAQ''' in the wiki.

If you were referenced to answer '''#6''', yes, by default Knoppix opens all partitions (except it's own RAM drive) as read only. One primary purpose of Knoppix is to let new users see and get a feel for Linux without installing anything, and the read only approach is an effort to try to ''do no harm'' when in the hands of a new user. You can change this by using the '''mount command''' (see the shell command '''man mount''' for details) or with the following: Versions 4.0.2 and prior: by right clicking on the partition icon and using the '''actions ...''' sub-menu. Versions 5.0.1 and later: The right click menu has changed. First open the partition in Konquror by clicking on the icon for it (hda1 or your icon of choice); then once mounted go back to the icon, right click and use the "change read/write mode" option. You no longer go into the actions... sub-menu. You can't write to an NTFS partition. This is a design choice of Microsoft, not Linux or Knoppix. Don't even try; you'll likely corrupt the partition if you manage it. But Knoppix can write to FAT partitions just fine. If you don't know the difference between FAT and NTFS get to Google before you do anything else and do some research.

Starting with version 5.0.1 of Knoppix, the claim is now made that Knoppix can write to NTFS in a "limited way". I have no clue what the heck a "limited way" means. Personally I do not intend to risk my NTFS partition to this new technology just yet and I'm not going to advise others to do so untill we see some good results with meaningful information posted. If you think Knoppix now supports writing to NTFS then go right ahead, better you than me, and please let us know your results in full detail.

Starting with Knoppix 6, you may not find the default is read-only any more. But you should not take that as any indication that it is safe to write to NTFS. Quite frankly I find 6.x pretty useless and very much unsupportable, so if you are trying to use it, good luck.

If you were referenced to answer '''#7''' it was because of your choice of a '''subject line'''. Some people actually search the forums to see what others have posted before posting, or use the site's [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/search.php built-in search engine] to try to search the subjects and resolve their own problems quickly and without waiting for others to type redundant information just for them. For this to work the subject lines here need to have meaningful information in them. Imagine how useless the forums would become if all of the threads had titles like "I'm new" or "I want help". Someone reading posts and looking for people who need help doesn't need a headline asking for help or claiming one is new at Knoppix; rather it is a bit of an insult that you think they should have to read the body of your post to find out what it's about rather than be up front about this and let them decide from the subject line if it's a topic they have experience to contribute to. I will no longer answer even simple questions when they have such a subject line. [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=16574 See this sticky post in the General forum for more details.] '''You can and should go back and use the '''edit''' button to change your post and modify the subject line to something more meaningful and informative.''' We do not wish to have the forum littered with such posts, so if you do not edit the subject line after being asked, your post may be deleted entirely.

If you were referenced to answer '''#8''' it is because you sent me a private message asking for technical support or information. In the past I've answered these messages but tried to discourage them; at this time I've decided that I have to stop giving personal responses to such messages, even if it seems to me like I can give a simple quick one line answer. The problem is that simple one line answers seldom turn out to be simple one line answers, and more often than not they end up generating even more private messages with more questions that should be public. Private messages certainly have their place if the message is really private, but if asking Knoppix related question, please use the forums. I read all of the forums except the German one, so I'll respond if I think I have anything helpful to contribute (as long as the question hasn't been asked and answered countless times before and it's not about a hard disk installation). Others are likely to respond too, so you'll likely get an answer faster by posting in the forums. And I certainly don't have all of the answers. And any answer I or others do provide will be available to others if it is posted in one of the forums, it will be of no help to others if discussed in a private message. And any error I make in a private message can't be caught and corrected by others. I'm not the owner of this site, I'm one of several moderators and little more than a janitor. I have to guess that the reason that you contacted me is because I am active in the forums. If you know I am active there, why send me a private message? So if you're reading this in response to a question that you asked in a private message, please find an appropriate forum and post the question under a meaningful subject line.

If you were referenced to answer '''#9''', let me explain to you that USB is awful for high speed networking and that USB DSL modems are complete crap that should have never been made. Getting drivers for anything except ''some'' versions of Windows is only part of the problem. (Dial up USB modems often only have driver support for Windows, but that's a different problem.) In the interest of full disclosure, if you search the Knoppix forums here you will find some reports that some people have kinda been able to get some Speedtouch USB models to work with Linux. But that doesn't tell the full story. People who have switched from USB to ethernet see major improvements in their system performance; USB is just a technology that was not intended for use in networking and will strangle your network connection. And using a USB modem keeps you from using a hardware firewall router (and software firewalls are very vulnerable, and the one MS provides with XP has weaknesses that are known to most hackers making it a dangerous delusion). Of course, a USB modem keeps you from having a small home network and sharing that connection with more than one computer also. My advice is if the modem came from the ISP raise hell with them and get a decent ethernet modem as a replacement. You will likely be told a few times that they will not help you and you will certainly have to talk to one or more supervisors. But if you remain calm but insist that you get what you need to operate your system safely at home and get the network throughput that you are paying good money for, you almost certainly can get it, and at no additional charge. If not, switch to a Internet Service Provider who will provide the equipment that you need. Or find a friend who has switched to a high speed cable service and still has an old ethernet DSL modem gathering dust that he will give you. But you don't have to and should not live with a USB modem or other USB networking equipment. Also, see my answer #4 above, which only applies if you have or get an ethernet connection. Let me also say that my ISP tried to give me a "free" USB modem and wanted to charge hundreds of dollars for an ethernet modem. I held my ground and got my ethernet modem at no cost. They wanted my business. And I am certain that if the smoke escaped from my modem today that I could pick up the phone and get a replacement ethernet modem. Oh, I'm sure that I would first be told I couldn't get one, that free modems were only for new customers and all of the rest, but I have no doubt that when I had a supervisor pull up what I had spent on DSL over the last seven years and told them that they could either replace the modem with another ethernet modem or cancel the account that I would have a replacement modem on it's way to me. Also, on occasion a user here has reported having a USB modem but it turned out that their modem had both USB and ethernet connections. If you happen to have such a modem then get an ethernet cable and get a $5 ethernet NIC if your computer does not already have one and use the ethernet connection. Fill the USB jack with chewing gum or hot glue and pretend that it's not even there.

User:Harry Kuhman

2009-06-12T19:29:54Z

Harry Kuhman:

You are likely here because the answer to your question is the same as it was the last few hundred times it was asked and answered. Follow the '''documentation link''' near the top of the page and read the '''wiki''' section that applies, or take the other advice in the appropriate section:

If you were referenced to answer '''#1''' read the '''downloading faq''', which includes testing and burning information, including information about what is the most common burning error that leads people to wrongly say ''"the disc must be good, it worked on a different system"''. All of the information in this FAQ is important.

If you were referenced to answer '''#2''' then read the '''HDD install''' information, particularly the warning that this is not a good idea for a new user, and some of the problems that you will encounter if you insist on doing a hard disk install with this Live CD/DVD. Also consider the advice of the great philosophers Mr. T and Nelson.

If you were referenced to answer '''#3''', it's most likely because you want network help, but have omitted critical information about your network, like what NIC hardware you are using, what router (make and model), or even what type of service you have (DSL is different than cable, we need to know if we are going to help). It also helps if you give people the result of simple basic commands, like netcardconfig and ifconfig. If your response has USB in it anywhere someone may still help you, but I will not be responding. USB is an awful technology to mix with networking and causes awful problems. If your ISP provided USB equipment, insist on true ethernet interfaces instead, and see #9 below.

If you were referenced to answer '''#4''' I just want to share with you a simple tip. While you may be able to get your system working without a router, I really don't understand any logic in not using one any more (DSL systems without routers require running PPPoE or similar software that I do not use). These things are now dirt cheap (I've seen many, wired, wireless and even 802.11g high speed routers for under $10 and as low as $2.99 after rebate [one was even "free"]). Even without sales or rebates these can be purchased in most countries for under $30 (U.S. dollars). These devices take care of all Knoppix Internet setup for you by DHCP and provide you an important level of NAT firewall security. They use far less electricity than a windows box running "connection sharing" software, and you'll find that not giving windows a chance to impact your Linux connection is a wise move. If you are running Knoppix then a router will make your high speed connection much cleaner. In fact, while we have had a few problems with some routers not DHCP handshaking with Knoppix properly, by far the most common problem that we see with router users is that they think it's harder to get Knoppix set up for Internet access than it is and look for network configuration procedures when they are already on the Internet, like in [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=25087 this example]. And if you are still running Windows then you are asking for trouble if you are not using one. Some modems now include a router, so check if your does and if it is enabled before buying a router. Wireless networking is not well supported in Knoppix; see the wireless networking section of the wiki for details.

If you were referenced to answer '''#5''' see the '''Rescue FAQ''' in the wiki.

If you were referenced to answer '''#6''', yes, by default Knoppix opens all partitions (except it's own RAM drive) as read only. One primary purpose of Knoppix is to let new users see and get a feel for Linux without installing anything, and the read only approach is an effort to try to ''do no harm'' when in the hands of a new user. You can change this by using the '''mount command''' (see the shell command '''man mount''' for details) or with the following: Versions 4.0.2 and prior: by right clicking on the partition icon and using the '''actions ...''' sub-menu. Versions 5.0.1 and later: The right click menu has changed. First open the partition in Konquror by clicking on the icon for it (hda1 or your icon of choice); then once mounted go back to the icon, right click and use the "change read/write mode" option. You no longer go into the actions... sub-menu. You can't write to an NTFS partition. This is a design choice of Microsoft, not Linux or Knoppix. Don't even try; you'll likely corrupt the partition if you manage it. But Knoppix can write to FAT partitions just fine. If you don't know the difference between FAT and NTFS get to Google before you do anything else and do some research.

Starting with version 5.0.1 of Knoppix, the claim is now made that Knoppix can write to NTFS in a "limited way". I have no clue what the heck a "limited way" means. Personally I do not intend to risk my NTFS partition to this new technology just yet and I'm not going to advise others to do so untill we see some good results with meaningful information posted. If you think Knoppix now supports writing to NTFS then go right ahead, better you than me, and please let us know your results in full detail.

Starting with Knoppix 6, you may not find the default is read-only any more. But you should not take that as any indication that it is safe to write to NTFS. Quite frankly I find 6.x pretty useless and very much unsupportable, so if you are trying to use it, good luck.

If you were referenced to answer '''#7''' it was because of your choice of a '''subject line'''. Some people actually search the forums to see what others have posted before posting, or use the site's [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/search.php built-in search engine] to try to search the subjects and resolve their own problems quickly and without waiting for others to type redundant information just for them. For this to work the subject lines here need to have meaningful information in them. Imagine how useless the forums would become if all of the threads had titles like "I'm new" or "I want help". Someone reading posts and looking for people who need help doesn't need a headline asking for help or claiming one is new at Knoppix; rather it is a bit of an insult that you think they should have to read the body of your post to find out what it's about rather than be up front about this and let them decide from the subject line if it's a topic they have experience to contribute to. I will no longer answer even simple questions when they have such a subject line. [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=16574 See this sticky post in the General forum for more details.] '''You can and should go back and use the '''edit''' button to change your post and modify the subject line to something more meaningful and informative.''' We do not wish to have the forum littered with such posts, so if you do not edit the subject line after being asked, your post may be deleted entirely.

If you were referenced to answer '''#8''' it is because you sent me a private message asking for technical support or information. In the past I've answered these messages but tried to discourage them; at this time I've decided that I have to stop giving personal responses to such messages, even if it seems to me like I can give a simple quick one line answer. The problem is that simple one line answers seldom turn out to be simple one line answers, and more often than not they end up generating even more private messages with more questions that should be public. Private messages certainly have their place if the message is really private, but if asking Knoppix related question, please use the forums. I read all of the forums except the German one, so I'll respond if I think I have anything helpful to contribute (as long as the question hasn't been asked and answered countless times before and it's not about a hard disk installation). Others are likely to respond too, so you'll likely get an answer faster by posting in the forums. And I certainly don't have all of the answers. And any answer I or others do provide will be available to others if it is posted in one of the forums, it will be of no help to others if discussed in a private message. And any error I make in a private message can't be caught and corrected by others. So if you're reading this in response to a question that you asked in a private message, please find an appropriate forum and post the question under a meaningful subject line.

If you were referenced to answer '''#9''', let me explain to you that USB is awful for high speed networking and that USB DSL modems are complete crap that should have never been made. Getting drivers for anything except ''some'' versions of Windows is only part of the problem. (Dial up USB modems often only have driver support for Windows, but that's a different problem.) In the interest of full disclosure, if you search the Knoppix forums here you will find some reports that some people have kinda been able to get some Speedtouch USB models to work with Linux. But that doesn't tell the full story. People who have switched from USB to ethernet see major improvements in their system performance; USB is just a technology that was not intended for use in networking and will strangle your network connection. And using a USB modem keeps you from using a hardware firewall router (and software firewalls are very vulnerable, and the one MS provides with XP has weaknesses that are known to most hackers making it a dangerous delusion). Of course, a USB modem keeps you from having a small home network and sharing that connection with more than one computer also. My advice is if the modem came from the ISP raise hell with them and get a decent ethernet modem as a replacement. You will likely be told a few times that they will not help you and you will certainly have to talk to one or more supervisors. But if you remain calm but insist that you get what you need to operate your system safely at home and get the network throughput that you are paying good money for, you almost certainly can get it, and at no additional charge. If not, switch to a Internet Service Provider who will provide the equipment that you need. Or find a friend who has switched to a high speed cable service and still has an old ethernet DSL modem gathering dust that he will give you. But you don't have to and should not live with a USB modem or other USB networking equipment. Also, see my answer #4 above, which only applies if you have or get an ethernet connection. Let me also say that my ISP tried to give me a "free" USB modem and wanted to charge hundreds of dollars for an ethernet modem. I held my ground and got my ethernet modem at no cost. They wanted my business. And I am certain that if the smoke escaped from my modem today that I could pick up the phone and get a replacement ethernet modem. Oh, I'm sure that I would first be told I couldn't get one, that free modems were only for new customers and all of the rest, but I have no doubt that when I had a supervisor pull up what I had spent on DSL over the last seven years and told them that they could either replace the modem with another ethernet modem or cancel the account that I would have a replacement modem on it's way to me. Also, on occasion a user here has reported having a USB modem but it turned out that their modem had both USB and ethernet connections. If you happen to have such a modem then get an ethernet cable and get a $5 ethernet NIC if your computer does not already have one and use the ethernet connection. Fill the USB jack with chewing gum or hot glue and pretend that it's not even there.

User talk:Harry Kuhman

2008-07-21T18:54:14Z

Harry Kuhman: some dolt added somethinmg, removed.

Address complaints to Eadz, I can't make any changes, I only empty the trash around here.

Private Message is a much better way to reach him or any registered user than putting something in the wiki and hoping someone will find it. Don't post messages to me here, use the forum Private Message feature, otherwise your message will be deleted and likely ignored.

Downloading FAQ

2008-05-03T01:54:47Z

Harry Kuhman: /* Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images? */

This FAQ is comprised of both downloading & burning questions.

*This FAQ translated into other languages. May not be current or in sync with this FAQ
**German version: [[Faq DownloadingDeutsch]]
**Spanish version:[[FAQ_Descargando|Faq Descargando]]
**Indonesian version: [[Indonesian downloading FAQ]]
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Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]
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:Tip: Use CD-RWs instead of CD-Rs every time you can - save your budget and our environment!

====Q: Which version is the newest and which should I download?====

A: As of March 2008 the current release is 5.3.1. There was no official Internet release of any 5.2.x version. So far (as of May 2, 2008) there has only been a DVD release of 5.3.1, so if you want a CD release 5.1.1 is the most current release available. Versions sometimes change frequently, but the newest official versions should always be on the official BitTorrent Tracker, so get the most current status of version information there. They usually show up shortly after on most of the mirrors also, but some mirrors may take a week or more to update. Sometimes unofficial releases also come out, recently these have been copies of versions of Knoppix released for magazines or trade shows. Use these unofficial versions at your own risk.

Official versions of Knoppix will have both a version number and a release date in their name. Some versions of Knoppix (for example 3.1 and 3.3) had several releases with different dates for minor bug fixes but did not change the version number, so checking the release date may be important. Recent versions of Knoppix starting with Knoppix 4 will have either CD or DVD in their name, indicating the size of the distribution and the intended media for writing the ISO. [http://www.trypop.com CD] distributions have less software than the DVD release, but the CD version is still very extensive and can be booted on more systems than the DVD version. The CD version is prefered by many users who wish to carry a Live CD and be able to use it on almost any system that they try to boot it on. The file names (before the ISO extension) will end in either DE or EN. The DE version will by default boot into German. The EN version will default to booting into English.

The official torrent site will usually also contain at least one older version of Knoppix and one or more versions of Games Knoppix, a version of Knoppix loaded with games, sometimes called GK. Most mirrors also contain one older version of Knoppix but might not contain Games Knoppix.

There is currently no known website that offers all old released versions of Knoppix.

====Q: How do I get the CD/current beta?====

A: Several possibilities:

* Download with [[Bittorrent]] from [http://torrent.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/ The Unix-AG BitTorrent Tracker]. Get BitTorrent (if you need it) from http://www.bittorrent.com/. Be sure you set up your firewall setting properly. Properly configured BitTorrent will usually download Knoppix much faster than getting it from the mirrors. [http://guides.radified.com/magoo/guides/bittorrent/bittorrent_01.html "Magoo's Complete Guide to BitTorrent and BitTornado"] will help you configure it & get it working. BitTorrent is by far the fastest and most reliable way to download the ISO. See this thread for one discussion of that: http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=25708

* Download from one of the mirrors listed at [http://www.knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Download Page]. Try to choose the mirror nearest you for best results.
When downloading from a mirror, be sure to also get the matching md5 file. When downloading with BitTorrent you get a set of all related files in one download.
** If you download the ISO image file from a mirror, then also download the [http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Downloading_FAQ#Q:_What_are_these_strange_MD5_files_that_accompany_the_ISO_CD_images.3F accompanying MD5 file] too. If you download by BitTorrent then you will also get an md5 file automatically, although BitTorrent has it's own checks and the md5 is only a second recheck of a good download.

* Order a CD. If a 700Mb download is too much for your bandwidth capabilities, you can order the newest CD from a retailer on [http://knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Order Page]

====Q:Can you download Knoppix in parts if you have a low bandwith (28.8 Kbps) such a pausing the download and continue it another day?====

A: Yes, [[Bittorrent]] supports resume, and so do many ftp clients such as wget ( use wget -c ) or ncftp.
You can use other [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/download download managers] too.

====Q: I can't write to my hard disk while running Knoppix from cd. How can I save the .iso file?====

A: Try downloading to a 1gb (or larger) USB jumpdrive.

====Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?====

A: The files with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5 .md5] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-1 .sha1] extensions contain checksums for the actual CD [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/iso ISO images]. A checksum is a way of fingerprinting files. Just like a real fingerprint identifies a single person, a checksum is unique and matches exactly one file. It is used to verify that the file downloaded matches the original all the way down to the smallest details. In the case of downloading a Knoppix ISO image, the MD5 and SHA1 checksums are used in order to verify that the file downloaded is perfect and not corrupt.

Many file corruption problems have been observed when downloading from the mirrors. It is very important to check the md5 checksum if you use a mirror rather than BitTorrent.

This discussion is about a separate md5 file that you can download from the mirror that you got the Knoppix ISO from, or that comes down as an individual file in the package of files that you get in the package when you download with BitTorrent. '''DO NOT extract any md5 file from inside the ISO.''' The ISO does contain an MD5 file that is used by the testCD command, but this is not the file that is discussed here and should not be used to test the ISO download.

When you download both the ISO image for the CD, you also must download it's corresponding .md5 file. The .md5 file is a plain-text file and can be viewed in a text editor or web browser.

*'''When downloading and running under Windows''', you can check the md5 checksum with your choice of many programs, several of which are listed below. Please note that the methods to check the ISO file & verify the checksum will vary between programs.
** [http://md5summer.org/download.html MD5summer]
** [http://www.toast442.org/md5gui.shtml Graphical MD5Sum]
** [http://www.quickpar.org.uk/ QuickPar]
** [http://www.nullriver.com/index/products/winmd5sum winMD5Sum]
** [http://www.slavasoft.com/hashcalc/ SlavaSoft HashCalc]
** [http://www.line6.com/software/?hardware=All&name=MD5+Checksum+Utility&os=All&submit=Show%3A Line 6 MD5 Checksum Utility] - Very simple account creation required for download.

*'''When running under an already booting copy of Linux''' you can verify that your download was perfect and that the ISO's contents are unchanged by typing "md5sum -c filename.md5" at a Linux shell prompt (command prompt). Knoppix includes the program md5sum, with some versions of Linux you may need to install it. Note that this is a command for use in already working Linux systems, it is not a Knoppix cheat code for use at boot time.

*'''Detailed instructions''' for checking an iso file against it's md5 hash from linux (knoppix):
**first download the .iso disk image file and its .iso.md5 (or .iso.md5.txt or .iso.md5.asc) hash file;
**open a shell prompt window, such as ''konsole'' (the blank monitor icon on the panel bar at the bottom of your screen);
***the shell prompt works much like the command prompt in dos/windows. Moreover, the commands ''cd'' (change directory), ''dir'' (list directory contents), ''help'' (list commands), and ''exit'', are essentially the same as in dos;
**change to the directory where you saved the .iso file and .md5 file;
***use "cd /home" if you saved to your home directory, use "cd /media" or "cd /mnt" to change to the mount point for hard drives and flash memory, "dir" will list devices that are mounted here, "cd hda2" will move to the 2nd partition on drive ''a'' (the 1st hd), "cd .." (note the space) will move up one level to the parent directory;
***in linux file and folder names are case sensitive, so "knoppix" is different from "Knoppix" and from "KNOPPIX";
**use the ''md5sum'' command with the ''-c'' option to check the .iso.md5 file hash code against the calculated hash for the .iso file (the response may take a minute or two);
***use "md5sum -c KNOPPIX_xxxxxxxx.iso.md5" (or .iso.md5.asc), to check against the listed .iso file in the same directory, (remember names are case sensitive, and replace "xxxxxxxx" with the version from the file name);
***if the .md5 file contains a list of file names and hashes, you will see "file not found" messages for other files, look for the specific .iso file name that you downloaded for the relavent response (which hopefully is "OK");
**use "exit" to leave the shell prompt, and procede to burn your cd (or to re-download the .iso image file if the md5sum check failed).
*Note that checking the sha1 hash works the same as above: use "sha1sum -c <filename>.iso.sha1", using the .sha1 hash file that you downloaded with the .iso image file.

Further information about MD5 and programs for various OS's can be found at [http://www.fourmilab.ch/md5/ The MD5 Protocol Documentation].

====Q: What are these strange ASC files that accompany the ISO CD images?====

A: Most users can ignore the .asc files. If there is ever an uncertainty as whether or not the ISO image file and it's accompanying MD5 file are originals & untampered, then the .asc files are important. The .asc files are digital signature messages. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signature Digital signatures] are a method of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentication authenticating] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital digital] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information information] similar to ordinary physical signatures on paper, but implemented using techniques from the field of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography cryptography]. With this you can be sure the ISO image and accompanying MD5 file are genuine, because the .asc file containing the MD5 is signed with Klaus Knopper's PGP key. To verify the file, you need to import PGP key ID 0xBA8F038D from your favorite keyserver, then in Linux you can type "gpg --verify KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc". Then you must check that the MD5 checksum in the .asc file is the same that the MD5 checksum in the .md5 file.

To download the keys, type:
gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys BA8F038D

If you want to verify the signed md5 file and the ISO file in one step, you can type:
gpg --decrypt KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc | md5sum -c -

====Q: I downloaded a file but '''it is a ZIP file''', what do I do with it? ====

A: In all likelihood, you do not have a ZIP file. No offical source is providing the Knoppix files in ZIP format and it is unlikely that unofficial sources are either. From past experience we know that is is most likely that you are allowing Windows to hide file extensions from you and you only think that the ISO is a ZIP file because of an ICON accociated with it. Windows should '''never''' be allowed to hide file extensions. Go to My Computer -> Tools -> Folder Options -> View and turn off the "feature" that hides file extensions (It may be -> View -> rather than -> Tools -> for some versions of Windows).

If you have "extracted" any files from the file that you thought was a zip file, delete them. If you have deleted what you thought was a zip file (the ISO file), you will have to download it again. You '''can not''' put the files you extracted back together and make another ISO, parts will be missing.

====Q: I downloaded a file but '''it is a RAR file''', what do I do with it? ====

A: In all likelihood, you do not have a RAR file. No offical source is providing the Knoppix files in RAR format and it is unlikely that unofficial sources are either. From past experience we know that it is most likely that you are allowing Windows to hide file extensions from you and you only think that the ISO is a RAR file because of an ICON accociated with it. Windows should '''never''' be allowed to hide file extensions. Go to My Computer -> Tools -> Folder Options -> View and turn off the "feature" that hides file extensions (It may be -> View -> rather than -> Tools -> for some versions of Windows).

If you have "extracted" any files from the file that you thought was a RAR file, delete them. If you have deleted what you thought was a RAR file (the ISO file), you will have to download it again. You '''can not''' put the files you extracted back together and make another ISO, parts will be missing.

====Q: I have downloaded the ISO file. How do I burn the ISO? How is the ISO supposed to be burned? ====

A: First check to see if the ISO that was downloaded is perfect & not corrupt. See the above FAQ labeled [[#Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?]]. If it passes the MD5 checksum then you must burn the ISO as an image.

If you have a cd-rw (re-writable) drive, you should opt to use cd-rw disks, saving you from wasting disks and allowing flexability. If you have a cd-r (recordable) drive you will need to use cd-r disks. You will need one 700MB/80min blank CD-RW or CDR disk.

*Linux
**You can use the command ''cdrecord'' or the CD burning program K3b (under "multimedia" in the "K[gear] menu).
*Windows
**Quick answer: Use a program such as Nero Burning Rom or Roxio CD Creator. You can get a [http://www.nero.com/en/index.html free trial of Nero from their site]. In most cases you will want to skip the burning wizard and choose ''File -> Burn Image'' or ''File -> Open''. Select the KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso file, then -> Burn.
**Long answer: Of course the answer depends on the individual program you are using to burn CDs, but all common CD-Writing programs should support the option of burning the ISO as an image, you probably just have to find the right menu option. In the burning program, do not drag & drop the ISO into the burning screen. In the windows explorer, do not attempt to decompress the ISO with something like WinRAR or WinZip. You must ''CHOOSE'' to burn it as an image. Do not burn it at a fast speed greater than 16X. You must burn it at a very slow speed preferably 4X or 8X. Burn your CDR as a '''"Single Session CD" or select finalize'''. The Mode '''"Disk at once"''' or '''"Track at once"''' should not matter (have a look at the Online-Help of your burning software).
* Windows XP/2003 only
** Install the [http://isorecorder.alexfeinman.com/isorecorder.htm ISO Recorder] plug-in for Windows Explorer. Once installed you merely right-click on the ISO image and choose "Copy image to CD".

A common mistake made when burning ISOs: ''"I downloaded & burned the ISO to CDR as a bootable data disc. Now it boots to a A:\ Caldera DR-DOS prompt."''
You are probably seeing something like:
Caldera DR-DOS 7.03
Copyright (c) 1976, 1998 Caldera, Inc. All rights reserved.
[DR-DOS] A:\]
This means that the ISO was burned as a bootable CD or bootable data disc. A Knoppix ISO already includes the boot instructions so it is not necessary to burn it as as a bootable data CD. Burning the ISO file as an image will automatically take care of the bootable details.

It is also possible to burn a bootable Knoppix CD using a Mac. After you have downloaded and verified the .iso file, open Disk Utility from the Utilities folder. Choose Burn from the Images menu and select the .iso. The resulting disk will be bootable on most PCs, the same as if you had used another iso-burning tools.

*Guides and Tutorials
**[http://www.rocketfodder.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/MySite/Burning_Linux_Live_CD%27s_With_Nero_page1.htm A Newbie's guide to Burning Knoppix with Nero Express.]
**[http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/e-smith/docs/howto/CD_burning_howto.html How to burn an ISO image.]
*Quick walkthrough example burn Nero Ultra Edition 6.3.1.25 (not Express.)
**I run it and it automatically starts a "New Compilation" wizard. I immediately click Cancel. Then I go to the File menu and choose Open (or I could just use the keyboard shortcut of CTRL-O). In the Open file dialog box, I change the Files of type from "All Nero compilations and Images" to "Image Files (*.nrg;*.iso;*.cue)". Then I go find the Knoppix ISO file and double-click it to select it. It then brings up the "Burn Compilation" dialog box. I choose a write speed of 4x or 8x. I check-mark the "Finalize CD (No further writing possbile!)". I personally choose the write method of "Disk-at-once" but I know that "Track-at-once" also works. When I am ready, I click on the "Burn" button and Nero will burn the Knoppix ISO to the CDR.

====Q: How do I burn an ISO to a CD using NERO? ====
A: There are different answers for different versions of Nero.

For '''Nero 5''', start the program. You can just hit CANCEL at the wizard menu to get to the main window. Ues the FILE option in the menu near the top of the screen and select the '''Burn Image ...''' option in the sub-menu. Find the ISO that you downloaded in the file open box that pops up. Burn at a slow speed. Do not drag and drop the ISO into the file area. Do not take any option to make the CD bootable.

For '''Nero 6, full version''': The Burn Image ... option in version 6 is gone. Use one of the following: Get to the main menu and then use the Open .... choice under the FILE menu, or under RECORDER in the top menu you will find that Burn Image ... has been moved to this menu. In either case use the box that opens to find the ISO file that you downloaded. Burn at a slow speed. Do not drag and drop the ISO into the file area. Do not take any option to make the CD bootable. When burning with Nero 6, be sure that the option that does a verification check after the burn is enabled (This is true for any software that has this feature, not only Nero 6).

For '''Nero Smart Start''': If you are stuck with this version of Nero, start the application. Point to the 5th icon across the top (the one that shows 2 CDs over a box-like thing). Choose Burn Image to Disc from the menu that changes below the icons. Find the ISO that you downloaded. Burn slowly.

For '''Nero Express 6''': Under the question "What would you like to burn?", pick the last option, Disc Image or Saved Projects. Use the box that opens to find the ISO file that you downloaded. Burn at a slow speed.

If you do not have a copy of Nero you can download a limited time trial version from [http://ww2.nero.com/enu/Demo_Versions.html Ahead Software]. This should give you plenty of time to burn your first Knoppix CD. After the trial expires, if you do not choose to buy Nero you can use Knoppix itself to burn future ISO files.

==== Q: How do I burn an image on to a CD using B's Recorder Gold from BHA? ====
A: Close the Wizard dialog if it pops up when you start the application. Drag the KNOPPIX-'''*'''.iso file to the lower RIGHT region of the app window. It is shaded in yellow and has the title "Track Type"(The icon with a musical note and a folder will be seen in the middle panel). Right click the left region where it says ")1 DATA -mode1 and from the popup menu choose properties. Choose "ISO compatible" and "create from standard bootable disk image" in the two selection boxes. Then press the record button (Upper left), pick your options, and Voila - one KNOPPIX bootable CD is yours.

==== Q: How do I burn an ISO to a CD using NTI CD-Maker from Brouderbund? ====
A: Start NTI. Tell it you want to make a data CD. From the FILE menu near the top of the window, select the sub-menu option "Create Disc from ISO Disc Image File ..." and find the ISO file in the resulting search box that opens. Burn at a slow speed. '''Do NOT''' Drag and Drop the ISO into the file area.

==== Q: How do I burn an ISO with the Microsoft burning software that comes with XP? ====
A: Burning an ISO is not supported in the Microsoft software. Many OEM that package XP with a computer also include other burning software that will burn an ISO. There are third party free and trial version programs that will burn an ISO file under XP that you can download. For example, [http://isorecorder.alexfeinman.com/isorecorder.htm ISO Recorder] is a plug-in for Windows XP that will enable burning an ISO image. A free trial version of Nero is available from [http://ww2.nero.com/enu/Demo_Versions.html Ahead Software].

==== Q: How do I burn the .iso.md5, the .iso.md5.asc the .iso.sha1, the .iso.sha1.asc, and the MD5SUM files to the disc? ====
A: These files are not intended to be burnt to the disc, they are only provided to let you verify that the download that you received is good. If you have not yet checked the md5 checksum as described above then you are not ready to burn the disc. If the md5 has been verified and is good then you no longer need these small files. The other files are provided as alternate ways to check the file. If you already use sha1 checksums you can check that way instead of using the md5, here we keep things simple by only focusing on the md5, either test is completely valid and you need not do both.

==== Q: I have a fast access to a Knoppix-mirror. How can I burn this ISO-file directly to CD-RW with GNU/Linux? ====

: - mkfifo KNOPPIX.fifo # mkfifo create a fifo-file
: - screen ftp mirror ....# screen creates multiple shells in one terminal (handy!) ftp connect to your mirror...
: get KNOPPIX-3.10-EN.iso KNOPPIX.fifo #command to copy inside your ftp-session
: - C-a C-c # screen will make a new shell
: - cdrecord dev=(your burner) speed=4 KNOPPIX.fifo # ftp starts to get data when cdrecord starts to read from fifo
: wait; exit; rm KNOPPIX.fifo; exit
(Attention, use "cdrecord -scanbus" before cdrecord to find the correct device of your cd-writer. If you own SCSI hds, you could lose all data of one hd when you use cdrecord with a wrong dev=(controller,id,partiton) !)

Alternatively:

''This works well and is much simpler:''
wget -O - URL_OF_IMAGE | cdrecord -v speed=4 -eject -

==== Q: What should the resulting disc look like when opened under Windows? ====
A: If you see one ISO file on the CD or DVD then you burnt the disc wrong. You should see an entire file structure on the disc. This may vary somewhat for different versions of Knoppix, but for the 5.0.1 CD version there would be a boot folder with files in it, a Knoppix folder with files in it, several autorun files, a cdrom.ico icon file and an index.html file.

==== Q: What option do I use to make the CD (or DVD) bootable? ====
A: '''None!''' Do not use any option in your burning software to make the CD bootable. Just burn the ISO '''as an image''', this will put all of the proper files on the CD in the proper locations and the resulting CD will be a perfect copy of the original Knoppix CD and will be bootable. If you take any option that makes a bootable CD, you will end up with a CD that does not boot into Linux/Knoppix.

==== Q: My computer won't boot from CD. What should I do? ====

A: Look in your computer's [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS BIOS] (on many computers you need to push the "delete" or F1 key during the POST) to see whether it is set to boot from CD. If this is already set, your computer may not be able to read the CD (some notebooks have problems with black-coated CD's, for example). Some computers will only use the new BIOS settings after a hard reset. Other resources are this page which [http://www.rlrouse.com/bios.html explains the PC BIOS] and this page [http://compreviews.about.com/cs/pchardwarebasics/a/aaBIOS_2.htm explains the boot order.]

=====Smart Boot Manager =====
If your BIOS does not support booting from a CD at all, or if it has that feature but doesn't seem to recognize the Knoppix CD as bootable (and you believe that you burnt it properly), there is a tool called Smart Boot Manager. Get the Smart Boot Manager installer, and install SBM to floppy, this should let you boot from any bootable CD. [http://btmgr.sourceforge.net/download.html Download Smart Boot Manager.] If you want to install from windows, download the sbminst.exe and run it from the Command Prompt like :
'''sbminst.exe -d 0''' to install to floppy drive. SBM can also be install to your hard drive's Master Boot Record, so you will not need a floppy at all to boot the CD.

=====XOSL =====
Another really nice boot manager that will let you boot a CD on a system where the BIOS does not support it is [http://www.ranish.com/part/xosl.htm XOSL]. XOSL is slightly more work to set up, but it is much more powerful and has a much nicer looking user interface. It uses SBM code internally to boot the CD. XOSL must be installed to hard disk, it will not fit on a floppy. For Linux users it is often best to give XOSL it's own small partition (just a few megs in size).
Both XOSL and SBM will let you select at boot time from multiple Operating Systems stored on your hard disk(s). When using XOLS or SMB that way (with either installed to hard disk), install the Linux boot manager (usually Lilo or Grub) to the Linux partition, not to the MBR.

==== Q: My PC will boot off of the burned disc. It is strange since it loads but then stalls or it loads but is giving me I/O errors. What's going on? ====

A: You possibly only got a partial download or the download was complete, but corrupt. If this is the case, then the ISO image is defective and the CDR burn of Knoppix is also defective. This is because the data in the missing/changed parts cannot be accessed (sometimes one can even "hear" this because of the sound the CD-ROM drive makes due to repeated read attempts). It appears to work because the directory tree is written at the beginning of the CD and can be correctly read. However, reading the actual contents of the missing/changed parts is impossible, or in other words, accessing the contents fails. If the ISO image was checked & found to be unchanged and not corrupt, then it is possible that the CDR has been improperly burned or a bad piece of CDR media was used. To rule out the possibility of a bad download or a bad burn, some solutions can be found in the section [http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Downloading_FAQ#Q:_What_are_these_strange_MD5_files_that_accompany_the_ISO_CD_images.3F Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?] and
[http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Downloading_FAQ#Q:_I_have_downloaded_the_ISO_file._How_do_I_burn_the_ISO.3F_How_is_the_ISO_supposed_to_be_burned.3F Q: I have downloaded the ISO file. How do I burn the ISO? How is the ISO supposed to be burned?].

Problems are often seen booting with discs that have been burnt at a high speed. If you checked the md5 file and know that you have a good download of the ISO, and you have followed the other instructions for burning the CD '''as an image''', then be sure that you burn the CD at a slow speed, either 4x or as slow as your burner will let you go (some new burners and newer burning software seem to refuse to burn slower than 8x). High speed burns may work on some systems but not on others, so saying that you high speed burn will boot on one system does not offer proof that is is a good burn or should be expected to boot on other systems. There are also [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=78582#78582 reported cases of the CD working but the boot taking much longer that it should for the system to finish booting]. These problems are resolved by a slow speed burn.

If the ISO is good and the burn was done properly and at a slow speed, but Knoppix doesn't seem to be able to boot on your hardware, you may need to use one or more parameters to help Knoppix if it can't determine your hardware configuration on its own. We call these extra parameters "cheat codes" (see the [http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Cheat_Codes Cheat Code FAQ] for details). In rare cases you may have an optical drive hardware problem (sometimes using CDRW media rather than CDR will help work around this), and sometimes the dma "cheat code" can help a optical disc boot properly (or the nodma "cheat code" for some versions of Knoppix around 3.7). And be sure that you system is up to Knoppix's minimum requirements. A slow and memory starved system will stall when booting and come up very slowly.

==== Q: I know that my disc is good because it boots on another system. Why will it not boot on this computer? ====

A: If the disc was burnt at high speed you do not know that it is good! We have seen over and over that discs burnt at high speed will boot on some systems but not others, or cause other strange problems when booting on some systems. The disc should be burn at slow speed, as suggested elsewhere in this FAQ. If the disc was made at slow speed and the md5 checksum was good and the disc passed a verify pass in the burning software, you may need one or more "cheat codes" to help the hardware detection process along.

It's worth mentioning that you just might have a memory problem. The Knoppix disc includes a bootable memory test that will check this, just type memtest in at the boot prompt to run memtest86. If you can't even boot into memtest86 then something is very wrong with the disc that you made or with your system, if memtest boots then you can determine if your memory is good (and if you have as much memory as you think you have).

==== Q: Must I burn Knoppix on CDRW or CDR to be able to test it? ====

A: When you run another GNU/Linux system, you can copy the content of the Iso-file to your hd and boot it directly from hd. See [[Hd Based HowTo]]. Alternately, Windows or Linux users who run virtual machine software such as the free Vmware Player can boot a virtual machine from the ISO file as if it were a disc drive.

==== Q: Why does my writer/software not accept to write to my 80 minute CD-R? ====

A:Some older writers or older versions of writer software cannot recognise the new playing lengths, because the groove is laid more narrowly. Check with your hardware and software manufacturer to see if these newer media are supported. In most cases, updating the writer software's current firmware (check out the web site of the software manufacturer) will solve these problems.

*http://www.cdmediaworld.com/hardware/cdrom/cd_firmwares.shtml

==== Q: What to do if I haven't got enough space on the CD to burn Knoppix on it? ====

A: There was previously a response here that said "You can overburn it (http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD )". '''That is the wrong answer!''' If the file is correctly downloaded, it will fit on a 700 meg CD (check the md5-sum!!!). It will NOT fit on a 650 meg CD, not even with overburn.

There seem to be a lot of people who are confused about the size of the ISO-file. They either look at the size in bytes and think it will not fit (forgetting that 1 meg is 1024x1024 bytes), or they have done something else wrong like "unpacking" the ISO and then trying to burn it. Most people who report that the ISO will not fit on the CD, will never report back what they did wrong, once they resolve the problem. But the bottom line is that if you properly confirmed the md5-checksum, and saw one good ISO-file (not multiple files), then the file will fit on a 700 meg CD if burned properly.

==== Q:Why do 750 MB fit onto an audio CD but only 650 MB onto a data CD? ====

A: A sector of a CD consists of 2352 bytes. With an audio CD, these are used completely for audio information. With data CDs, an additional fault correction is inserted, and the usable capacity shrinks to 2048 bytes. A 74 minute CD consists of 74x60x75 = 333000 sectors. With 2048 bytes per sector, this gives a usable capacity of around 650.1 MB, with 2352 bytes per sector it gives around 746.6 MB. This therefore also produces a difference in data rates for reading/writing: 172 kbps with audio and 150 kbps for data.

Knoppix needs a 700 meg CD or CDRW to burn the CD. It wil not fit on a 650 meg CD.

==== Q: After I've used KNOPPIX, my "other" OS suddenly shows a blue screen with the message "File kernel.exe not found or defective" and "reinstall..." shortly after boot. ====

A: Simply take the KNOPPIX CD out of the CD-Rom drive and restart the computer.

==== Q: I can download the CD. Why can't I download the DVD? I don't get the proper sized file. ====

A: Since the release of the Knoppix 5.0.1 DVD ISO-file, some people have expressed surprise about this, although many of us expected it. There are some common problems:

If you are trying to save the DVD ISO-file to a FAT32-partition (such as used by Win98), it simply cannot be done. The 5.0.1 DVD ISO-file (and very likely later DVD ISO-files) is larger than the maximum file size that can fit on a FAT32-partition.

If you are trying to download to a Windows NTFS-file system partition or a Linux-file system partition that supports files over 4 GB in size, but you still get a bad download there are two more common problems. Both problems would be avoided, if you use a current release of BitTorrent and download with BitTorrent, rather than use a mirror.

The first problem occurs if you are getting files just under 4 gig in size or extremely short files (around 50 megs for version 5.0.1). In this case the downloading software that you are using is not capable of downloading files larger than 4 gig. One good thing here is if you now have a file just under 4 gig and you try to download with BitTorrent to the same directory, BitTorrent will often detect the file, check it, and download just the missing part (for this to work the downloading utility that you used should not have changed the file name and not otherwise have modified the file).

The second problem is corruption of the mirrors, that has been seen before. In this case your download file will usually actually be slightly larger than the expected file size.

The bottom line is to always check the md5-checksum before burning and learn to use BitTorrent for a fast and reliable download.

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Downloading FAQ

2008-05-03T01:49:42Z

Harry Kuhman: /* Q: Which version is the newest and which should I download? */

This FAQ is comprised of both downloading & burning questions.

*This FAQ translated into other languages. May not be current or in sync with this FAQ
**German version: [[Faq DownloadingDeutsch]]
**Spanish version:[[FAQ_Descargando|Faq Descargando]]
**Indonesian version: [[Indonesian downloading FAQ]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]
----
:Tip: Use CD-RWs instead of CD-Rs every time you can - save your budget and our environment!

====Q: Which version is the newest and which should I download?====

A: As of March 2008 the current release is 5.3.1. There was no official Internet release of any 5.2.x version. So far (as of May 2, 2008) there has only been a DVD release of 5.3.1, so if you want a CD release 5.1.1 is the most current release available. Versions sometimes change frequently, but the newest official versions should always be on the official BitTorrent Tracker, so get the most current status of version information there. They usually show up shortly after on most of the mirrors also, but some mirrors may take a week or more to update. Sometimes unofficial releases also come out, recently these have been copies of versions of Knoppix released for magazines or trade shows. Use these unofficial versions at your own risk.

Official versions of Knoppix will have both a version number and a release date in their name. Some versions of Knoppix (for example 3.1 and 3.3) had several releases with different dates for minor bug fixes but did not change the version number, so checking the release date may be important. Recent versions of Knoppix starting with Knoppix 4 will have either CD or DVD in their name, indicating the size of the distribution and the intended media for writing the ISO. [http://www.trypop.com CD] distributions have less software than the DVD release, but the CD version is still very extensive and can be booted on more systems than the DVD version. The CD version is prefered by many users who wish to carry a Live CD and be able to use it on almost any system that they try to boot it on. The file names (before the ISO extension) will end in either DE or EN. The DE version will by default boot into German. The EN version will default to booting into English.

The official torrent site will usually also contain at least one older version of Knoppix and one or more versions of Games Knoppix, a version of Knoppix loaded with games, sometimes called GK. Most mirrors also contain one older version of Knoppix but might not contain Games Knoppix.

There is currently no known website that offers all old released versions of Knoppix.

====Q: How do I get the CD/current beta?====

A: Several possibilities:

* Download with [[Bittorrent]] from [http://torrent.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/ The Unix-AG BitTorrent Tracker]. Get BitTorrent (if you need it) from http://www.bittorrent.com/. Be sure you set up your firewall setting properly. Properly configured BitTorrent will usually download Knoppix much faster than getting it from the mirrors. [http://guides.radified.com/magoo/guides/bittorrent/bittorrent_01.html "Magoo's Complete Guide to BitTorrent and BitTornado"] will help you configure it & get it working. BitTorrent is by far the fastest and most reliable way to download the ISO. See this thread for one discussion of that: http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=25708

* Download from one of the mirrors listed at [http://www.knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Download Page]. Try to choose the mirror nearest you for best results.
When downloading from a mirror, be sure to also get the matching md5 file. When downloading with BitTorrent you get a set of all related files in one download.
** If you download the ISO image file from a mirror, then also download the [http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Downloading_FAQ#Q:_What_are_these_strange_MD5_files_that_accompany_the_ISO_CD_images.3F accompanying MD5 file] too. If you download by BitTorrent then you will also get an md5 file automatically, although BitTorrent has it's own checks and the md5 is only a second recheck of a good download.

* Order a CD. If a 700Mb download is too much for your bandwidth capabilities, you can order the newest CD from a retailer on [http://knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Order Page]

====Q:Can you download Knoppix in parts if you have a low bandwith (28.8 Kbps) such a pausing the download and continue it another day?====

A: Yes, [[Bittorrent]] supports resume, and so do many ftp clients such as wget ( use wget -c ) or ncftp.
You can use other [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/download download managers] too.

====Q: I can't write to my hard disk while running Knoppix from cd. How can I save the .iso file?====

A: Try downloading to a 1gb (or larger) USB jumpdrive.

====Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?====

A: The files with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5 .md5] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-1 .sha1] extensions contain checksums for the actual CD [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/iso ISO images]. A checksum is a way of fingerprinting files. Just like a real fingerprint identifies a single person, a checksum is unique and matches exactly one file. It is used to verify that the file downloaded matches the original all the way down to the smallest details. In the case of downloading a Knoppix ISO image, the MD5 and SHA1 checksums are used in order to verify that the file downloaded is perfect and not corrupt.

Many file corruption problems have been observed when downloading from the mirrors. It is very important to check the md5 checksum if you use a mirror rather than BitTorrent.

This discussion is about a separate md5 file that you can download from the mirror that you got the Knoppix ISO from, or that comes down as an individual file in the package of files that you get in the package when you download with BitTorrent. '''DO NOT extract any md5 file from inside the ISO.''' The ISO does contain an MD5 file that is used by the testCD command, but this is not the file that is discussed here and should not be used to test the ISO download.

When you download both the ISO image for the CD, you also must download it's corresponding .md5 file. The .md5 file is a plain-text file and can be viewed in a text editor or web browser.

*'''When downloading and running under Windows''', you can check the md5 checksum with your choice of many programs, several of which are listed below. Please note that the methods to check the ISO file & verify the checksum will vary between programs.
** [http://www.nullriver.com/index/products/winmd5sum winMD5Sum]
** [http://md5summer.org/download.html MD5summer]
** [http://www.toast442.org/md5gui.shtml Graphical MD5Sum]
** [http://www.quickpar.org.uk/ QuickPar]
** [http://www.slavasoft.com/hashcalc/ SlavaSoft HashCalc]
** [http://www.line6.com/software/?hardware=All&name=MD5+Checksum+Utility&os=All&submit=Show%3A Line 6 MD5 Checksum Utility] - Very simple account creation required for download.

*'''When running under an already booting copy of Linux''' you can verify that your download was perfect and that the ISO's contents are unchanged by typing "md5sum -c filename.md5" at a Linux shell prompt (command prompt). Knoppix includes the program md5sum, with some versions of Linux you may need to install it. Note that this is a command for use in already working Linux systems, it is not a Knoppix cheat code for use at boot time.

*'''Detailed instructions''' for checking an iso file against it's md5 hash from linux (knoppix):
**first download the .iso disk image file and its .iso.md5 (or .iso.md5.txt or .iso.md5.asc) hash file;
**open a shell prompt window, such as ''konsole'' (the blank monitor icon on the panel bar at the bottom of your screen);
***the shell prompt works much like the command prompt in dos/windows. Moreover, the commands ''cd'' (change directory), ''dir'' (list directory contents), ''help'' (list commands), and ''exit'', are essentially the same as in dos;
**change to the directory where you saved the .iso file and .md5 file;
***use "cd /home" if you saved to your home directory, use "cd /media" or "cd /mnt" to change to the mount point for hard drives and flash memory, "dir" will list devices that are mounted here, "cd hda2" will move to the 2nd partition on drive ''a'' (the 1st hd), "cd .." (note the space) will move up one level to the parent directory;
***in linux file and folder names are case sensitive, so "knoppix" is different from "Knoppix" and from "KNOPPIX";
**use the ''md5sum'' command with the ''-c'' option to check the .iso.md5 file hash code against the calculated hash for the .iso file (the response may take a minute or two);
***use "md5sum -c KNOPPIX_xxxxxxxx.iso.md5" (or .iso.md5.asc), to check against the listed .iso file in the same directory, (remember names are case sensitive, and replace "xxxxxxxx" with the version from the file name);
***if the .md5 file contains a list of file names and hashes, you will see "file not found" messages for other files, look for the specific .iso file name that you downloaded for the relavent response (which hopefully is "OK");
**use "exit" to leave the shell prompt, and procede to burn your cd (or to re-download the .iso image file if the md5sum check failed).
*Note that checking the sha1 hash works the same as above: use "sha1sum -c <filename>.iso.sha1", using the .sha1 hash file that you downloaded with the .iso image file.

Further information about MD5 and programs for various OS's can be found at [http://www.fourmilab.ch/md5/ The MD5 Protocol Documentation].

====Q: What are these strange ASC files that accompany the ISO CD images?====

A: Most users can ignore the .asc files. If there is ever an uncertainty as whether or not the ISO image file and it's accompanying MD5 file are originals & untampered, then the .asc files are important. The .asc files are digital signature messages. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signature Digital signatures] are a method of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentication authenticating] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital digital] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information information] similar to ordinary physical signatures on paper, but implemented using techniques from the field of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography cryptography]. With this you can be sure the ISO image and accompanying MD5 file are genuine, because the .asc file containing the MD5 is signed with Klaus Knopper's PGP key. To verify the file, you need to import PGP key ID 0xBA8F038D from your favorite keyserver, then in Linux you can type "gpg --verify KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc". Then you must check that the MD5 checksum in the .asc file is the same that the MD5 checksum in the .md5 file.

To download the keys, type:
gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys BA8F038D

If you want to verify the signed md5 file and the ISO file in one step, you can type:
gpg --decrypt KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc | md5sum -c -

====Q: I downloaded a file but '''it is a ZIP file''', what do I do with it? ====

A: In all likelihood, you do not have a ZIP file. No offical source is providing the Knoppix files in ZIP format and it is unlikely that unofficial sources are either. From past experience we know that is is most likely that you are allowing Windows to hide file extensions from you and you only think that the ISO is a ZIP file because of an ICON accociated with it. Windows should '''never''' be allowed to hide file extensions. Go to My Computer -> Tools -> Folder Options -> View and turn off the "feature" that hides file extensions (It may be -> View -> rather than -> Tools -> for some versions of Windows).

If you have "extracted" any files from the file that you thought was a zip file, delete them. If you have deleted what you thought was a zip file (the ISO file), you will have to download it again. You '''can not''' put the files you extracted back together and make another ISO, parts will be missing.

====Q: I downloaded a file but '''it is a RAR file''', what do I do with it? ====

A: In all likelihood, you do not have a RAR file. No offical source is providing the Knoppix files in RAR format and it is unlikely that unofficial sources are either. From past experience we know that it is most likely that you are allowing Windows to hide file extensions from you and you only think that the ISO is a RAR file because of an ICON accociated with it. Windows should '''never''' be allowed to hide file extensions. Go to My Computer -> Tools -> Folder Options -> View and turn off the "feature" that hides file extensions (It may be -> View -> rather than -> Tools -> for some versions of Windows).

If you have "extracted" any files from the file that you thought was a RAR file, delete them. If you have deleted what you thought was a RAR file (the ISO file), you will have to download it again. You '''can not''' put the files you extracted back together and make another ISO, parts will be missing.

====Q: I have downloaded the ISO file. How do I burn the ISO? How is the ISO supposed to be burned? ====

A: First check to see if the ISO that was downloaded is perfect & not corrupt. See the above FAQ labeled [[#Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?]]. If it passes the MD5 checksum then you must burn the ISO as an image.

If you have a cd-rw (re-writable) drive, you should opt to use cd-rw disks, saving you from wasting disks and allowing flexability. If you have a cd-r (recordable) drive you will need to use cd-r disks. You will need one 700MB/80min blank CD-RW or CDR disk.

*Linux
**You can use the command ''cdrecord'' or the CD burning program K3b (under "multimedia" in the "K[gear] menu).
*Windows
**Quick answer: Use a program such as Nero Burning Rom or Roxio CD Creator. You can get a [http://www.nero.com/en/index.html free trial of Nero from their site]. In most cases you will want to skip the burning wizard and choose ''File -> Burn Image'' or ''File -> Open''. Select the KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso file, then -> Burn.
**Long answer: Of course the answer depends on the individual program you are using to burn CDs, but all common CD-Writing programs should support the option of burning the ISO as an image, you probably just have to find the right menu option. In the burning program, do not drag & drop the ISO into the burning screen. In the windows explorer, do not attempt to decompress the ISO with something like WinRAR or WinZip. You must ''CHOOSE'' to burn it as an image. Do not burn it at a fast speed greater than 16X. You must burn it at a very slow speed preferably 4X or 8X. Burn your CDR as a '''"Single Session CD" or select finalize'''. The Mode '''"Disk at once"''' or '''"Track at once"''' should not matter (have a look at the Online-Help of your burning software).
* Windows XP/2003 only
** Install the [http://isorecorder.alexfeinman.com/isorecorder.htm ISO Recorder] plug-in for Windows Explorer. Once installed you merely right-click on the ISO image and choose "Copy image to CD".

A common mistake made when burning ISOs: ''"I downloaded & burned the ISO to CDR as a bootable data disc. Now it boots to a A:\ Caldera DR-DOS prompt."''
You are probably seeing something like:
Caldera DR-DOS 7.03
Copyright (c) 1976, 1998 Caldera, Inc. All rights reserved.
[DR-DOS] A:\]
This means that the ISO was burned as a bootable CD or bootable data disc. A Knoppix ISO already includes the boot instructions so it is not necessary to burn it as as a bootable data CD. Burning the ISO file as an image will automatically take care of the bootable details.

It is also possible to burn a bootable Knoppix CD using a Mac. After you have downloaded and verified the .iso file, open Disk Utility from the Utilities folder. Choose Burn from the Images menu and select the .iso. The resulting disk will be bootable on most PCs, the same as if you had used another iso-burning tools.

*Guides and Tutorials
**[http://www.rocketfodder.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/MySite/Burning_Linux_Live_CD%27s_With_Nero_page1.htm A Newbie's guide to Burning Knoppix with Nero Express.]
**[http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/e-smith/docs/howto/CD_burning_howto.html How to burn an ISO image.]
*Quick walkthrough example burn Nero Ultra Edition 6.3.1.25 (not Express.)
**I run it and it automatically starts a "New Compilation" wizard. I immediately click Cancel. Then I go to the File menu and choose Open (or I could just use the keyboard shortcut of CTRL-O). In the Open file dialog box, I change the Files of type from "All Nero compilations and Images" to "Image Files (*.nrg;*.iso;*.cue)". Then I go find the Knoppix ISO file and double-click it to select it. It then brings up the "Burn Compilation" dialog box. I choose a write speed of 4x or 8x. I check-mark the "Finalize CD (No further writing possbile!)". I personally choose the write method of "Disk-at-once" but I know that "Track-at-once" also works. When I am ready, I click on the "Burn" button and Nero will burn the Knoppix ISO to the CDR.

====Q: How do I burn an ISO to a CD using NERO? ====
A: There are different answers for different versions of Nero.

For '''Nero 5''', start the program. You can just hit CANCEL at the wizard menu to get to the main window. Ues the FILE option in the menu near the top of the screen and select the '''Burn Image ...''' option in the sub-menu. Find the ISO that you downloaded in the file open box that pops up. Burn at a slow speed. Do not drag and drop the ISO into the file area. Do not take any option to make the CD bootable.

For '''Nero 6, full version''': The Burn Image ... option in version 6 is gone. Use one of the following: Get to the main menu and then use the Open .... choice under the FILE menu, or under RECORDER in the top menu you will find that Burn Image ... has been moved to this menu. In either case use the box that opens to find the ISO file that you downloaded. Burn at a slow speed. Do not drag and drop the ISO into the file area. Do not take any option to make the CD bootable. When burning with Nero 6, be sure that the option that does a verification check after the burn is enabled (This is true for any software that has this feature, not only Nero 6).

For '''Nero Smart Start''': If you are stuck with this version of Nero, start the application. Point to the 5th icon across the top (the one that shows 2 CDs over a box-like thing). Choose Burn Image to Disc from the menu that changes below the icons. Find the ISO that you downloaded. Burn slowly.

For '''Nero Express 6''': Under the question "What would you like to burn?", pick the last option, Disc Image or Saved Projects. Use the box that opens to find the ISO file that you downloaded. Burn at a slow speed.

If you do not have a copy of Nero you can download a limited time trial version from [http://ww2.nero.com/enu/Demo_Versions.html Ahead Software]. This should give you plenty of time to burn your first Knoppix CD. After the trial expires, if you do not choose to buy Nero you can use Knoppix itself to burn future ISO files.

==== Q: How do I burn an image on to a CD using B's Recorder Gold from BHA? ====
A: Close the Wizard dialog if it pops up when you start the application. Drag the KNOPPIX-'''*'''.iso file to the lower RIGHT region of the app window. It is shaded in yellow and has the title "Track Type"(The icon with a musical note and a folder will be seen in the middle panel). Right click the left region where it says ")1 DATA -mode1 and from the popup menu choose properties. Choose "ISO compatible" and "create from standard bootable disk image" in the two selection boxes. Then press the record button (Upper left), pick your options, and Voila - one KNOPPIX bootable CD is yours.

==== Q: How do I burn an ISO to a CD using NTI CD-Maker from Brouderbund? ====
A: Start NTI. Tell it you want to make a data CD. From the FILE menu near the top of the window, select the sub-menu option "Create Disc from ISO Disc Image File ..." and find the ISO file in the resulting search box that opens. Burn at a slow speed. '''Do NOT''' Drag and Drop the ISO into the file area.

==== Q: How do I burn an ISO with the Microsoft burning software that comes with XP? ====
A: Burning an ISO is not supported in the Microsoft software. Many OEM that package XP with a computer also include other burning software that will burn an ISO. There are third party free and trial version programs that will burn an ISO file under XP that you can download. For example, [http://isorecorder.alexfeinman.com/isorecorder.htm ISO Recorder] is a plug-in for Windows XP that will enable burning an ISO image. A free trial version of Nero is available from [http://ww2.nero.com/enu/Demo_Versions.html Ahead Software].

==== Q: How do I burn the .iso.md5, the .iso.md5.asc the .iso.sha1, the .iso.sha1.asc, and the MD5SUM files to the disc? ====
A: These files are not intended to be burnt to the disc, they are only provided to let you verify that the download that you received is good. If you have not yet checked the md5 checksum as described above then you are not ready to burn the disc. If the md5 has been verified and is good then you no longer need these small files. The other files are provided as alternate ways to check the file. If you already use sha1 checksums you can check that way instead of using the md5, here we keep things simple by only focusing on the md5, either test is completely valid and you need not do both.

==== Q: I have a fast access to a Knoppix-mirror. How can I burn this ISO-file directly to CD-RW with GNU/Linux? ====

: - mkfifo KNOPPIX.fifo # mkfifo create a fifo-file
: - screen ftp mirror ....# screen creates multiple shells in one terminal (handy!) ftp connect to your mirror...
: get KNOPPIX-3.10-EN.iso KNOPPIX.fifo #command to copy inside your ftp-session
: - C-a C-c # screen will make a new shell
: - cdrecord dev=(your burner) speed=4 KNOPPIX.fifo # ftp starts to get data when cdrecord starts to read from fifo
: wait; exit; rm KNOPPIX.fifo; exit
(Attention, use "cdrecord -scanbus" before cdrecord to find the correct device of your cd-writer. If you own SCSI hds, you could lose all data of one hd when you use cdrecord with a wrong dev=(controller,id,partiton) !)

Alternatively:

''This works well and is much simpler:''
wget -O - URL_OF_IMAGE | cdrecord -v speed=4 -eject -

==== Q: What should the resulting disc look like when opened under Windows? ====
A: If you see one ISO file on the CD or DVD then you burnt the disc wrong. You should see an entire file structure on the disc. This may vary somewhat for different versions of Knoppix, but for the 5.0.1 CD version there would be a boot folder with files in it, a Knoppix folder with files in it, several autorun files, a cdrom.ico icon file and an index.html file.

==== Q: What option do I use to make the CD (or DVD) bootable? ====
A: '''None!''' Do not use any option in your burning software to make the CD bootable. Just burn the ISO '''as an image''', this will put all of the proper files on the CD in the proper locations and the resulting CD will be a perfect copy of the original Knoppix CD and will be bootable. If you take any option that makes a bootable CD, you will end up with a CD that does not boot into Linux/Knoppix.

==== Q: My computer won't boot from CD. What should I do? ====

A: Look in your computer's [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS BIOS] (on many computers you need to push the "delete" or F1 key during the POST) to see whether it is set to boot from CD. If this is already set, your computer may not be able to read the CD (some notebooks have problems with black-coated CD's, for example). Some computers will only use the new BIOS settings after a hard reset. Other resources are this page which [http://www.rlrouse.com/bios.html explains the PC BIOS] and this page [http://compreviews.about.com/cs/pchardwarebasics/a/aaBIOS_2.htm explains the boot order.]

=====Smart Boot Manager =====
If your BIOS does not support booting from a CD at all, or if it has that feature but doesn't seem to recognize the Knoppix CD as bootable (and you believe that you burnt it properly), there is a tool called Smart Boot Manager. Get the Smart Boot Manager installer, and install SBM to floppy, this should let you boot from any bootable CD. [http://btmgr.sourceforge.net/download.html Download Smart Boot Manager.] If you want to install from windows, download the sbminst.exe and run it from the Command Prompt like :
'''sbminst.exe -d 0''' to install to floppy drive. SBM can also be install to your hard drive's Master Boot Record, so you will not need a floppy at all to boot the CD.

=====XOSL =====
Another really nice boot manager that will let you boot a CD on a system where the BIOS does not support it is [http://www.ranish.com/part/xosl.htm XOSL]. XOSL is slightly more work to set up, but it is much more powerful and has a much nicer looking user interface. It uses SBM code internally to boot the CD. XOSL must be installed to hard disk, it will not fit on a floppy. For Linux users it is often best to give XOSL it's own small partition (just a few megs in size).
Both XOSL and SBM will let you select at boot time from multiple Operating Systems stored on your hard disk(s). When using XOLS or SMB that way (with either installed to hard disk), install the Linux boot manager (usually Lilo or Grub) to the Linux partition, not to the MBR.

==== Q: My PC will boot off of the burned disc. It is strange since it loads but then stalls or it loads but is giving me I/O errors. What's going on? ====

A: You possibly only got a partial download or the download was complete, but corrupt. If this is the case, then the ISO image is defective and the CDR burn of Knoppix is also defective. This is because the data in the missing/changed parts cannot be accessed (sometimes one can even "hear" this because of the sound the CD-ROM drive makes due to repeated read attempts). It appears to work because the directory tree is written at the beginning of the CD and can be correctly read. However, reading the actual contents of the missing/changed parts is impossible, or in other words, accessing the contents fails. If the ISO image was checked & found to be unchanged and not corrupt, then it is possible that the CDR has been improperly burned or a bad piece of CDR media was used. To rule out the possibility of a bad download or a bad burn, some solutions can be found in the section [http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Downloading_FAQ#Q:_What_are_these_strange_MD5_files_that_accompany_the_ISO_CD_images.3F Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?] and
[http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Downloading_FAQ#Q:_I_have_downloaded_the_ISO_file._How_do_I_burn_the_ISO.3F_How_is_the_ISO_supposed_to_be_burned.3F Q: I have downloaded the ISO file. How do I burn the ISO? How is the ISO supposed to be burned?].

Problems are often seen booting with discs that have been burnt at a high speed. If you checked the md5 file and know that you have a good download of the ISO, and you have followed the other instructions for burning the CD '''as an image''', then be sure that you burn the CD at a slow speed, either 4x or as slow as your burner will let you go (some new burners and newer burning software seem to refuse to burn slower than 8x). High speed burns may work on some systems but not on others, so saying that you high speed burn will boot on one system does not offer proof that is is a good burn or should be expected to boot on other systems. There are also [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=78582#78582 reported cases of the CD working but the boot taking much longer that it should for the system to finish booting]. These problems are resolved by a slow speed burn.

If the ISO is good and the burn was done properly and at a slow speed, but Knoppix doesn't seem to be able to boot on your hardware, you may need to use one or more parameters to help Knoppix if it can't determine your hardware configuration on its own. We call these extra parameters "cheat codes" (see the [http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Cheat_Codes Cheat Code FAQ] for details). In rare cases you may have an optical drive hardware problem (sometimes using CDRW media rather than CDR will help work around this), and sometimes the dma "cheat code" can help a optical disc boot properly (or the nodma "cheat code" for some versions of Knoppix around 3.7). And be sure that you system is up to Knoppix's minimum requirements. A slow and memory starved system will stall when booting and come up very slowly.

==== Q: I know that my disc is good because it boots on another system. Why will it not boot on this computer? ====

A: If the disc was burnt at high speed you do not know that it is good! We have seen over and over that discs burnt at high speed will boot on some systems but not others, or cause other strange problems when booting on some systems. The disc should be burn at slow speed, as suggested elsewhere in this FAQ. If the disc was made at slow speed and the md5 checksum was good and the disc passed a verify pass in the burning software, you may need one or more "cheat codes" to help the hardware detection process along.

It's worth mentioning that you just might have a memory problem. The Knoppix disc includes a bootable memory test that will check this, just type memtest in at the boot prompt to run memtest86. If you can't even boot into memtest86 then something is very wrong with the disc that you made or with your system, if memtest boots then you can determine if your memory is good (and if you have as much memory as you think you have).

==== Q: Must I burn Knoppix on CDRW or CDR to be able to test it? ====

A: When you run another GNU/Linux system, you can copy the content of the Iso-file to your hd and boot it directly from hd. See [[Hd Based HowTo]]. Alternately, Windows or Linux users who run virtual machine software such as the free Vmware Player can boot a virtual machine from the ISO file as if it were a disc drive.

==== Q: Why does my writer/software not accept to write to my 80 minute CD-R? ====

A:Some older writers or older versions of writer software cannot recognise the new playing lengths, because the groove is laid more narrowly. Check with your hardware and software manufacturer to see if these newer media are supported. In most cases, updating the writer software's current firmware (check out the web site of the software manufacturer) will solve these problems.

*http://www.cdmediaworld.com/hardware/cdrom/cd_firmwares.shtml

==== Q: What to do if I haven't got enough space on the CD to burn Knoppix on it? ====

A: There was previously a response here that said "You can overburn it (http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD )". '''That is the wrong answer!''' If the file is correctly downloaded, it will fit on a 700 meg CD (check the md5-sum!!!). It will NOT fit on a 650 meg CD, not even with overburn.

There seem to be a lot of people who are confused about the size of the ISO-file. They either look at the size in bytes and think it will not fit (forgetting that 1 meg is 1024x1024 bytes), or they have done something else wrong like "unpacking" the ISO and then trying to burn it. Most people who report that the ISO will not fit on the CD, will never report back what they did wrong, once they resolve the problem. But the bottom line is that if you properly confirmed the md5-checksum, and saw one good ISO-file (not multiple files), then the file will fit on a 700 meg CD if burned properly.

==== Q:Why do 750 MB fit onto an audio CD but only 650 MB onto a data CD? ====

A: A sector of a CD consists of 2352 bytes. With an audio CD, these are used completely for audio information. With data CDs, an additional fault correction is inserted, and the usable capacity shrinks to 2048 bytes. A 74 minute CD consists of 74x60x75 = 333000 sectors. With 2048 bytes per sector, this gives a usable capacity of around 650.1 MB, with 2352 bytes per sector it gives around 746.6 MB. This therefore also produces a difference in data rates for reading/writing: 172 kbps with audio and 150 kbps for data.

Knoppix needs a 700 meg CD or CDRW to burn the CD. It wil not fit on a 650 meg CD.

==== Q: After I've used KNOPPIX, my "other" OS suddenly shows a blue screen with the message "File kernel.exe not found or defective" and "reinstall..." shortly after boot. ====

A: Simply take the KNOPPIX CD out of the CD-Rom drive and restart the computer.

==== Q: I can download the CD. Why can't I download the DVD? I don't get the proper sized file. ====

A: Since the release of the Knoppix 5.0.1 DVD ISO-file, some people have expressed surprise about this, although many of us expected it. There are some common problems:

If you are trying to save the DVD ISO-file to a FAT32-partition (such as used by Win98), it simply cannot be done. The 5.0.1 DVD ISO-file (and very likely later DVD ISO-files) is larger than the maximum file size that can fit on a FAT32-partition.

If you are trying to download to a Windows NTFS-file system partition or a Linux-file system partition that supports files over 4 GB in size, but you still get a bad download there are two more common problems. Both problems would be avoided, if you use a current release of BitTorrent and download with BitTorrent, rather than use a mirror.

The first problem occurs if you are getting files just under 4 gig in size or extremely short files (around 50 megs for version 5.0.1). In this case the downloading software that you are using is not capable of downloading files larger than 4 gig. One good thing here is if you now have a file just under 4 gig and you try to download with BitTorrent to the same directory, BitTorrent will often detect the file, check it, and download just the missing part (for this to work the downloading utility that you used should not have changed the file name and not otherwise have modified the file).

The second problem is corruption of the mirrors, that has been seen before. In this case your download file will usually actually be slightly larger than the expected file size.

The bottom line is to always check the md5-checksum before burning and learn to use BitTorrent for a fast and reliable download.

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Downloading FAQ

2008-05-03T01:41:00Z

Harry Kuhman: added mention of mentest boot option

This FAQ is comprised of both downloading & burning questions.

*This FAQ translated into other languages. May not be current or in sync with this FAQ
**German version: [[Faq DownloadingDeutsch]]
**Spanish version:[[FAQ_Descargando|Faq Descargando]]
**Indonesian version: [[Indonesian downloading FAQ]]
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]
----
:Tip: Use CD-RWs instead of CD-Rs every time you can - save your budget and our environment!

====Q: Which version is the newest and which should I download?====

A: As of January 2007 the current release is 5.1.1. Versions sometimes change frequently, but the newest official versions should always be on the official BitTorrent Tracker. They usually show up shortly after on most of the mirrors also, but some mirrors may take a week or more to update. Sometimes unofficial releases also come out, recently these have been copies of versions of Knoppix released for magazines or trade shows. Use these unofficial versions at your own risk.

Official versions of Knoppix will have both a version number and a release date in their name. Some versions of Knoppix (for example 3.1 and 3.3) had several releases with different dates for minor bug fixes but did not change the version number, so checking the release date may be important. Recent versions of Knoppix starting with Knoppix 4 will have either CD or DVD in their name, indicating the size of the distribution and the intended media for writing the ISO. [http://www.trypop.com CD] distributions have less software than the DVD release, but the CD version is still very extensive and can be booted on more systems than the DVD version. The CD version is prefered by many users who wish to carry a Live CD and be able to use it on almost any system that they try to boot it on. The file names (before the ISO extension) will end in either DE or EN. The DE version will by default boot into German. The EN version will default to booting into English.

The official torrent site will usually also contain at least one older version of Knoppix and one or more versions of Games Knoppix, a version of Knoppix loaded with games, sometimes called GK. Most mirrors also contain one older version of Knoppix but might not contain Games Knoppix.

There is currently no known website that offers all old released versions of Knoppix.

====Q: How do I get the CD/current beta?====

A: Several possibilities:

* Download with [[Bittorrent]] from [http://torrent.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/ The Unix-AG BitTorrent Tracker]. Get BitTorrent (if you need it) from http://www.bittorrent.com/. Be sure you set up your firewall setting properly. Properly configured BitTorrent will usually download Knoppix much faster than getting it from the mirrors. [http://guides.radified.com/magoo/guides/bittorrent/bittorrent_01.html "Magoo's Complete Guide to BitTorrent and BitTornado"] will help you configure it & get it working. BitTorrent is by far the fastest and most reliable way to download the ISO. See this thread for one discussion of that: http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=25708

* Download from one of the mirrors listed at [http://www.knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Download Page]. Try to choose the mirror nearest you for best results.
When downloading from a mirror, be sure to also get the matching md5 file. When downloading with BitTorrent you get a set of all related files in one download.
** If you download the ISO image file from a mirror, then also download the [http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Downloading_FAQ#Q:_What_are_these_strange_MD5_files_that_accompany_the_ISO_CD_images.3F accompanying MD5 file] too. If you download by BitTorrent then you will also get an md5 file automatically, although BitTorrent has it's own checks and the md5 is only a second recheck of a good download.

* Order a CD. If a 700Mb download is too much for your bandwidth capabilities, you can order the newest CD from a retailer on [http://knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Order Page]

====Q:Can you download Knoppix in parts if you have a low bandwith (28.8 Kbps) such a pausing the download and continue it another day?====

A: Yes, [[Bittorrent]] supports resume, and so do many ftp clients such as wget ( use wget -c ) or ncftp.
You can use other [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/download download managers] too.

====Q: I can't write to my hard disk while running Knoppix from cd. How can I save the .iso file?====

A: Try downloading to a 1gb (or larger) USB jumpdrive.

====Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?====

A: The files with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5 .md5] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-1 .sha1] extensions contain checksums for the actual CD [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/iso ISO images]. A checksum is a way of fingerprinting files. Just like a real fingerprint identifies a single person, a checksum is unique and matches exactly one file. It is used to verify that the file downloaded matches the original all the way down to the smallest details. In the case of downloading a Knoppix ISO image, the MD5 and SHA1 checksums are used in order to verify that the file downloaded is perfect and not corrupt.

Many file corruption problems have been observed when downloading from the mirrors. It is very important to check the md5 checksum if you use a mirror rather than BitTorrent.

This discussion is about a separate md5 file that you can download from the mirror that you got the Knoppix ISO from, or that comes down as an individual file in the package of files that you get in the package when you download with BitTorrent. '''DO NOT extract any md5 file from inside the ISO.''' The ISO does contain an MD5 file that is used by the testCD command, but this is not the file that is discussed here and should not be used to test the ISO download.

When you download both the ISO image for the CD, you also must download it's corresponding .md5 file. The .md5 file is a plain-text file and can be viewed in a text editor or web browser.

*'''When downloading and running under Windows''', you can check the md5 checksum with your choice of many programs, several of which are listed below. Please note that the methods to check the ISO file & verify the checksum will vary between programs.
** [http://www.nullriver.com/index/products/winmd5sum winMD5Sum]
** [http://md5summer.org/download.html MD5summer]
** [http://www.toast442.org/md5gui.shtml Graphical MD5Sum]
** [http://www.quickpar.org.uk/ QuickPar]
** [http://www.slavasoft.com/hashcalc/ SlavaSoft HashCalc]
** [http://www.line6.com/software/?hardware=All&name=MD5+Checksum+Utility&os=All&submit=Show%3A Line 6 MD5 Checksum Utility] - Very simple account creation required for download.

*'''When running under an already booting copy of Linux''' you can verify that your download was perfect and that the ISO's contents are unchanged by typing "md5sum -c filename.md5" at a Linux shell prompt (command prompt). Knoppix includes the program md5sum, with some versions of Linux you may need to install it. Note that this is a command for use in already working Linux systems, it is not a Knoppix cheat code for use at boot time.

*'''Detailed instructions''' for checking an iso file against it's md5 hash from linux (knoppix):
**first download the .iso disk image file and its .iso.md5 (or .iso.md5.txt or .iso.md5.asc) hash file;
**open a shell prompt window, such as ''konsole'' (the blank monitor icon on the panel bar at the bottom of your screen);
***the shell prompt works much like the command prompt in dos/windows. Moreover, the commands ''cd'' (change directory), ''dir'' (list directory contents), ''help'' (list commands), and ''exit'', are essentially the same as in dos;
**change to the directory where you saved the .iso file and .md5 file;
***use "cd /home" if you saved to your home directory, use "cd /media" or "cd /mnt" to change to the mount point for hard drives and flash memory, "dir" will list devices that are mounted here, "cd hda2" will move to the 2nd partition on drive ''a'' (the 1st hd), "cd .." (note the space) will move up one level to the parent directory;
***in linux file and folder names are case sensitive, so "knoppix" is different from "Knoppix" and from "KNOPPIX";
**use the ''md5sum'' command with the ''-c'' option to check the .iso.md5 file hash code against the calculated hash for the .iso file (the response may take a minute or two);
***use "md5sum -c KNOPPIX_xxxxxxxx.iso.md5" (or .iso.md5.asc), to check against the listed .iso file in the same directory, (remember names are case sensitive, and replace "xxxxxxxx" with the version from the file name);
***if the .md5 file contains a list of file names and hashes, you will see "file not found" messages for other files, look for the specific .iso file name that you downloaded for the relavent response (which hopefully is "OK");
**use "exit" to leave the shell prompt, and procede to burn your cd (or to re-download the .iso image file if the md5sum check failed).
*Note that checking the sha1 hash works the same as above: use "sha1sum -c <filename>.iso.sha1", using the .sha1 hash file that you downloaded with the .iso image file.

Further information about MD5 and programs for various OS's can be found at [http://www.fourmilab.ch/md5/ The MD5 Protocol Documentation].

====Q: What are these strange ASC files that accompany the ISO CD images?====

A: Most users can ignore the .asc files. If there is ever an uncertainty as whether or not the ISO image file and it's accompanying MD5 file are originals & untampered, then the .asc files are important. The .asc files are digital signature messages. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signature Digital signatures] are a method of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentication authenticating] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital digital] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information information] similar to ordinary physical signatures on paper, but implemented using techniques from the field of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography cryptography]. With this you can be sure the ISO image and accompanying MD5 file are genuine, because the .asc file containing the MD5 is signed with Klaus Knopper's PGP key. To verify the file, you need to import PGP key ID 0xBA8F038D from your favorite keyserver, then in Linux you can type "gpg --verify KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc". Then you must check that the MD5 checksum in the .asc file is the same that the MD5 checksum in the .md5 file.

To download the keys, type:
gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys BA8F038D

If you want to verify the signed md5 file and the ISO file in one step, you can type:
gpg --decrypt KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc | md5sum -c -

====Q: I downloaded a file but '''it is a ZIP file''', what do I do with it? ====

A: In all likelihood, you do not have a ZIP file. No offical source is providing the Knoppix files in ZIP format and it is unlikely that unofficial sources are either. From past experience we know that is is most likely that you are allowing Windows to hide file extensions from you and you only think that the ISO is a ZIP file because of an ICON accociated with it. Windows should '''never''' be allowed to hide file extensions. Go to My Computer -> Tools -> Folder Options -> View and turn off the "feature" that hides file extensions (It may be -> View -> rather than -> Tools -> for some versions of Windows).

If you have "extracted" any files from the file that you thought was a zip file, delete them. If you have deleted what you thought was a zip file (the ISO file), you will have to download it again. You '''can not''' put the files you extracted back together and make another ISO, parts will be missing.

====Q: I downloaded a file but '''it is a RAR file''', what do I do with it? ====

A: In all likelihood, you do not have a RAR file. No offical source is providing the Knoppix files in RAR format and it is unlikely that unofficial sources are either. From past experience we know that it is most likely that you are allowing Windows to hide file extensions from you and you only think that the ISO is a RAR file because of an ICON accociated with it. Windows should '''never''' be allowed to hide file extensions. Go to My Computer -> Tools -> Folder Options -> View and turn off the "feature" that hides file extensions (It may be -> View -> rather than -> Tools -> for some versions of Windows).

If you have "extracted" any files from the file that you thought was a RAR file, delete them. If you have deleted what you thought was a RAR file (the ISO file), you will have to download it again. You '''can not''' put the files you extracted back together and make another ISO, parts will be missing.

====Q: I have downloaded the ISO file. How do I burn the ISO? How is the ISO supposed to be burned? ====

A: First check to see if the ISO that was downloaded is perfect & not corrupt. See the above FAQ labeled [[#Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?]]. If it passes the MD5 checksum then you must burn the ISO as an image.

If you have a cd-rw (re-writable) drive, you should opt to use cd-rw disks, saving you from wasting disks and allowing flexability. If you have a cd-r (recordable) drive you will need to use cd-r disks. You will need one 700MB/80min blank CD-RW or CDR disk.

*Linux
**You can use the command ''cdrecord'' or the CD burning program K3b (under "multimedia" in the "K[gear] menu).
*Windows
**Quick answer: Use a program such as Nero Burning Rom or Roxio CD Creator. You can get a [http://www.nero.com/en/index.html free trial of Nero from their site]. In most cases you will want to skip the burning wizard and choose ''File -> Burn Image'' or ''File -> Open''. Select the KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso file, then -> Burn.
**Long answer: Of course the answer depends on the individual program you are using to burn CDs, but all common CD-Writing programs should support the option of burning the ISO as an image, you probably just have to find the right menu option. In the burning program, do not drag & drop the ISO into the burning screen. In the windows explorer, do not attempt to decompress the ISO with something like WinRAR or WinZip. You must ''CHOOSE'' to burn it as an image. Do not burn it at a fast speed greater than 16X. You must burn it at a very slow speed preferably 4X or 8X. Burn your CDR as a '''"Single Session CD" or select finalize'''. The Mode '''"Disk at once"''' or '''"Track at once"''' should not matter (have a look at the Online-Help of your burning software).
* Windows XP/2003 only
** Install the [http://isorecorder.alexfeinman.com/isorecorder.htm ISO Recorder] plug-in for Windows Explorer. Once installed you merely right-click on the ISO image and choose "Copy image to CD".

A common mistake made when burning ISOs: ''"I downloaded & burned the ISO to CDR as a bootable data disc. Now it boots to a A:\ Caldera DR-DOS prompt."''
You are probably seeing something like:
Caldera DR-DOS 7.03
Copyright (c) 1976, 1998 Caldera, Inc. All rights reserved.
[DR-DOS] A:\]
This means that the ISO was burned as a bootable CD or bootable data disc. A Knoppix ISO already includes the boot instructions so it is not necessary to burn it as as a bootable data CD. Burning the ISO file as an image will automatically take care of the bootable details.

It is also possible to burn a bootable Knoppix CD using a Mac. After you have downloaded and verified the .iso file, open Disk Utility from the Utilities folder. Choose Burn from the Images menu and select the .iso. The resulting disk will be bootable on most PCs, the same as if you had used another iso-burning tools.

*Guides and Tutorials
**[http://www.rocketfodder.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/MySite/Burning_Linux_Live_CD%27s_With_Nero_page1.htm A Newbie's guide to Burning Knoppix with Nero Express.]
**[http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/e-smith/docs/howto/CD_burning_howto.html How to burn an ISO image.]
*Quick walkthrough example burn Nero Ultra Edition 6.3.1.25 (not Express.)
**I run it and it automatically starts a "New Compilation" wizard. I immediately click Cancel. Then I go to the File menu and choose Open (or I could just use the keyboard shortcut of CTRL-O). In the Open file dialog box, I change the Files of type from "All Nero compilations and Images" to "Image Files (*.nrg;*.iso;*.cue)". Then I go find the Knoppix ISO file and double-click it to select it. It then brings up the "Burn Compilation" dialog box. I choose a write speed of 4x or 8x. I check-mark the "Finalize CD (No further writing possbile!)". I personally choose the write method of "Disk-at-once" but I know that "Track-at-once" also works. When I am ready, I click on the "Burn" button and Nero will burn the Knoppix ISO to the CDR.

====Q: How do I burn an ISO to a CD using NERO? ====
A: There are different answers for different versions of Nero.

For '''Nero 5''', start the program. You can just hit CANCEL at the wizard menu to get to the main window. Ues the FILE option in the menu near the top of the screen and select the '''Burn Image ...''' option in the sub-menu. Find the ISO that you downloaded in the file open box that pops up. Burn at a slow speed. Do not drag and drop the ISO into the file area. Do not take any option to make the CD bootable.

For '''Nero 6, full version''': The Burn Image ... option in version 6 is gone. Use one of the following: Get to the main menu and then use the Open .... choice under the FILE menu, or under RECORDER in the top menu you will find that Burn Image ... has been moved to this menu. In either case use the box that opens to find the ISO file that you downloaded. Burn at a slow speed. Do not drag and drop the ISO into the file area. Do not take any option to make the CD bootable. When burning with Nero 6, be sure that the option that does a verification check after the burn is enabled (This is true for any software that has this feature, not only Nero 6).

For '''Nero Smart Start''': If you are stuck with this version of Nero, start the application. Point to the 5th icon across the top (the one that shows 2 CDs over a box-like thing). Choose Burn Image to Disc from the menu that changes below the icons. Find the ISO that you downloaded. Burn slowly.

For '''Nero Express 6''': Under the question "What would you like to burn?", pick the last option, Disc Image or Saved Projects. Use the box that opens to find the ISO file that you downloaded. Burn at a slow speed.

If you do not have a copy of Nero you can download a limited time trial version from [http://ww2.nero.com/enu/Demo_Versions.html Ahead Software]. This should give you plenty of time to burn your first Knoppix CD. After the trial expires, if you do not choose to buy Nero you can use Knoppix itself to burn future ISO files.

==== Q: How do I burn an image on to a CD using B's Recorder Gold from BHA? ====
A: Close the Wizard dialog if it pops up when you start the application. Drag the KNOPPIX-'''*'''.iso file to the lower RIGHT region of the app window. It is shaded in yellow and has the title "Track Type"(The icon with a musical note and a folder will be seen in the middle panel). Right click the left region where it says ")1 DATA -mode1 and from the popup menu choose properties. Choose "ISO compatible" and "create from standard bootable disk image" in the two selection boxes. Then press the record button (Upper left), pick your options, and Voila - one KNOPPIX bootable CD is yours.

==== Q: How do I burn an ISO to a CD using NTI CD-Maker from Brouderbund? ====
A: Start NTI. Tell it you want to make a data CD. From the FILE menu near the top of the window, select the sub-menu option "Create Disc from ISO Disc Image File ..." and find the ISO file in the resulting search box that opens. Burn at a slow speed. '''Do NOT''' Drag and Drop the ISO into the file area.

==== Q: How do I burn an ISO with the Microsoft burning software that comes with XP? ====
A: Burning an ISO is not supported in the Microsoft software. Many OEM that package XP with a computer also include other burning software that will burn an ISO. There are third party free and trial version programs that will burn an ISO file under XP that you can download. For example, [http://isorecorder.alexfeinman.com/isorecorder.htm ISO Recorder] is a plug-in for Windows XP that will enable burning an ISO image. A free trial version of Nero is available from [http://ww2.nero.com/enu/Demo_Versions.html Ahead Software].

==== Q: How do I burn the .iso.md5, the .iso.md5.asc the .iso.sha1, the .iso.sha1.asc, and the MD5SUM files to the disc? ====
A: These files are not intended to be burnt to the disc, they are only provided to let you verify that the download that you received is good. If you have not yet checked the md5 checksum as described above then you are not ready to burn the disc. If the md5 has been verified and is good then you no longer need these small files. The other files are provided as alternate ways to check the file. If you already use sha1 checksums you can check that way instead of using the md5, here we keep things simple by only focusing on the md5, either test is completely valid and you need not do both.

==== Q: I have a fast access to a Knoppix-mirror. How can I burn this ISO-file directly to CD-RW with GNU/Linux? ====

: - mkfifo KNOPPIX.fifo # mkfifo create a fifo-file
: - screen ftp mirror ....# screen creates multiple shells in one terminal (handy!) ftp connect to your mirror...
: get KNOPPIX-3.10-EN.iso KNOPPIX.fifo #command to copy inside your ftp-session
: - C-a C-c # screen will make a new shell
: - cdrecord dev=(your burner) speed=4 KNOPPIX.fifo # ftp starts to get data when cdrecord starts to read from fifo
: wait; exit; rm KNOPPIX.fifo; exit
(Attention, use "cdrecord -scanbus" before cdrecord to find the correct device of your cd-writer. If you own SCSI hds, you could lose all data of one hd when you use cdrecord with a wrong dev=(controller,id,partiton) !)

Alternatively:

''This works well and is much simpler:''
wget -O - URL_OF_IMAGE | cdrecord -v speed=4 -eject -

==== Q: What should the resulting disc look like when opened under Windows? ====
A: If you see one ISO file on the CD or DVD then you burnt the disc wrong. You should see an entire file structure on the disc. This may vary somewhat for different versions of Knoppix, but for the 5.0.1 CD version there would be a boot folder with files in it, a Knoppix folder with files in it, several autorun files, a cdrom.ico icon file and an index.html file.

==== Q: What option do I use to make the CD (or DVD) bootable? ====
A: '''None!''' Do not use any option in your burning software to make the CD bootable. Just burn the ISO '''as an image''', this will put all of the proper files on the CD in the proper locations and the resulting CD will be a perfect copy of the original Knoppix CD and will be bootable. If you take any option that makes a bootable CD, you will end up with a CD that does not boot into Linux/Knoppix.

==== Q: My computer won't boot from CD. What should I do? ====

A: Look in your computer's [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS BIOS] (on many computers you need to push the "delete" or F1 key during the POST) to see whether it is set to boot from CD. If this is already set, your computer may not be able to read the CD (some notebooks have problems with black-coated CD's, for example). Some computers will only use the new BIOS settings after a hard reset. Other resources are this page which [http://www.rlrouse.com/bios.html explains the PC BIOS] and this page [http://compreviews.about.com/cs/pchardwarebasics/a/aaBIOS_2.htm explains the boot order.]

=====Smart Boot Manager =====
If your BIOS does not support booting from a CD at all, or if it has that feature but doesn't seem to recognize the Knoppix CD as bootable (and you believe that you burnt it properly), there is a tool called Smart Boot Manager. Get the Smart Boot Manager installer, and install SBM to floppy, this should let you boot from any bootable CD. [http://btmgr.sourceforge.net/download.html Download Smart Boot Manager.] If you want to install from windows, download the sbminst.exe and run it from the Command Prompt like :
'''sbminst.exe -d 0''' to install to floppy drive. SBM can also be install to your hard drive's Master Boot Record, so you will not need a floppy at all to boot the CD.

=====XOSL =====
Another really nice boot manager that will let you boot a CD on a system where the BIOS does not support it is [http://www.ranish.com/part/xosl.htm XOSL]. XOSL is slightly more work to set up, but it is much more powerful and has a much nicer looking user interface. It uses SBM code internally to boot the CD. XOSL must be installed to hard disk, it will not fit on a floppy. For Linux users it is often best to give XOSL it's own small partition (just a few megs in size).
Both XOSL and SBM will let you select at boot time from multiple Operating Systems stored on your hard disk(s). When using XOLS or SMB that way (with either installed to hard disk), install the Linux boot manager (usually Lilo or Grub) to the Linux partition, not to the MBR.

==== Q: My PC will boot off of the burned disc. It is strange since it loads but then stalls or it loads but is giving me I/O errors. What's going on? ====

A: You possibly only got a partial download or the download was complete, but corrupt. If this is the case, then the ISO image is defective and the CDR burn of Knoppix is also defective. This is because the data in the missing/changed parts cannot be accessed (sometimes one can even "hear" this because of the sound the CD-ROM drive makes due to repeated read attempts). It appears to work because the directory tree is written at the beginning of the CD and can be correctly read. However, reading the actual contents of the missing/changed parts is impossible, or in other words, accessing the contents fails. If the ISO image was checked & found to be unchanged and not corrupt, then it is possible that the CDR has been improperly burned or a bad piece of CDR media was used. To rule out the possibility of a bad download or a bad burn, some solutions can be found in the section [http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Downloading_FAQ#Q:_What_are_these_strange_MD5_files_that_accompany_the_ISO_CD_images.3F Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?] and
[http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Downloading_FAQ#Q:_I_have_downloaded_the_ISO_file._How_do_I_burn_the_ISO.3F_How_is_the_ISO_supposed_to_be_burned.3F Q: I have downloaded the ISO file. How do I burn the ISO? How is the ISO supposed to be burned?].

Problems are often seen booting with discs that have been burnt at a high speed. If you checked the md5 file and know that you have a good download of the ISO, and you have followed the other instructions for burning the CD '''as an image''', then be sure that you burn the CD at a slow speed, either 4x or as slow as your burner will let you go (some new burners and newer burning software seem to refuse to burn slower than 8x). High speed burns may work on some systems but not on others, so saying that you high speed burn will boot on one system does not offer proof that is is a good burn or should be expected to boot on other systems. There are also [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=78582#78582 reported cases of the CD working but the boot taking much longer that it should for the system to finish booting]. These problems are resolved by a slow speed burn.

If the ISO is good and the burn was done properly and at a slow speed, but Knoppix doesn't seem to be able to boot on your hardware, you may need to use one or more parameters to help Knoppix if it can't determine your hardware configuration on its own. We call these extra parameters "cheat codes" (see the [http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Cheat_Codes Cheat Code FAQ] for details). In rare cases you may have an optical drive hardware problem (sometimes using CDRW media rather than CDR will help work around this), and sometimes the dma "cheat code" can help a optical disc boot properly (or the nodma "cheat code" for some versions of Knoppix around 3.7). And be sure that you system is up to Knoppix's minimum requirements. A slow and memory starved system will stall when booting and come up very slowly.

==== Q: I know that my disc is good because it boots on another system. Why will it not boot on this computer? ====

A: If the disc was burnt at high speed you do not know that it is good! We have seen over and over that discs burnt at high speed will boot on some systems but not others, or cause other strange problems when booting on some systems. The disc should be burn at slow speed, as suggested elsewhere in this FAQ. If the disc was made at slow speed and the md5 checksum was good and the disc passed a verify pass in the burning software, you may need one or more "cheat codes" to help the hardware detection process along.

It's worth mentioning that you just might have a memory problem. The Knoppix disc includes a bootable memory test that will check this, just type memtest in at the boot prompt to run memtest86. If you can't even boot into memtest86 then something is very wrong with the disc that you made or with your system, if memtest boots then you can determine if your memory is good (and if you have as much memory as you think you have).

==== Q: Must I burn Knoppix on CDRW or CDR to be able to test it? ====

A: When you run another GNU/Linux system, you can copy the content of the Iso-file to your hd and boot it directly from hd. See [[Hd Based HowTo]]. Alternately, Windows or Linux users who run virtual machine software such as the free Vmware Player can boot a virtual machine from the ISO file as if it were a disc drive.

==== Q: Why does my writer/software not accept to write to my 80 minute CD-R? ====

A:Some older writers or older versions of writer software cannot recognise the new playing lengths, because the groove is laid more narrowly. Check with your hardware and software manufacturer to see if these newer media are supported. In most cases, updating the writer software's current firmware (check out the web site of the software manufacturer) will solve these problems.

*http://www.cdmediaworld.com/hardware/cdrom/cd_firmwares.shtml

==== Q: What to do if I haven't got enough space on the CD to burn Knoppix on it? ====

A: There was previously a response here that said "You can overburn it (http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD )". '''That is the wrong answer!''' If the file is correctly downloaded, it will fit on a 700 meg CD (check the md5-sum!!!). It will NOT fit on a 650 meg CD, not even with overburn.

There seem to be a lot of people who are confused about the size of the ISO-file. They either look at the size in bytes and think it will not fit (forgetting that 1 meg is 1024x1024 bytes), or they have done something else wrong like "unpacking" the ISO and then trying to burn it. Most people who report that the ISO will not fit on the CD, will never report back what they did wrong, once they resolve the problem. But the bottom line is that if you properly confirmed the md5-checksum, and saw one good ISO-file (not multiple files), then the file will fit on a 700 meg CD if burned properly.

==== Q:Why do 750 MB fit onto an audio CD but only 650 MB onto a data CD? ====

A: A sector of a CD consists of 2352 bytes. With an audio CD, these are used completely for audio information. With data CDs, an additional fault correction is inserted, and the usable capacity shrinks to 2048 bytes. A 74 minute CD consists of 74x60x75 = 333000 sectors. With 2048 bytes per sector, this gives a usable capacity of around 650.1 MB, with 2352 bytes per sector it gives around 746.6 MB. This therefore also produces a difference in data rates for reading/writing: 172 kbps with audio and 150 kbps for data.

Knoppix needs a 700 meg CD or CDRW to burn the CD. It wil not fit on a 650 meg CD.

==== Q: After I've used KNOPPIX, my "other" OS suddenly shows a blue screen with the message "File kernel.exe not found or defective" and "reinstall..." shortly after boot. ====

A: Simply take the KNOPPIX CD out of the CD-Rom drive and restart the computer.

==== Q: I can download the CD. Why can't I download the DVD? I don't get the proper sized file. ====

A: Since the release of the Knoppix 5.0.1 DVD ISO-file, some people have expressed surprise about this, although many of us expected it. There are some common problems:

If you are trying to save the DVD ISO-file to a FAT32-partition (such as used by Win98), it simply cannot be done. The 5.0.1 DVD ISO-file (and very likely later DVD ISO-files) is larger than the maximum file size that can fit on a FAT32-partition.

If you are trying to download to a Windows NTFS-file system partition or a Linux-file system partition that supports files over 4 GB in size, but you still get a bad download there are two more common problems. Both problems would be avoided, if you use a current release of BitTorrent and download with BitTorrent, rather than use a mirror.

The first problem occurs if you are getting files just under 4 gig in size or extremely short files (around 50 megs for version 5.0.1). In this case the downloading software that you are using is not capable of downloading files larger than 4 gig. One good thing here is if you now have a file just under 4 gig and you try to download with BitTorrent to the same directory, BitTorrent will often detect the file, check it, and download just the missing part (for this to work the downloading utility that you used should not have changed the file name and not otherwise have modified the file).

The second problem is corruption of the mirrors, that has been seen before. In this case your download file will usually actually be slightly larger than the expected file size.

The bottom line is to always check the md5-checksum before burning and learn to use BitTorrent for a fast and reliable download.

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Current events

2008-01-03T01:47:25Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edits by 195.229.242.57 (Talk); changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

__TOC__

= Background =

New table so see all the pages and there conversion status.

[[User:Dr Kludge|Dr Kludge]] would like to thank vim and regular expressions for all their tools. The hat character, ^, is really a control v followed by either an enter key or a control M.

:'a,. s/^/|-^M|^M|/

* Note some of these page names should move from camel case, CamelCase, names to <pre>[[non camel case]]</pre> page names.

= Table =

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|done
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|done
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|}

Help:Contents

2008-01-03T01:39:58Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edits by 211.97.70.252 (Talk); changed back to last version by Qwerty

{| border=1
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD|'''Do not use this page to post requests for help on Knoppix.'''

This page is the wiki page under the wiki help section. It is intended for information about the wiki, not about Knoppx problems, and is not the place to post individual requests for help downloading, burning, booting or using Knoppix. That place is the '''[http://www.knoppix.net/forum/ forums]''', reached by clicking on the '''[http://www.knoppix.net/forum/ forum link]''' near the top of the Knoppix.net home page or this page. The forums are actually a much better choice for posting questions about the wiki too, as regular users see new forum posts each time they visit this website, but only see see changes to the wiki if they search them out.

Before posting a question in the forums it is advised to look at the different subjects the forum is sub-divided into and to read through some of the posts in the forum that best seems to fit your subject. You can also use the search feature to search the forums, you might find your question has been answered many times already with one or two simple keyword searches, and you will get a response much faster that way.

Also, before you post, try to pick the forum that is the best fit for your question, and use a meaningful subject line that relates to the problem. Don't use subject lines like "I'm new, help me". The forums would be a useless mess if everyone did that.
|}

='''What help do you want?'''=

__NOTOC__

=='''Help with editing'''==
Becouse all MediaWikis are edited the same way, you could use Wikipedia's help page: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing]

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Operating system

2007-12-09T13:37:11Z

Harry Kuhman: spam removal

Describe [[operating system]] here!

{{page-stub}}

Operating system

2007-12-09T13:35:53Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edits by Harry Kuhman (Talk); changed back to last version by KlkTvj

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[http://ana-princes.iespana.es/new/julio-nava/ julio nava tu] [http://dafredri.angelfire.com/articles/monete-romane/ monete romane] [http://levirgule.iespana.es/testi-di/ testi di canzone] [http://mubathsh.angelfire.com/text/motorizazione-civile.htm motorizazione civile di cosenza] [http://farshad-uk.isuisse.com/styles/videos-porno.htm videos porno michelle vieth gratis] [http://bet-deratos.iespana.es/topic/creative-muvo/ creative muvo] [http://ravenmax.iespana.es/dissipatori-raffreddamento.htm dissipatori raffreddamento a liquido] [http://den-namore.isuisse.com/sb-system/ sb system] [http://iaa.ibelgique.com/blog/una-donna.htm una donna in crescendo] [http://sharkymel.isuisse.com/web/la-sagra/ la sagra di giarabub] [http://masteriii.isuisse.com/yuppi-du.htm yuppi du] [http://callie-avalon.iespana.es/www-coithienthai/ www coithienthai org] [http://salpukka.isuisse.com/lib/trilogy-inglesina/ trilogy inglesina] [http://brvarcoe.angelfire.com/styles/www-einaudi.htm www einaudi it] [http://the-ile.iespana.es/agriturismo-velletri/ agriturismo velletri] [http://dafredri.angelfire.com/articles/kiss-a/ kiss a angel good morning] Describe [[operating system]] here!

{{page-stub}}

Operating system

2007-12-09T13:35:11Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edits by KlkTvj (Talk); changed back to last version by DlzL5x

[http://gagamgirl.ibelgique.com/view/razas-de/ razas de perros] [http://callie-avalon.iespana.es/trasmittenti/ trasmittenti] [http://quarantined-x.iespana.es/view/siti-solo/ siti solo gratuiti] [http://muamive.isuisse.com/library/drapetsona/ drapetsona] [http://iaa.ibelgique.com/blog/demi-moore.htm demi moore video] [http://hibiscus-blue.ibelgique.com/view/la-rama.htm la rama] [http://zelankom.iespana.es/mare-italia/ mare italia vacanze] [http://sarahxion.ibelgique.com/blog/cammino-neocatecumenale.htm cammino neocatecumenale] [http://dreameradrift.ibelgique.com/small/peruanitas-porno/ peruanitas porno] [http://samuiel.isuisse.com/html/oregon-scientific/ oregon scientific mr238] [http://borg77.iespana.es/styles/frigoriferi-combinato/ frigoriferi combinato da incasso] [http://song-love.iespana.es/content/fotoritocco-light/ fotoritocco light] [http://mubathsh.angelfire.com/text/www-photo.htm www photo hard eva henger com] [http://da-kosta.iespana.es/directory/fortuna-a.htm fortuna a te] [http://billy-brown.isuisse.com/blog/joseph-sayer.htm joseph sayer] [http://epbristo.angelfire.com/toyota-a/ toyota a km 0] [http://dafredri.angelfire.com/articles/bellisimi/ bellisimi] [http://glchinsy.angelfire.com/topic/base-il/ base il volo del calabrone] [http://akyla-pera.isuisse.com/text/cd-stormy.htm cd stormy six] [http://sarahxion.ibelgique.com/blog/make-y.htm make y all bounce] [http://ohsoemo22a.ibelgique.com/library/calcetto-da.htm calcetto da tavolo] [http://magenta4eva.iespana.es/uj-gy.htm uj gy gyv] [http://borg77.iespana.es/styles/taglierina-per/ taglierina per fotografie] [http://night-sacrifice.isuisse.com/resources/one-oice.htm one oice xxx] [http://glmillig.angelfire.com/library/murolo-midi.htm murolo midi] [http://therealocelot.ibelgique.com/articles/code-keys/ code keys viaccess] [http://stdamin.angelfire.com/resources/ati-pro.htm ati 9800pro schede video] [http://masteriii.isuisse.com/free-credit.htm free credit report] 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[http://bodendrucker.ibelgique.com/resources/frank-baum/ frank baum libri] [http://mentalquicksand.ibelgique.com/library/www-bangles.htm www bangles] [http://scsheppe.angelfire.com/articles/simon-paul.htm simon paul] [http://zelankom.iespana.es/www-internet/ www internet] [http://songsoutofkey.isuisse.com/view/schil.htm schil] [http://mubathsh.angelfire.com/text/skeet-shooting.htm skeet shooting] [http://magenta4eva.iespana.es/grandine.htm grandine] [http://masteriii.isuisse.com/amplificatore-portatile.htm amplificatore portatile] [http://sportsgal25.iespana.es/blog/castings-tv.htm castings tv3] [http://billy-brown.isuisse.com/blog/qtek-.htm qtek 9090 italia] [http://cutterjon.isuisse.com/content/volo-aereo.htm volo aereo maceio] [http://song-love.iespana.es/content/cd-the/ cd the essential michael jackson] [http://therealocelot.ibelgique.com/articles/la-famiglia/ la famiglia brambilla in vacanza] [http://add-clab.isuisse.com/styles/sbt.htm sbt] [http://ana-princes.iespana.es/new/julio-nava/ julio nava tu] [http://dafredri.angelfire.com/articles/monete-romane/ monete romane] [http://levirgule.iespana.es/testi-di/ testi di canzone] [http://mubathsh.angelfire.com/text/motorizazione-civile.htm motorizazione civile di cosenza] [http://farshad-uk.isuisse.com/styles/videos-porno.htm videos porno michelle vieth gratis] [http://bet-deratos.iespana.es/topic/creative-muvo/ creative muvo] [http://ravenmax.iespana.es/dissipatori-raffreddamento.htm dissipatori raffreddamento a liquido] [http://den-namore.isuisse.com/sb-system/ sb system] [http://iaa.ibelgique.com/blog/una-donna.htm una donna in crescendo] [http://sharkymel.isuisse.com/web/la-sagra/ la sagra di giarabub] [http://masteriii.isuisse.com/yuppi-du.htm yuppi du] [http://callie-avalon.iespana.es/www-coithienthai/ www coithienthai org] [http://salpukka.isuisse.com/lib/trilogy-inglesina/ trilogy inglesina] [http://brvarcoe.angelfire.com/styles/www-einaudi.htm www einaudi it] [http://the-ile.iespana.es/agriturismo-velletri/ agriturismo velletri] [http://dafredri.angelfire.com/articles/kiss-a/ kiss a angel good morning] Describe [[operating system]] here!

{{page-stub}}

Remaster

2007-11-23T23:20:24Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of FfcK46, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

[[remaster]] is the process of creating a modified version of a live cd. If the original CD was mastered, then [[knoppix]] and other [[liveCD]]s allows you to [[remaster]] the content with your own customized content on the CD. There are instructions on how to [[remaster]] [[knoppix]] cds here in http://knoppix.net. You can find these in the [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/ forums] and here in the [http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Main_Page Documentation wiki].

Bash

2007-11-08T19:45:51Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of WopBkw, changed back to last version by UnderScore

'''Bash''' is a [[Unix command shell]] written for the [[GNU]] project. Its name is an acronym for "Bourne-Again SHell": a pun on the Bourne shell sh, which was the original Unix shell. The Bash command syntax is largely backward-compatible with sh, and includes ideas drawn from ksh and csh, such as the command history, the directory stack, the $RANDOM variable, and the POSIX form of command substitution, <tt>'$('</tt>.

The original Bourne shell was written by Stephen Bourne. Bash was primarily written by Brian Fox and Chet Ramey.

Bash is the default shell on most GNU/Linux systems, and it can be run on most Unix-like operating systems. It has also been ported to Microsoft Windows by the Cygwin project.

Bash is distributed under the GNU General Public License. It is available for download from many sites on the Internet, including the GNU project FTP site. The latest released version is 2.05β.

The complex bash script bashforth shows several bash programming techniques, by implementing a version of the extensible programming language Forth

==== External link ====
*[[http://www.gnu.org/manual/bash-2.02 The Bash Reference Manual]]

[[Category:Useful Linux Commands]]

Bugs/4.0.1DVD

2007-11-06T19:58:18Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of Qe5Gn5, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

I just added this new buglist, since I found bugs in 4.0.1. ;-) -KK

1.) Reported by: KK

The knoppix-terminalserver script does not setup the initrd correctly because ld-linux.so.2 is skipped when parsing the ldd output. Therefore, neither pump nor ifconfig can start when booting the terminalserver client.

Solution: Prior to starting the terminalserver, do a

<code>wget -O - ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/linux/knoppix-dvd/KNOPPIX_V4.0.1DVD-knoppix-terminalserver.patch | sudo patch -p0</code>

2.) Reported by: KK

The automatically generated desktop icons for harddisks are named "Festplatte" in all languages. Sorry, I screwed up here when shortening the hd icon label in order to display the real device name.

3.) Reported by: KK

/usr/bin/cdrecord, /usr/bin/cdrdao, /usr/bin/cdda2wav and /usr/bin/cdparanoia have wrong (missing) group execute permissions.

Solution: Before using any of these programs or running k3b, do a

<code>sudo chmod g+w /usr/bin/{cdrecord,cdrdao,cdda2wav,cdparanoia}</code>

4.) Reported by: pbs

OpenOffice does not open existing documents.

Solution: See workaround for bug #18 in http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Bugs/3.9-2005-05-27.

5.) Reported by: pbs

Mouse not activated when using KVM (Keyboard/Video/Mouse) switch; KVM switch works transparently for V3.8.2,V3.9,V4.0DVDLinuxtag.

'''Update''' 20050916: Wiggling mouse before and during the startup autoconfiguration sequence does help.

6:) Reported by: guest

Boot option testcd don't work cause new version of md5sum change option -v to --status for verbose mode

7.) Reported by: KK

unionfs is broken again, but not as heavily as in 3.9. If you install certain packages with dpkg or apt-get, a kernel oops can happen, though it doesn't freeze the system. This is quite bad for people (like me) who like to test-install new software on the live system, so because of this (and the prior reported bugs) there will be a hotfix of the 4.0.2 DVD soon (probably even before I get a chance to finish the CD).

8.) Reported by: Witbear

Problems with networking. Having to use 'nodhcp' cheat code to boot. Trying to use Network to add adapters (namely RA2500 wireless and VIA Rhine II on my particular machine), the wizard works fine until 'Apply' when process hangs. Therefore can't use networking.

9.) Reported by: stuartyeates

The dhcp fails to renew leases. This typically results in a complete loss of networking exactly 24 hours after booting (most leases run for 24 hours).

10.) Reported by: Entonian

USB printers are not detected.


[[Category:Bug Pages]]

User:Snorbert

2007-10-26T03:57:59Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of JtvJs2, changed back to last version by Snorbert

I joined this Wiki originally to post a workaround allowing Knoppix 3.9 to boot on a Dell Latitude D400 laptop.

-Jason

ISO

2007-10-26T03:57:09Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of AraG4p, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

An ISO Image is a file that contains files and folders of Knoppix contained within. Use a CD/DVD burning software (i.e. Nero) and choose "burn iso image" or something similar to that and select the KNOPPIX_Vx.x.xCD2005-09-23-EN.iso file (or whatever your filename is) and it will burn it onto your disc, with whatever is inside the file, instead of a .iso file.

{{page-stub}}

FAQ Instalando en Disco Duro

2007-10-26T03:45:47Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of Au6Kjv, changed back to last version by Dr Kludge

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Ssh-agent and KNOPPIX

2007-10-16T03:05:51Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of NfyTts, changed back to last version by Mapadi

In order to use [[http://www.deadman.org/ssh-tut.html ssh-agent]] with Knoppix, or any system, you want it
to be started up during X11 initialization so the right environment variables are inherited by
all applications. In order to do this with KNOPPIX you should....

...you have to flail around the Internet or the documentation hoping to run across an up-to-date answer that works. So far you won't find it here.

But I do offer ''the story so far'' in hopes that it will attract attention here and get this page updated with the right answer.

One informative site, with answers that at least used to work with SUSE linux are at http://www.topology.org/linux/kde.html
But there is no $HOME/.xsession file in KNOPPIX 3.4, it doesn't seem to read it if it is there, and there no model to work from at /etc/X11/xdm/sys.xsession

/etc/X11/Xsession.options already has "use-ssh-agent" but that seems ignored.

A friend writes: It looks like it is trying to do the right thing and use ssh,
but I think it is configured wrong.
There is a directory /etc/X11/xsession.d, and in that dir are a bunch of
scripts whose names start with 2 digit numbers. xsession runs those scripts
one at a time. There are a couple (why two?) of scripts that setup ssh.
Unfortunately, their numbers are greater than 50, and 50 is the number of the
script that actually starts all the X stuff. It looks to me like the script
numbered 50 should be renamed to 99 for ssh to work right.

In KNOPPIX version 3.4, the situation is a bit different, but with the
same effect. The file 45xsession starts X11 up, and doesn't use
the $STARTUP convention used by latter scripts like 90xfree86-common_ssh-agent

----
A freedesktop.org standard for how to incorporate ssh-agent would seem
like a good idea. See e.g. http://freedesktop.org/pipermail/xdg/2003-May/001639.html

help...

----

2007-03-08: if you don't want to break the knoppix startup sequence, a quick hack would be to change the /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc:

change

. /etc/X11/Xsession

to

ssh-agent /etc/X11/Xsession

hope it helps..

----

[[Category:Useful Linux Commands]]
[[Category: Networking]]

User:Eadz

2007-10-12T20:49:37Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of UqkXtx, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

Visit New Zealand!

Debootstrap to x86-64 LiveCD

2007-10-08T22:32:22Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of PwaVqx, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

Welcome to the Knoppix 64 / 64bit / AMD64 / EM64T / Knoppix64 LiveCD

==preamble==

*PLEASE if anyone knows where to find the patches for the knoppix kernel please send me an email: jupiterproject at gmail dot com, thanks!
*In Development by [[User:SNIa|SNIa]] 05:05, 10 Jul 2006 (GMT)
*Using the [http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/sarge-amd64/iso-cd/debian-31r0a-amd64-netinst.iso Debian Net-inst CD] as a base, still very alpha.

==Variables==

#!/bin/bash

SOURCEDIR=/mnt/hda1/source/KNOPPIX64
MASTERDIR=/mnt/hda1/master/KNOPPIX64
ARCH=amd64
DEBIAN_RELEASE=sarge
DEBIAN_MIRROR=http://amd64.debian.net/debian-pure64/

==Set Up the Environment==

mkdir -p ${SOURCEDIR}
mkdir -p ${MASTERDIR}

==DeBootstrap==

debootstrap --arch ${ARCH} ${DEBIAN_RELEASE} ${SOURCEDIR} ${DEBIAN_MIRROR}
cp /etc/resolv.conf ${SOURCEDIR}/etc/.

==Now Chroot and set up environment==
chroot ${SOURCEDIR} \
/usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM=$TERM \
PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
/bin/bash --login

mount proc -t proc proc

cd /dev && ./MAKEDEV generic

#ensure /etc/apt/sources.list is setup correclty

apt-get update
apt-get install locales

apt-get install \
gawk \
perl \
perl-modules \
console-tools \
console-data \
console-common \
pciutils \
udev \
dhcp3-common \
binutils \
debhelper \
dpkg-dev \
file \
gettext \
html2text \
intltool-debian \
libmagic1 \
make \
patch \
po-debconf \
bzip2 \
cpp \
cpp-3.3 \
gcc-3.3 \
libc6-dev \
linux-kernel-headers

libvolume-id0 \ #not in repository
linux-sound-base \ #not in repository
ndiswrapper-utils \ #not in repository
ndiswrapper-common \ #not in repository
ndiswrapper-utils-1.1 \ #not in repository
libdb4.4 \ #not in repository
libpci2 \ #not in repository

== Custom Kernel ==
# Download the latest stable 2.6 kernel
# Extract
# Configure
# Make, make modules, make modules_install
# Set up kernel
# Some notes found here http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=21145

tar -xjf /path/to/linux-2.X.YY.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src
cd /usr/src
ln -s linux-2.X.YY linux
cd linux
cp /boot/config-2.6.11 .config
make oldconfig
make menuconfig
make
make modules
make modules_install
cd include
ln -s asm-i386 asm
cd ..
cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.X.YY
cp System.map /boot/System.map-2.X.YY
cp .config /boot/config-2.X.YY
cd /boot
rm config System.map vmlinuz
ln -s config-2.X.YY config
ln -s System.map-2.X.YY System.map
ln -s vmlinuz-2.X.YY vmlinuz

=== Compressed Filesystem ===
Choose either cloop or squashfs
====cloop====
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloop
**Found here http://debian-knoppix.alioth.debian.org/sources/cloop_2.04-1.tar.gz
**Support on cloop seems to be scattered? No home page? No listing on freshmeat?

make KERNEL_DIR=path to kernel

====SquashFS====
*squashfs: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SquashFS (may be using squashfs)
*http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=63835
*HOWTO http://www.artemio.net/projects/linuxdoc/squashfs/SquashFS-HOWTO.html

cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.17
patch -p1 < ../squashfs3.0/linux-2.6.15/squashfs3.0-patch
make menuconfig
select File systems, misc file systems, select squashfs as built in module.
make
make modules
make modules_install

=== unionfs module ===
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionfs
*http://www.filesystems.org/project-unionfs.html

==TO DO==
*Custom Kernel
*cloop module
*unionfs module
*Make a custom minirt.gz file
*(compared from [[Debootstrap to LiveCD]]) Install Custom Kernel Configuration (now 64 bit)

==notes==
*See sister project for comparison [[Debootstrap to LiveCD]]

[[Category: Remastering Knoppix ]]

Open Office

2007-10-08T22:32:09Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of NjrL6f, changed back to last version by Dr Kludge

[[Open Office]] or as it is sometimes called [[Open Office | OO]] is a complete office suite of applications. Files saved in MS Word or MS Excel format can be read into cooresponding [[Open Office | OO]] applications. A great [[Knoppix]] trick is to have a MS Word or MS Excel document on your hard drive. After [[Knoppix]] [[Booting|boots]] its always fun to open up one of these documents. The next question to ask is, "Why would you pay $495.00US to do bold, underline, word wrap, and spell check?"

= External Links =

* [http://www.openoffice.org/ Open Office home page]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openoffice Open Office Wikipedia Article]

[[Category: Open Source Applications]]

FAQ Instalación

2007-10-08T22:29:22Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of Gk8P2x, changed back to last version by Dr Kludge

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Linus Torvalds

2007-10-08T22:27:55Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of ZhhVog, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

Torvalds was born in Helsinki, the capital of Finland, as the son of Anna and Nils, and the grandson of poet Ole Torvalds. Both of his parents were campus radicals at the University of Helsinki in the 1960s, his father a Communist who in the mid-1970s spent a year studying in Moscow. This caused embarrassment to Linus at the time since other children would tease him about his father's politics.

His family belongs to the Swedish-speaking minority (roughly 6% of Finland's population). Torvalds was named after Linus Pauling. He attended the University of Helsinki from 1988 to 1996, graduating with a masters degree in computer science.

Torvalds lived for many years in San Jose, California with his wife Tove (six-time Finnish national Karate champion), whom he first met in fall 1993, his cat Randi (short for Mithrandir, the Elvish name for Gandalf, a wizard in The Lord of the Rings), and his three daughters Patricia Miranda (born December 5, 1996), Daniela Yolanda (born April 16, 1998) and Celeste Amanda (born November 20, 2000). In June 2004, Linus purchased a home in Beaverton, Oregon and enrolled his children in school in that area. [[1]] ([http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/business/technology/personal_technology/8918396.htm)]

He worked for Transmeta Corporation from February 1997 until June 2003, and is now seconded to the Open Source Development Labs, a Beaverton, Oregon based software consortium. Linus and his family recently moved to Portland, Oregon in an effort to be closer to his employer.

His personal mascot is a penguin nicknamed Tux, widely adopted by the Linux community as the mascot of Linux.

Linus's law, a tenet inspired by Linus and coined by Eric S. Raymond in his paper The Cathedral and the Bazaar, is: "Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow." A deep bug is one which is hard to find, and with many people looking for it, the hope (and so far most experience) is that no bug will be deep. Both men share an open source philosophy, which has been in part (and implicitly) based on this belief.

Unlike many open source "evangelists", Torvalds keeps a low profile and generally refuses to comment on competing software products, such as Microsoft's commercially dominant Windows operating system. He is neutral enough to even have been criticized by the GNU project, specifically for having worked on proprietary software with Transmeta and for his use and alleged advocacy of Bitkeeper. Nevertheless, Torvalds has occasionally reacted with strong statements to what has been widely perceived as anti-Linux (and anti open source) FUD from proprietary software vendors like Microsoft or SCO.

For example, in one e-mail reaction to statements by Microsoft Senior-VP Craig Mundie, who criticized open source software for being non innovative and destructive to intellectual property, Torvalds wrote: "I wonder if Mundie has ever heard of Sir Isaac Newton? He's not only famous for having set the foundations for classical mechanics (and the original theory of gravitation, which is what most people remember, along with the apple tree story), but he is also famous for how he acknowledged the achievement: If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood on the shoulders of giants ... I'd rather listen to Newton than to Mundie. He may have been dead for almost three hundred years, but despite that he stinks up the room less."

User:Gh78

2007-10-08T22:26:03Z

Harry Kuhman: spam removal

I am heartened by the changes in 5.01CD. I've figured out how to fix the modem issue, and gpm works again in mc. now if only it would work in the curses shell scripts...
I am happy to see my airlink usb ethernet adapter is automatically detected, and Xorg's improved monitor support is much appreciated.

Thu Apr 13 00:41:00 PDT 2006

Hello.

I am a kinda beginner--a bit more advanced than a newbie.
I started with v3.3, then moved to v3.4 [thanks for the cd, kyle] then used v3.7, 3.81, 4.02.
I also try D.S.L. from time to time. [a v3.4 fork]
I'm interested in [http://freshmeat.net/projects/twin/ twin] and would love to see it on a cd.

I am saddened to see the lack of the 2.4 kernel--everything seemed to work much better back then.

I am quite happy to see the wiki working. open source *depends* on feedback from the users.

have a nice day

User:Gh78

2007-10-08T22:25:02Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of QdyWn9, changed back to last version by KhaH54

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[http://bigeyelive.com/images/icons/njwtxw.html Power rangers tommy] [http://marketingstat.com/iq/kpveot.html Digimon hentai] 2006-11-27 Mon 11:30:57 PM
I am heartened by the changes in 5.01CD. I've figured out how to fix the modem issue, and gpm works again in mc. now if only it would work in the curses shell scripts...
I am happy to see my airlink usb ethernet adapter is automatically detected, and Xorg's improved monitor support is much appreciated.

Thu Apr 13 00:41:00 PDT 2006

Hello.

I am a kinda beginner--a bit more advanced than a newbie.
I started with v3.3, then moved to v3.4 [thanks for the cd, kyle] then used v3.7, 3.81, 4.02.
I also try D.S.L. from time to time. [a v3.4 fork]
I'm interested in [http://freshmeat.net/projects/twin/ twin] and would love to see it on a cd.

I am saddened to see the lack of the 2.4 kernel--everything seemed to work much better back then.

I am quite happy to see the wiki working. open source *depends* on feedback from the users.

have a nice day

Remaster

2007-10-02T13:46:24Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of FfcK46, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

User:Ml

2007-10-01T03:18:43Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of DbqYxm, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

i worked on a customized knoppix cd, based on knoppix 4.0.2.
I'm posting my changes here in case they might be of use to others.

----

=== grub gfx boot ===

i wanted the cd to boot using grub instead of isolinux (can be used for repairs/diagnostics).
morphix and kanotix are both using a cute graphic grub menu, which gives easy access to
various knoppix cheatcodes, documentation etc.
This one's based on morphix, with slight ui changes (added dvorak keyboard layout, kept only french and english languages, updated doc and menus)

{| width="80%" cellpadding="5"
|[http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/gfxboot/grub_gfx.png http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/gfxboot/grub_gfx_sml.png]
|
| To try the bootloader in qemu, download [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/gfxboot/gfxboot.iso.bz2 gfxboot.iso.bz2], extract it and run <pre>qemu -cdrom gfxboot.iso</pre>
|}

grub files need to be setup under [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/cd_skel/boot/grub boot/grub] on the knoppix cd.

note: remember to make final iso image with :
<pre>
mkisofs -pad -l -f -r -J -V "MYKNOPPIX" -b boot/grub/iso9660_stage1_5 -c boot/grub/boot.cat -o
../myknoppix.iso -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 1 -boot-info-table knoppix_iso_directory
</pre>

boot/grub/message is a cpio archive which controls the ui. to recreate it you need the tools from
[http://www.morphix.org/debian/source/gfxboot_2.4.orig.tar.gz gfxboot_2.4.orig.tar.gz].

Then you can use
[http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/cd_skel/KNOPPIX/remaster/gfxboot-grub/gfxboot-grub-0.1_my.tgz gfxboot-grub-0.1_my.tgz]
to recreate message (based on [http://www.morphix.org/debian/source/morphix-iso-grubtheme_0.1-2.tar.gz morphix-iso-grubtheme_0.1-2.tar.gz])

=== dev setup ===

i wanted an easy way to test the remastered version from hd without having to reboot or create an iso each time, so i had another machine boot from the network just like knoppix terminal server, except with the current
state of my remastered version.

i got tired of having 2 different miniroots (one for the cd, one for netboot) so i merged the 2 together
(of course, the actual netboot miniroot still needs the right network modules added to it to work, but that's the only difference)

Also, knoppix terminal server still required a KNOPPIX cloop file, which i didn't want to create each time,
so i added a "nocloop" cheatcode to use the raw files instead.

There are issues when using nfs + unionfs directly (which normally don't occur in knoppix terminal server since
it's nfs + cloop + unionfs - note: "nfsro" unionfs mount option seems to fix it, but shouldn't be needed), so i ended up putting the remastered files in an ext2 filesystem in a loop file (knoppix_loop) and accessing that from the diskless client.

note: the netboot client still uses pxelinux - grub's network stuff didn't work for me

==== Example setup ====

for reference, here's my setup using nbd (nfs would work fine as well)

* /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf (the etherboot image didn't work for me, fortunately etherboot supports pxe as well, so it works with both pxe and etherboot clients)
<pre>
# dhcpd.conf for KNOPPIX terminalserver

# global settings
allow booting;
allow bootp;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 {
next-server 10.0.0.101;
# if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "Etherboot" { filename "etherboot.nbi"; }
# else { filename "pxelinux.0"; }
filename "pxelinux.0";
option subnet-mask 255.0.0.0;
range 10.0.0.201 10.0.0.250;
option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.138;
option routers 10.0.0.138;
}
</pre>

* /etc/nbd-server
<pre>
NBD_PORT[0]=1234
NBD_FILE[0]=/mnt/space/samba/share/isos/knoppix_loop
NBD_SERVER_OPTS[0]=-r
</pre>

* add to /etc/inetd.conf
<pre>
tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/in.tftpd in.tftpd -v -s /tftpboot
</pre>

* setup [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/tftpboot_nbd/ /tftpboot], copy [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/vmlinuz vmlinuz] and [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/miniroot/accelerated_knoppix/miniroot.gz miniroot.gz] in it

* tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default:
<pre>
DEFAULT vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=791 initrd=miniroot.gz quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix keyboard=dvorak xkeyboard=dvorak
TIMEOUT 300

PROMPT 1
DISPLAY boot.msg
LABEL knoppix
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=791 initrd=miniroot.gz quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix keyboard=dvorak xkeyboard=dvorak
LABEL normal
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=791 initrd=miniroot.gz quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix
LABEL debug
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off vga=normal initrd=miniroot.gz debug BOOT_IMAGE=debug keyboard=dvorak xkeyboard=dvorak
LABEL knoppix-txt
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=normal initrd=miniroot.gz BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix keyboard=dvorak xkeyboard=dvorak
LABEL expert
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=791 BOOT_IMAGE=expert initrd=miniroot.gz keyboard=dvorak xkeyboard=dvorak
LABEL fb1024x768
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=791 xmodule=fbdev initrd=miniroot.gz BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix keyboard=dvorak xkeyboard=dvorak
LABEL fb800x600
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=788 xmodule=fbdev initrd=miniroot.gz BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix keyboard=dvorak xkeyboard=dvorak
</pre>

* note: make sure you have the right network drivers inside miniroot.gz and the ips above are correct.

=== miniroot changes ===

i also wanted a way to boot from an iso image on the hd, without needing the physical cd at all (i have a notebook without cd drive, hence "bootfrom" cheatcode wouldn't work there). so i added a "fromiso" cheatcode, and direct support for reiserfs, ntfs and ext3 (i don't mind having a bigger miniroot)

lastly i merged changes from [http://www.alpha.co.jp/ac-knoppix/ accelerated knoppix], see next section for that.

download new miniroot: [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/miniroot/accelerated_knoppix/miniroot.gz miniroot.gz]

linuxrc:
[http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/miniroot/accelerated_knoppix/linuxrc new]
[http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/miniroot/orig/linuxrc original]
[http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/miniroot/accelerated_knoppix/linuxrc.diff diffs]

'''warning''': /home lives in unionfs in my version, not in ramdisk as in knoppix 4.0.2 (ie /home/knoppix already exists in the cloop image). If you don't want that, you should undo these diffs in linuxrc:
<pre>
-mkdir -p /ramdisk/tmp /ramdisk/home/knoppix && chmod 1777 /ramdisk/tmp && chown knoppix.knoppix /ramdisk/home/knoppix && ln -snf /ramdisk/home /home && mv /tmp /tmp.old && ln -s /ramdisk/tmp /tmp && rm -rf /tmp.old
+mkdir -p /ramdisk/tmp && chmod 1777 /ramdisk/tmp && mv /tmp /tmp.old && ln -s /ramdisk/tmp /tmp && rm -rf /tmp.old
</pre>
<pre>
- test "$i" = "home" -o "$i" = "tmp" && continue
+ test "$i" = "tmp" && continue
</pre>

==== new cheatcodes documentation ====

<pre>
* Alternative boot methods (ie not booting from cd).
Useful for testing while remastering knoppix.

knoppix nbdhost=10.0.0.1 mount filesystem on network block device
nbdport=1234 (nbd) served by specified host.
knoppix nfsdir=10.0.0.1:/knoppix mount nfs directory (*)
nodhcp don't ask for ip (diskless clients) (*)
knoppix fromiso=/dir/file.iso boot from iso directly. doesn't need cd
as bootfrom cheatcode.
knoppix nocloop don't mount a KNOPPIX cloop image. other
cheatcodes determine directory to use
as /KNOPPIX
knoppix loopfile=/dir/image mount filesystem on specified file
(implies nocloop)

(*) : same cheatcodes as available on knoppix-terminal-server clients.

Examples
========

Boot from knoppix iso on hd:
(the whole cd iso, not the KNOPPIX cloop file - compare with just fromhd=...)
knoppix fromhd=/dev/hda4 fromiso=/share/isos/knoppix_402.iso

Boot from ext2 filesystem in loop file /knoppix_loop on hd partition /dev/hda4:
knoppix fromhd=/dev/hda4 loopfile=/knoppix_loop

Boot from nfs on 10.0.0.101 serving content of knoppix cd (same as knoppix
terminal server):
knoppix nfsdir=10.0.0.101:/mnt/tmp nodhcp

Boot from nbd on 10.0.0.101 port 1234 serving same /knoppix_loop fileas above:
knoppix nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp

Filesystems
===========

The cd's initrd image supports the following filesystems
iso9660 reiserfs ext3 ext2 ntfs vfat
(original one only supports iso9660 ext2 vfat, so can't use fromhd on ntfs
for example. bootfrom has to be used instead, but requires the cd...)
</pre>

==== Poor man's install, grub and ntfs ====
Let's say we have a windows only pc, with just one ntfs partition.
We want a way to copy the cd to the hd so we don't need the cd anymore (poor man's install).

We'll install grub on hd so we don't even rely on the cd for booting. Except for that, we want minimal
changes done to the machine. especially, no repartitioning.

* First, we need a version of grub that can read ntfs, since that's the only place we can install it. From windows, install [http://grub4dos.sourceforge.net/ wingrub] using the boot.ini method.
* grub will look for things in C:/boot/grub. If there's a C:/grub instead, create boot directory and move it there.
* copy boot/vmlinuz and boot/miniroot.gz from knoppix cd to C:/boot/knoppix/
* copy cd's KNOPPIX/ directory to C:/
* edit C:/boot/grub/menu.lst :
<pre>
title Windows
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1

title My Knoppix
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/knoppix/vmlinuz fromhd lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=791 quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix dma
initrd /boot/knoppix/miniroot.gz
</pre>
* If you don't want to install grub on the mbr stop here, otherwise go on.
* In wingrub make sure you do the base install.
* reboot, ntldr menu lets you choose between windows and grub. choose grub.
* press ESC or c to go to command line. type
root (hd0,0)
setup (hd0)
grub is now installed in mbr.
* reboot under windows this time, rerun wingrub. uninstall grub from boot.ini

=== accelerated knoppix ===

The guys at http://www.alpha.co.jp/ac-knoppix/ have optimized the knoppix cd layout and boot process so it boots in under 50 seconds on some pcs. the cd layout optimization is done with a profiler, and it's possible
to use it to speed up apps as well.

the main documentation is in japanese (which i don't speak), so here's what i figured of the [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/accelerated_knoppix/readme.txt optimization process] from
google automatic translation (
[http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/accelerated_knoppix/lcat_manual_eng.html manual] and a
[http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/accelerated_knoppix/accelerated_knoppix_tutorial.html tutorial]
).

Downloads: get lcat_1.0.tar.bz2 from http://sourceforge.jp/projects/lcat/

note: knoppix-terminal-server changes:
* build miniroot from /cdrom/boot/miniroot.gz (or prompt user) instead of building from scratch (so we reuse whatever cloop module is in there)

==== new cheatcodes documentation ====

<pre>
* Accelerated Knoppix

knoppix chkblk=10000 enable cloop profiling. profile data is
available in /proc/cloop/
knoppix nocbr don't use cloop readahead
knoppix noac45 don't use 45xession fixes
knoppix noacka don't use knoppix-autoconfig fixes
knoppix noacxs don't use xsession fixes
knoppix noacit don't use inittab fixes
knoppix noac don't use any boot script/progs fixes
</pre>

=== qemu ===

installed qemu 0.7.2 with kqemu accelerator

installed qemu gui: [http://emeitner.f2o.org/qemu_launcher qemu launcher]

additional scripts needed for networking :
* [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/qemu/qemu-ifup /etc/qemu-ifup] (edit to choose between bridge or forward setup)
* [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/qemu/qemu_bridge /usr/local/bin/qemu_bridge] : bridge virtual and ethernet interfaces
* [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/qemu/qemu_forward /usr/local/bin/qemu_forward] : use iptables to forward traffic to virtual interface
* [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/qemu/qemu_prelaunch /usr/local/bin/qemu_prelaunch] : qemu_launcher prelaunch script

=== misc ===

* added "xkeyboards" cheatcode to enable overriding of additional keyboard layouts (useful in addition to "keyboard" and "xkeyboard" cheatcodes if you want complete control over which layouts are there)

* got via_drv.o for xfree 4.3.0 from [http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~glaweh/debian/unichrome/xserver-xfree86_4.3.0.dfsg.1-10.1unichrome30.1_i386.deb xserver-xfree86_4.3.0.dfsg.1-10.1unichrome30.1_i386.deb], fixed /usr/share/hwdata/pcitable to use via xfree driver

* /home on unionfs instead of ramdisk to save ram (my /home/knoppix is much bigger after i install firefox extensions etc)

* in most scripts, replaced
<code>CMDLINE="$(cat /proc/cmdline)"</code> with
<code>CMDLINE=" $(cat /proc/cmdline) "</code>
to prevent bugs with keywords at the beginning/end when a leading/trailing space delimiter is looked for.

* script changes :
 
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
| /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig
| [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/knoppix-autoconfig new] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/knoppix-autoconfig.orig orig] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/knoppix-autoconfig.diff diff]
|"xkeyboards" cheatcode, create /dev/dvd
|-
| /etc/X11/Xsession.d/45xsession
| [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/45xsession new] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/45xsession.orig orig] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/45xsession.diff diff]
| changes needed to have /home on unionfs
|-
| /usr/sbin/knoppix-terminalserver
| [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/knoppix-terminalserver new] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/knoppix-terminalserver.orig orig] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/knoppix-terminalserver.diff diff]
| reuse miniroot from cd instead of building new one
|-
| /usr/sbin/mkxf86config
| [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/mkxf86config new] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/mkxf86config.orig orig] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/mkxf86config.diff diff]
|
|}

=== putting it all together ===

* get and extract [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/cd_skel.tar.bz2 cd_skel.tar.bz2]

* copy [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/vmlinuz vmlinuz] and [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/miniroot/accelerated_knoppix/miniroot.gz miniroot.gz] in boot/

* now you need a KNOPPIX cloop file with the above changes in KNOPPIX/. I can't distribute mine because it has copyrighted material in it, however you can create your own (these remaster [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/TODO notes] might be of use)

* update md5sums:
<pre>
find -type f -not -name md5sums -not -name boot.cat -not -name iso9660_stage1_5 -exec md5sum '{}' \; > KNOPPIX/md5sums
</pre>

* make final iso image with :
<pre>
mkisofs -pad -l -f -r -J -V "MYKNOPPIX" -b boot/grub/iso9660_stage1_5 -c boot/grub/boot.cat -o
../myknoppix.iso -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 1 -boot-info-table knoppix_iso_directory
</pre>

* (optional) accelerated knoppix profiling (see above)

Mount

2007-09-30T20:17:39Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of DnvT9m, changed back to last version by Dr Kludge

[[mount]] is used to graft both devices and file systems into [[memory]].

[[Category:Useful Linux Commands]]

ISO

2007-09-26T12:09:54Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of AraG4p, changed back to last version by Systemf

Wish List

2007-09-19T20:01:41Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of WeiUbd, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

A GUI based remastering application/script, that embodies all the necessary steps to produce a new LIVECD or installation CD, just clicking on what packages I want and don´t. -)

=======================
I have a business need to open up the company intranet to employees' home PCs -- basically for telecommuting purposes of non-geeks. However, we safely presume that those PCs are already part of somebody's botnet and we don't want them to pollute our otherwise relatively clean network. Unfortunately it's just too expensive to send company-owned PCs home with employees and to maintain them properly. Therefore I would like to see someone put together the following Linux distro or explain to me how I would roll it myself. (Is there some kind of GUI tool that would let me pick and choose the individual modules and packages (and their dependencies) to be rolled into a custom Linux? Maybe there is one somewhere, I just don't know what it's called.)

The distro I'm looking for (or to build) would:

a) MALAYSIAN VERSION KNOPPIX LIVECD
b) Boot the widest possible number of home PCs, assuming that the end user can be trusted to boot from CD or USB and his children can help him set the BIOS for auto-boot from USB,
c) Upon boot, auto-launch a VPN session to the company intranet as a prerequisite for doing anything,
d) Run a GUI desktop that will NOT grant the user the ability to see or to configure "system" or OS-specific parameters,
e) Restrict the sites to which the user's browser may visit to a predefined list of "company" and "business partner" sites,
f) Run a firewall that makes the PC appear to be a "black hole" to the barbarians on the Internet
g) Run Open Office, a browser, imap mail client and some custom company-only apps.
h) No IM, no chat, no network-aware daemons other than those already mentioned, no developer tools -- a "no frills" workstation.
i) Boot and execute from a 2GB USB drive or smaller,
j) Boot from a live CD if necessary, but run from the USB drive for obvious performance reasons.
k) Does NOT touch the underlying PC's hard drive(s) in any way.
l) Would not be useful for anything except talking to the company intranet and its systems.

Thus the employee would boot this distro for work purposes and when finished, would reboot into Windows (or whatever) as he normally would for his personal use. In return for letting the company borrow his PC for an hour or two per day, he could telecommute and have a life.

=============

* a Real windowz replacement Desktop Linux:
** should run on any machine starting from 386/486 cpu with 32mb ram...
** Xinerama
** tinyX or other small X
** with wine (or cedega?) preinstalled and configured, ready to run many windowz progz
** with rdesktop, vnc, ica client, and other clients ready to connect to any terminal server and can also act as one.
** preinstalled all small apps for everyday use: browser, mail, office suite, etc...
** clustering will be great here. so that less used pc can give their cpu power to other pc that is heavily used.
*** i'd try lots of so-called small distro, like damnsmall, puppy, feather, etc... none of them runs on my pentium I 150mhz, 32mb ram, 1gig hdd

* HotSpot Knoppix. a plug-n-play wireless hotspot. including captive portal, radius server, user authentication, wpa2, HostAP, WiFiAdmin, add/remove user, billing & accounting, time-based user, bandwidth-based user, protocol/port-based user, etc... just like the ready-to-use wsr3800 here: http://www.basewireless.net/products_indoor.php?product=hotspot ; also with squid/middle-man filtering proxy, antivirus/spam mail gateway, web server, etc, like the redwall-firewall.com
** see also http://www.wifi.com.ar/english/hotspot.html
** see also http://openisp.net/mysqlWisp/

* Would be great if Knoppix could be modified to save user data back to the CD-RW or DVD that it boots from, ala Puppy Linux ([http://www.goosee.com/puppy/ http://www.goosee.com/puppy/]) (I know there's not much room on the CD but it would be cool if bookmarks, passwords, form information, etc. could be saved (to a USB key would be even better.)

* NTFS Support!!!
**i think it's already a lot distro support ntfs.

* How about adding Tor ([http://tor.eff.org/ http://tor.eff.org/]) functionality to the CD?
**Actually, I successfully did a remastering whith working tor + privoxy + squid, and it was easy to do it... (public version will be ready to download in october at streambox.org).

* I think a knoppix live CD configured as a webcam monitor would be a very useful tool. Use motion detection to trigger snapshots and either archive output to HD, use ftp to transfer to another server or email off site. If anyone already knows a distro that will do this then please comment here or let me know via /c/o/n/s/u/l/t/./j/s/@gmail.com (remove /'s) Thanks.
** if you dont mind you can use a hardware, like asus wl500g, which also powered by linux inside.

* A basic knoppix with hlds (half-life dedicated server) pre-installed, and all configs pointed to the floppy drive (they'll only need to be read once anyway, you can swap configs easily without recompiling.

* I would like to see a "safe internet client" customization, that allows to turn any PC with an internet connection into a public internet terminal, where different users can surf the internet, check email, chat IRC etc. without compromising the PCs harddisk. All personal data (emails, notes, downloads)should be storable on a USB Stick or Floppy (if Floppyspace is enough). A nice option would be the use of the usb stick/floppy as personal boot device with automatic logon for that particular user. It would be important to have the option to lock the cd-drive with a supervisor password, so nobody can boot the original OS from harddisk. (Wilhelm Koehler)
** Wilhelm - have you tried Kannotix - I would say that that would meet your spec pretty closely.
** Think you are asking too much re locking CD - you would be better off disabling the other OS or removing it

* I'd like a Knoppix CD with NTFS support (ro is fine), NWFS support (if anyone can do it!), and Mondo/Mindi. This would make a seriously handy DR-generator. I'm in the process of generating this myself, but it's my first go at remastering Knoppix, I'm doing it on a *very* slow machine, and I suspect someone else will be able to do a much better job ;-). Vic.

* I'd like a Knoppix CD with [http://richard.jones.name/google-hacks/gmail-filesystem/gmail-filesystem.html gmailfs] support. Ideally there would be a costumization tool that asks you for one or more accounts and passwords and adds them to the CD image before you burn it so that each CD would access and mount its owners' accounts automatically, read the configuration from there, store it back there, and store the /home directory for each user in his own gmail account. Also perhaps, to protect the account, the CD should ask for a password (perhaps the same as for the account) before allowing any logins. Of course, one would have to configure the network connection before one can mount any gmail account, but I'm sure someone who -unlike me- knows enough of this matters will be able to find a way.

* Would be nice to have a complete Windows Repair (NTFS support of course) Disk. Being one that works on alot of computers, I hate Windows PE (it's a windows live-cd). Those who have used it know it sucks. The only reason I use it is because I have to if I want to change user passwords, edit the registry, run Spybot, virus scan, you know...deal with all the problems that plauge Windows. Like if there was a way to mount the Windows drive and run progs on it like Wine does...tbat would be the perfect Windows Repair CD. And what's funnier that being able to say "yea, the only way to fix Windows is with Linux."

Customizing environment using 4.0.2CD

2007-09-19T20:01:31Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of PebUcj, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

These are the steps I use to customize my Knoppix 4.0.2 environment.

__TOC__
= Persistent Disk Image (PDI) =
A persistent disk image allows me to customize Knoppix without having to remaster the CD. With a generic Knoppix CD and a PDI, I can take my environment to just about any computer.

Create a persistent disk image either from the GUI or the command line
* From within KDE
K > KNOPPIX > Configure > Create persistent KNOPPIX image
* command line
knoppix-mkimage
I prefer an image size of 500 MB, which is just large enough for a significant amount of software updates yet small enough to fit on a USB thumb drive. I don't choose encryption, but that's a personal preference. Once you create the image, reboot and specify the image at the boot prompt. Assuming the knoppix.img is at /mnt/sda1/, then:
boot: knoppix home=/mnt/sda1/knoppix.img
Note: Specifying the home folder may not be necessary. Apparently, Knoppix scans for the knoppix.img even if one does not specify home=.

= Installing Microsoft's True Type fonts =
Installing Microsoft's True Type fonts using apt-get at the command line
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
Change the fonts in KDE:
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Fonts"
* click "Adjust All Fonts"
* check "Font"
* highlight "Bitstream Vera Sans"
* click "OK"
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Customizing the tool bar =
== Mozilla Firefox ==
Firefox uses the globe icon instead of the icon with the firefox. I like to change the icon to the Firefox icon.
* right click the Firefox icon in the toolbar
* click on Properties
* click on the icon
* in the search box, type "fire"
* double-click on the FireFox icon
* click OK
= Customizing the K menu =
== Run KSysV as root ==
* click on "K > System"
* right-click on "KSysV (SysV-Init Editor)"
* click on "Edit Item"
* in the Command text field, add sudo to the front of the command
sudo ksysv -caption "%c" %i %m
* uncheck "Run as different user"
* click on "File > Save"
* click on "File > Quit"

= Changing the background image =
Change the background image to Debian Blue:
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Background"
* click the radio button "Picture"
* choose "Debian Blue" from the drop-down menu
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Changing the splash screen =
Change the splash screen to "Redmond":
* open "K > Control Center"
* open "Appearance & Themes > Splash Screen"
* click on Redmond
* click "Apply"
* select "File > Quit"

= Setting up and starting services =
== Setting up webmin ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost:10000/
# install/setup
sudo -i
passwd
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin
rm /etc/rc?.d/*webmin
update-rc.d webmin start 30 2 3 4 5 . stop 70 0 1 6 .
/etc/init.d/webmin stop
/etc/init.d/webmin start
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost:10000/

== Setting up the apache webserver ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/
# install/setup
sudo -i
update-rc.d apache start 40 2 3 4 5 . stop 60 0 1 6 .
/etc/init.d/apache stop
/etc/init.d/apache start
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/

setting up webmin-apache
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-apache
#
# test connection to apache module and configure (I choose the defaults)
lynx https://localhost:10000/apache/index.cgi

== Setting up the SSH server ==
# test
ssh knoppix@localhost
# install/setup
sudo -i
passwd knoppix
update-rc.d ssh start 35 2 3 4 5 . stop 65 0 1 6 .
perl -i -plne 's/(^PermitRootLogin) yes/$1 no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
/etc/init.d/ssh stop
/etc/init.d/ssh start
# test
ssh knoppix@localhost

setting up webmin-ssh
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-sshd
#
# test connection to sshd module
https://localhost:10000/sshd/index.cgi

== Setting up the MySQL server ==
# test
mysql --no-defaults -h localhost -u root mysql -e 'status'
# install/setup
sudo -i
update-rc.d mysql start 35 2 3 4 5 . stop 65 0 1 6 .
perl -i -plne 's/(^old_pass)/# $1/' /etc/mysql/my.cnf
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
/etc/init.d/mysql start
# test
mysql --no-defaults -h localhost -u root mysql -e 'status'

configuring MySQL root account
# set a root password
mysqladmin --no-defaults -h localhost -u root password 123456
# unset the root password
mysqladmin --no-defaults -h localhost -u root -p123456 password ''

setting up webmin-mysql
apt-get update
apt-get install webmin-mysql
#
# test connection to MySQL module
lynx https://localhost:10000/mysql/index.cgi

== Setting up Mediawiki ==
# test
lynx -dump http://localhost/mediawiki/

# install
apt-get update
apt-get install mediawiki

# enable index.php
perl -i -plne '$rep="\n\tDirectoryIndex index.html index.htm " .
"index.shtml index.cgi index.php" ;
s#(^.*/mediawiki/>)#$1$rep#' /etc/mediawiki/apache.conf
/etc/init.d/apache reload

# configure -- Fill in form
lynx http://localhost/mediawiki/

# If configuring worked, move the config files around
( set -x
mv /var/lib/mediawiki/config/LocalSettings.php /etc/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php &&
chmod 600 /etc/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php &&
rm -rf /var/lib/mediawiki/config/
)
/etc/init.d/apache reload

Debootstrap to x86-64 LiveCD

2007-09-19T20:01:21Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of PwaVqx, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

Bugs/4.0

2007-09-19T20:01:11Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of TxoW3g, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

1.)
The Knoppix V4.0 DVD did not boot and hung. In debug mode i found that there were ACPI warnings "executable code found at module level". The solution to this was to remove the USB card reader I had plugged in. After that the boot sequence finished ok. I do not know if this error is worth being tracked. I cannot really make a connection between ACPI and a USB device. If anyone is interested in the issue I will send additional data.

- I had a similar problem. Used the "nousb" option - booted fine.

- I think that this may be a local/BIOS problem specific to a board. Have you tried "knoppix acpi=off noapic pnpbios=off pci=bios" to change the way the BIOS allocates interrupts between devices? -KK

2.)
Knoppix needs a povray raytracing engine if it is to have KPovModeller. Here is the error:

i) Load up Graphics--> KPovModeller.
ii) (It comes up with a basic scene).
iii) Hit View--> Render
iv) It gives the error message: "Couldn't call povray. Please check your installation or set another povray command."

A discussion of possible workarounds (including my wishlist) can be found at: http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=88147#88147 . I would note that I entered it into a feature request at that forum and was directed to report this as a bug. Paipix 3.6 FWIW does not give this error because it has a povray engine. (submitted by PterandoN, pterandon)

- Problem: povray is NOT FREE SOFTWARE. The license is incompatible with a free distribution for any purpose, including commercial ones. So, I'd rather remove kmovmodeler in 4.0.1. Sorry. -KK

**********
- SOLUTION:
**********

I'm afraid you're mistaken. Povray is FREEWARE. I've had a member of POV-Team assert that its license is fine for distribution like Knoppix. It is already distributed on:

i) klik (http://klik.atekon.de/index.php?section=graphics/ )
ii) mediainlinux (http://www.mediainlinux.org/index.php/mediainlinux/news/release_news/mediainlinux_3_beta_version_release_notes)
and
iii) Paipix (If you invoke the "Render" on kpovmodeller, it invokes povray application.
iv) eduknoppix (http://eduknoppix.dmf.unicatt.it/) as far as I can see.

See also: http://www.povray.org/povlegal.html

(edited by PterandoN, Greg M. Johnson 2005-08-17.)

**********

Sorry, "Freeware" does not make it "free software". Read http://www.povray.org/povlegal.html thoroughly. You may NOT distribute povray commercially without restrictions, therefore a computer magazine, for example, could NOT include a Knoppix CD anymore if povray is in it, unless the magazine gets a written permission from the povray legal owners. Also, each and every redistributor pf a Knoppix with povray needs to also accept the quite complex povray REDISTRIBUTION license at http://www.povray.org/distribution-license.html. Sorry, at this point, I really think it gets inacceptable. If the povray authors would agree to distribute povray under an OSI-approved license (http://www.opensource.org/) instead of the current one, I see no problem for the inclusion in Knoppix. -KK

+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_

When we re-wrote the license for POV-Ray 3.6 (released June 2004) we spent some time trying to make
it OSS-friendly. (And time==money since we paid a lawyer to do it). But for some reason we still get
statements like the above, which are both incorrect and misleading.

The abovementioned distribution license had an entire section (2.0) devoted to OSS distribution
and explicitly mentions knoppix by name (see paragraph 2.2 and also 4.1(c)) as being a permitted distribution. How anyone could come to the conclusion that knoppix is not permitted to distribute POV-Ray given the presence of those terms is beyond me.

<cite>Submitted by POV-Ray Team Co-ordinator</cite>

+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_

Hello, please see pertinent points of povray license, as see at:

http://news.povray.org/povray.general/thread/%3Cweb.43204b61cff5d9da40d56c170%40news.povray.org%3E/

Respectfully yours, PterandoN

+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_

3.)

Knoppix 4.0 booted from DVD:

- No sound. When I go to "Kontrollsystem - Soundsystem aktivieren" I get the message: Error while initializing the sound driver, device /dev/dsp can't be opened (No such device). The sound driver doesn't seem to be installed. It's a Soundblaster AWE 64 Gold, with Knoppix 3.4 it works.

- Could you let me know which soundcard (PCI vendor and version ID) and which module has worked for your card in 3.4? Also, I would recommend booting with the options mentioned under 1.) -KK

- Can't edit Grub bootloader with the system tool "Systemstart". The Bootloader can't be found.

Knoppix 4.0 installed on hard drive:

- No sound. Same problem as above.

- Now the Grub bootloader is found, but the entry of Windows XP starting isn't displayed. Changes doesn't affect anything, either.

- Open Office 2.0 doesn't start (Knoppix' size is only 6 GB on my hard drive, I thought it should be around 10 GB. Perhaps some files are missing.).

- Looks like /KNOPPIX was copied to harddisk, which doesn't contain /opt/openoffice. The installer should have used /UNIONFS as source instead. Easy fix: Boot the DVD, mount your install partition at /mnt/hd, and then do a "cp -a /KNOPPIX2/* /mnt/hd/" as root. -KK

- No USB hard drives are getting detected.

- Works for me.

Perhaps you can fix some of these problems by hand, but it will be nice, if it works out of the box. I know, that Knoppix isn't made for installing on hard drive, but many people do so and perhaps it is not so much work to fix the problems.

4.) desktop=openbox at boot doesn't work (standard KDE comes up). The openbox option in the restart X program does work.

- Problem with knoppix-autoconfig, which did not have openbox in the list of "syntactically correct" desktop variants. Line removed in 4.0.1. -KK

5.) Compaq Presario V2335 laptop. No sound after hard drive install. Used to work fine with Knoppix 3.9. Should be compatible with snd_i8×0 driver but no sound at all. Here's the lspci -v output for the soundcard. Already tried booting with tried "knoppix acpi=off noapic pnpbios=off pci=bios" but still has the same problem. Thanks!

0000:00:1e.2 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) AC'97 Audio Controller (rev 03)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company: Unknown device 3080
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17
I/O ports at 1c00 [size=256]
I/O ports at 18c0 [size=64]
Memory at b0040800 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=512]
Memory at b0040400 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2

6.) There is a bug in linuxrc script created with /etc/init.d/knoppix-terminalserver. There is a code

<code>
FOUND_NETWORK=""
echo "Loading network device module(s)"
for i in $(cd /modules/net; echo *.*o); do
case "$NFSMODULES" in
*$i*) ;;
*) $INSMOD /modules/net/$i >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
case "$i" in 00*) ;; *) echo "${CRE} ${GREEN}Found network device(s) handled by ${MAGENTA}$i${GREEN}.${NORMAL}" && FOUND_NETWORK="$i" ;; esac
;;
esac
done

# Enable kernel messages again
echo "6" > /proc/sys/kernel/printk
/static/ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1 up

[ -n "FOUND_NETWORK" ] || dropshell
</code>

on the last line should be variable name $FOUND_NETWORK instead of plain string "FOUND_NETWORK"
<code>
[ -n "$FOUND_NETWORK" ] || dropshell
</code>

Am I right? Maybe it's already updated in version 4.0.1.

7.) e2fsck Gets Segmentation Fault

Ran "e2fsck -y -f /UNIONFS/dev/sda1" on a USB2 external drive, and eventually got a segmentation fault in Pass 4. Here is the output:

<code>
i_file_acl for inode 6029323 (...) is 1082130432, should be zero.
Clear? yes

Segmentation fault
</code>

8. Booting and load bug?

Installed version 4.0 from the DVD to my second hard drive hdb. Did apt-get update and then apt-get upgrade. On updates, choose use maintainers version and also keep installed version. Upon reboot, it gets to the KDE login screen, loads until "Configuring Hardware" icon, screen goes blank for a few seconds, then takes me back to the log on screen, keeps asking for login. Also installed the CD version 4.0.2 on another computer, same results. jrocky

8. More

On KDE menu gets to "Configuring peripherals" or "Installing peripherals".
Also DCHP fails, can make it work by going to Knoppix on KDE Menu and Network configuration before doing update and upgrade.
jrocky

9. KDE Keyboard tool causes Knoppix to "hang" / lang option is not respected in X
My laptop has an azerty keyboard with Belgian layout and while the lang=be works fine on the console, X is still started with a US (qwerty) layout. When changing the layout by clicking the system tray icon Knoppix "hangs". It is possible to change to the "proper" layout by right-clicking the icon and choosing configure.


[[Category:Bug Pages]]

Indonesian downloading FAQ

2007-09-19T20:00:58Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of UuiCvy, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

----
Kembali ke [[Indonesian Knoppix FAQ]]
----
:Tips: Pakailah CD-RW jangan CD-R sebisa mungkin - simpan uang anda dan selamatkan lingkungan!

==T: Bagaimana caranya mendapatkan CD versi aktual/beta?==

J: Ada beberapa kemungkinan:
* Download dari salah satu mirror terdaftar di [http://www.knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Download Page] . Cobalah pilih mirror terdekat dengan anda untuk hasil terbaik.
* Download dengan [[Bittorrent]] dari [http://torrent.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/ The Unix-AG BitTorrent Tracker]
* Jika download 700Mb terlalu besar untuk bandwith anda, anda bisa meng-order CD terbaru dari retailer di [http://knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Order Page]

==T: Dapatkah anda men-download Knoppix dalam beberapa bagian jika anda hanya punya bandwith kecil (28.8 Kbps) seperti menghentikan download sementara dan melanjutkannya di lain hari?==

J: Ya, [[Bittorrent]] mendukung cara tersebut, dan juga banyak ftp client seperti wget (gunakan wget -c) atau ncftp.
Anda dapat memakai yang lain juga [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/download download managers].

==T: Apa gunanya file MD5 yang menyertai image ISO dari CD?==

J: file dengan ekstensi .md5 mengandung checksums untuk CD yang aktual
[http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/iso ISO images]. Checksum adalah "nomor yang cocok" untuk mengecek file. Anda dapat memastikan bahwa file sudah cocok dengan yang orisinil sampai ke detail yang paling kecil. Ketika anda men-download kedua file: image ISO untuk CD dan file .md5 yang berkesesuaian, anda dapat memastikan bahwa download anda sudah komplet dan bahwa isinya tidak berubah dengan mengetik "md5sum -c filename.md5" dalam Linux/Unix.

Information lebih jauh mengenai MD5 dan program untuk berbagai macam OS dapat ditemukan di [http://www.linuxiso.org/viewdoc.php/verifyiso.html LinuxISO.org] dan [http://www.fourmilab.ch/md5/ The MD5 Protocol Documentation]. Anda dapat men-download versi Windows&trade di [http://www.toast442.org/md5gui.shtml this site].

==T: Apa gunanya file ASC yang menyertai image ISO dari CD dan file MD5?==

j: file dengan ekstension .asc adalah pesan tandatangan PGP yang mengandung md5sum digunakan untuk memastikan image dari ISO CD. Dengan menggunakan ini anda bisa meyakinkan image ISO dan file MD5 yang menyertainya adalah asli, karena file .asc berisi MD5 yang ditandai kunci PGP milik Klaus Knopper. Ini hanya bisa dikompromikan jika seseorang mendapat kunci rahasia yang digunakan untuk menandai pesan. Untuk memastikan file, anda perlu mengimpor kunci PGP ID 0xBA8F038D dari keyserver favorit anda, kemudian dalam Linux anda dapat mengetik "gpg --verify KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc". Kemudian anda harus mengecek bahwa MD5 checksum dalam file .asc adalah sama dengan MD5 checksum dalam file .md5.

Jika anda ingin memastikan file md5 yang ditandai dan file ISO dalam satu langkah, anda dapat mengetik:
gpg --decrypt KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc | md5sum -c -

==T: Saya sudah men-download file ISO, sekarang bagaimana?==

J: Beberapa kemungkinan lagi:

*Linux: anda dapat menggunakan command:
cdrecord -v speed=4 dev=0,3,0 filename
:dimana dev=0,3,0 adalah cdwriter anda

:('''Perhatian''', pakai "cdrecord -scanbus" sebelum cdrecord untuk meyakinkan bahwa dev=0,3,0 adalah cd-writer anda. Jika anda punya SCSI hds, anda dapat kehilangan semua data dari satu hd ketika anda memakai cdrecord dengan dev=(controler,id,partiton) yang salah!)

*Windows jawaban pendek: anda membutuhkan satu CD kosong 700Mb. Gunakan program seperti Nero burning rom. Anda bisa mendapatkan versi free trial di [http://www.nero.com/en/index.html free trial of Nero from their site]. Untuk membakar dengan program ini, lewati wizard dan pilih File>Burn Image. Pilih file KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso,>Burn. (perhatikan, Nero 6 mempunyai bug yang mencegahnya membakar image besar, untuk patchnya lihat: [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4974#23520 this forum discussion])

*Windows jawaban panjang: tentu saja jawaban tergantung dari masing-masing program yang anda pakai untuk membakar CD, tapi semua prgram CD-Writing yang umum dipakai mendukung pilihan membakar image ISO yang bisa boot, anda mungkin hanya harus menemukan pilihan menu yang tepat. Di alamat [http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/docs/ for Knoppix documentation] dan di beberapa mirror KNOPPIX di dalam direktori dengan nama yang sama, anda bisa menemukan beberapa contoh tertulis sebagai dokumen step-by-step yang pendek dari pengguna yang sudah berhasil menyelesaikan prosedur. KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso -files adalah image ISO, yang menggunakan "El Torito"-Specification ([http://www.phoenix.com/resources/specs-cdrom.pdf documented here]).

Dalam image ISO tidak hanya ada data user, tetapi juga informasi mengenai struktur file dari CD itu sendiri. Jika anda ingin melihat struktur file, coba lihat di [http://www.isobuster.com/ Isobuster].

Untuk mendapatkan file image dalam CD gunakan mode RAW dari software pembakar anda (lihat Bild 1 WinOnCD German Edition).

*Pilih KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso sebagai nama file dari image.
*Pilih 2048 Bytes/Sector sebagai format data yang benar (see Bild 2 WinOnCD German Edition).

Bakar CD anda sebagai '''"Single Session CD" atau pilih finalize'''.
Mode '''"Disk at once"''' atau '''"Track at once"''' seharusnya tidak relevan untuk data-CD (Lihat Online-Help dari software pembakar anda).
Jika CD mem-boot, tetapi terbaca error, coba '''"Disk at once"'''.

==== T: Komputer saya tidak mau boot dari CD. Apa yang bisa saya lakukan? ====

J: Lihat BIOS komputer anda [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS BIOS] (di kebanyakan komputer anda perlu menekan tombol "delete" atau tombol F1 saat POST) untuk melihat apakah booting diset dari CD. Jika ini sudah diset, komputer anda mungkin saja tidak bisa membaca CD (beberapa notebook punya masalah dengan CD yang dilindungi dengan lapisan hitam sebagai contoh). Beberapa komputer hanya akan memakai setting BIOS yang baru setelah hard reset.

J: Jika komputer anda tidak mendukung booting dari CD, anda dapat membuat bootfloppy menggunakan [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/rawrite "rawrite"] atau lebih baik lagi program file mkfloppy.bat dalam direktori "KNOPPIX" di CD.

J: Gunakan Smart Boot Manager, dan install ke floppy, ini akan membolehkan anda mem-boot dari CD apapun yang punya kemampuan booting. http://btmgr.sourceforge.net/ . Jika anda ingin meng-install dari windows, download sbminst.exe dan jalankan dari Command Prompt seperti :
'''sbminst.exe -d 0''' untuk menginstallnya ke drive floppy.

==== T: Saya mendownload KNOPPIX melalui WWW/FTP atau mendapat versi download dari seorang teman. PC saya bisa mem-boot-nya, tetapi bootup-nya berhenti setelah beberapa saat atau saya hanya melihat gambar background, dan selain itu tidak ada lagi yang terjadi. Ada apa gerangan? ====

J: Kemungkinan anda hanya mendapat sebagian download, atau download telah diinterupsi tanpa diketahui. Jika ini yang terjadi image ISO sudah rusak, dan data dari bagian yang hilang tidak dapat diakses (kadang-kadang seseorang bahkan dapat "mendengar"nya karena adanya suara dari drive CD-ROM disebabkan adanya usaha untuk membaca berkali-kali). Ini fatal sebab cabang direktori ditulis di bagian awal CD, jadi selalu komplet. Dengan demikian, anda dapat membaca cabang direktori dari CD dengan tepat. Namun demikian, membaca isi aktual dari bagian yang hilang adalah tidak mungkin sama sekali (dengan kata lain, akses ke isi gagal dilakukan). Beberapa kemungkinan solusi dapat ditemukan di bagian "Apa gunanya file MD5?" and "Bagaimana caranya mendapatkan CD?".

==== T: Setelah menggunakan KNOPPIX, OS saya yang "lain" tiba-tiba memperlihatkan layar biru (blue screen) dengan pesan "File kernel.exe not found or defective" dan "reinstall..." beberapa saat setelah booting. ====

J: Keluarkan saja CD KNOPPIX dari drive CD-Rom dan start ulang komputer.

==== T: Saya melihat partisi hard disk saya di desktop dan dapat mengakses isinya ketika saya meng-klik-nya, tetapi jika saya ingin menulis ke hard disk saya selalu mendapat pesan error "access denied". Bagaimana caranya saya dapat menulis di partisi saya yang sudah ada? ====

J: Filosofi umum KNOPPIX adalah dengan membolehkan sesedikit mungkin akses tulis. Untuk alasan ini, partisi yang sudah ada, bisa tidak di-mount atau hanya mount tetapi "read only/hanya boleh dibaca saja". Jika anda meng-klik dengan tombol kanan mouse pada icon, atribut "read-only" dibawah item "device" dapat tidak di-cek/dipilih. Setelah itu, partisi dapat di-mount "read-write" (untuk partisi yang sudah di-mount, pertama klik di "unmount"!). PERHATIAN: menulis ke partisi NTFS dapat menyebabkan kehilangan data, karena Linux tidak benar-benar mendukung sistem file ini! Namun demikian, sistem file DOS and FAT32 aman digunakan untuk akses tulis. Tips: dalam shell, command "mount -o remount,rw /mnt/" dapat mengijinkan sistem file yang sudah di-mount menjadi "bisa ditulis/made writeable".

==== T: Saya punya akses yang cepat ke mirror Knoppix. Bagaimana caranya membakar file ISO ini dengan GNU/Linux langsung ke CD-RW? ====

: - mkfifo KNOPPIX.fifo # mkfifo membuat file fifo
: - screen ftp mirror ....# screen membuat banyak shell dalam satu terminal (portabel!) ftp menyambungkannya mirror anda...
: get KNOPPIX-3.10-EN.iso KNOPPIX.fifo #command untuk mengkopi session ftp anda
: - C-a C-c # screen akan membuat shell baru
: - cdrecord dev=(your burner) speed=4 KNOPPIX.fifo # ftp mulai mendapat data ketika cdrecord mulai membaca dari fifo
: wait; exit; rm KNOPPIX.fifo; exit
(Perhatian, gunakan "cdrecord -scanbus" sebelum cdrecord untuk menemukan device cd-writer yang benar. Jika anda punya SCSI hds, anda dapat kehilangan semua data dari sebuah hd ketika anda memakai cdrecord dengan dev=(controller,id,partiton) yang salah!)

=== ATAU ===
''Ini berfungsi baik dan jauh lebih sederhana:''
wget -O - URL''OF''IMAGE | cdrecord -v speed=4 -eject -

==== T: Haruskah saya membakar Knoppix di CD-RW supaya bisa men-tes-nya? ====
J: Ketika anda menjalankan sistem GNU/Linux yang lain, anda dapat mengkopi isi dari file Iso ke hd anda dan bootinglah langsung dari hd. Lihat [[Hd Based HowTo]].

==== T: Bagaimana caranya membakar image ke CD dengan memakai B Recorder Gold dari BHA? ====
J: Tutup dialog Wizard jika tampil ketika anda memulai applikasi. Drag file KNOPPIX-'''*'''.iso ke wilayah bawah KANAN dari applikasi window. Ini akan dibayangi warna kuning dan punya titel "Track Type"(Icon dengan note musik dan sebuah folder akan terlihat di tengah panel). Klik kanan wilayah kiri dimana terlihat ")1 DATA -mode1 dan dari menu popup pilih properties. Pilih "ISO compatible" and "create from standard bootable disk image" dalam dua pilihan boks. Kemudian tekan tombol record (Atas kiri), pilih pilihan anda, dan Voila - satu CD KNOPPIX yang bisa diboot jadi milik anda!.

==== T:Kenapa 750 MB bisa cukup untuk CD audio tapi hanya bisa 650 MB ke CD data? ====

J: Sebuah sector dari sebuah CD terdiri dari 2352 bytes. Untuk CD audio, Semuanya dipakai untuk informasi audio. Untuk CD data, sebuah tambahan koreksi fault dimasukkan, dan kapasitas yang bisa dipakai menciut menjadi 2048 bytes. CD dengan kapasitas 74 menit terdiri dari 74x60x75 = 333000 sector. Dengan 2048 bytes per sector, Kapasitas yang bisa dipakai adalah sekitar 650.1 MB, dengan 2352 bytes per sector kapasitas yang diberikan sekitar 746.6 MB. Oleh sebab itu juga akan menghasilkan data rate yang berbeda untuk reading/writing: 172 kbps untuk audio dan 150 kbps untuk data.

==== T: Kenapa writer/software saya tidak dapat menulis ke CD-R ukuran 80 menit? ====

J: Beberapa writer atau software writer yang versi lama tidak dapat mengenali ukuran panjang yang baru, sebab kemampuan geraknya lebih sempit. Cek hardware anda dan pembuat software untuk melihat kalau media yang lebih baru ini sudah didukung. Dalam banyak hal, dengan mengupdate firmware dari software writer (cek web site dari pembuat software) akan memecahkan masalah ini.

*http://www.cdmediaworld.com/hardware/cdrom/cd_firmwares.shtml

==== T: Apa yang dilakukan jika saya tidak mendapat cukup ruang dalam CD untuk membakar Knoppix ?- ====
J: Anda dapat membakarnya lagi (http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD ).

----
Kembali ke [[Indonesian Knoppix FAQ]]

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Burn Home

2007-09-19T20:00:48Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of UkuDks, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

= Introduction =
[[Burn Home]] is an alternative to Persistent Home

After each session the directory /home/knoppix/ is burned onto a CDRW
At boot up the directory is automatically restored from the CDRW
Multiple backups are encouraged, Multiple projects on disk sets are possible.
New versions of KNOPPIX will hopefully work with no instalation needed.
Adding programs to the second CD will make this a 2CD KNOPPIX+ version.

= Ususal Warnings =

This work is volunteer, experimental, untested, and should not be relied upon. 
Enjoy.

This work is experimental use and to inspire others. 
Each user must determine its usefulness and reliability. 

= Goals Envisioned =

Uses: Provide a very low cost, portable, secure computer environment.

Inexpensive computing with simple startup is suitable for many users. 
High security can be obtained by haveing data only in memory, and save to 
CDRW only in encripted form. No unencrypted data is ever on a storage media. 
A random password can be kept on an USB stick and stored seperately for added 
protection.

= Uses Described =

Students, library patron, low use public, high security, legacy preservation, robotics are good matches.

The advantage of this use of KNOPPIX is to provide a low cost, portable,
secure computer environment. Students, library patrons, high security,
demonstration and development projects, or public computer kiosk may
be a good match. KNOPPIX with burn_home may offer an interesting solution
to the legacy preservation in computing. It may also be excellent for
robotics since the energy use can be minimal with no hard drive and the
CD drive that only runs when needed.

A few CDRW disks and a floppy is all a student needs. Such a user may
lose or have stolen more expensive media.

Slow shutdown speed and limited installation of new software are among
many limitations.

= Design Philosophy =

The operating system, personal data, and computer are seperated from each other.

The computer, the operating system and data should be
kept independent of each other. This can increases secruity,
reliability, portability, and ease of use.

A new live CD up date version may be used giving an upgraded
operating system. Simply burn the new iso and put it in the
CD tray and boot. Unless there are major KNOPPIX
changes, the data from the RWCD will continue to work.

= Target Computer =

500 MB memory, floppy, DVD or CD, second CDRW -- no hard drive needed.

The envisioned target computer for [[Burn Home]] has

: * one floppy
: * CD drive
: * Second CDRW drive – may be on USB -- these scripts assume cdrom1 dev=1,0,0 (enter cdrecord –scanbus to find your dev=?,?,?)
: * 500 MB memory – less may work but may be limiting
: * sound
: * internet
: * printer

= Setup Instructions =

KNOPPIX is booted from CD, the KDE desktop customized and several files copied.

1. Start (boot from) the KNOPPIX CD

2. Make a boot floppy from the KNOPPIX CD
see [[Boot FloppyHowTo]]

3. Edit the file syslinux.cfg on the boot floppy.
After the first BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix add --> myconfig=/mnt/cdrom1
and any other cheat codes you wish --> lang=us
[[See Note]](3)

4. Click Home --> Desktop
Paste or copy the script file burn_home to this directory
Right click burn_home --> Properties --> Permissions -->
check all of the Exec boxes.
[[See Note]](4)

5. Adjust your KDE desktop features like background, clock font, icon size,
scanner, printer, and internet. Put in a new empty floppy and:
K --> KNOPPIX -->Configure --> Save Knoppix Configuration --> OK --> floppy
Now copy configs.tbz and knoppix.sh from the floppy to the
/home/knoppix directory.
[[See Note]](5)

6. Place a CDRW disk to be overwritten or a blank CDR disk, and click
on burn_home on the desktop. Click all of the OK boxes for the usual
operation with a CDRW. Wait for the message saying the burn was good.
Remove the CD.
[[See Note]](6)

7. Normal operation: Reboot with the boot floppy, the KNOPPIX CD in the
first CD tray, and the burn_home disk in the second CD tray.

8. Rotate through at least 3 or as many CDRW as you wish
so that you will always have backup copies to go back to.
At any time you may start a new set of disks.
Occasionally, I burn a CDR to keep as a permanent record,
when I have reached a point in programming that I want to
keep for reference.

= Scripts Update =

The script burn_home is all you need to save and automatically restore your files and settings.

Here are the latest scripts.

I tried to type the files into this Wiki. What a mess! 
The latest script burn-home will be with the FTP downloads at 
[http://grow-knoppix.berlios.de]

[http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2705 The original post]

If you have comments or question please do not post to that link. 
Post a new question under general toppics or to this Wiki.

= Adding Programs =

With special methods new programs can be added to the second CDRW.

You cannot, of course, add program files to the root directories
since these are on the KNOPPIX CD and are therefore read only.

But by adding to the path of the console, the path is extended to
the directory /ramdisk/home/knoppix/dist/bin
Some programs can be modified to install in this directory.

Kano has written excellent scripts to install some programs to
/ramdisk/home/knoppix/dist/bin on the live CD.
Try mplayer and realpalyer. Once installed and saved to CD
with burn_home the programs a available on boot up -- thus
essentially making a new 2 CD KNOPPIX version.
[http://kano.mipooh.net/ ]

There is also:

- [http://klik.berlios.de/ ]
- live-installer on KNOPPIX 3.4

= KNOPPIX Adoption =

Although this is a simple add on, integration into KNOPPIX would be welcomed.

If that is so, why didn't you contact the official sources? Debian-knoppix Mailinglist is for that. (FF)

= Bugs/[[Wish List]] =

General discussion of limits and new proposals.

Add your bugs here!

= Document Translation =

Help is welcomed on document development and translation.
A [http://www.illusivecreations.com/ Calgary Web Design] company that offers over 100 articles on [http://www.illusivecreations.com/ knoppix].
= Team Gratitude =

I thank all of the KNOPPIX community and all who have give specific support.

= [[Public Comment]] Guests, please use this Wiki page for comments and suggestions. =
------------------------------------
This is a work in progress. 
[http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2705 The initial information is posted on the KNOPPIX forum.]
I will keep adding improvements as they become available. 
I hope this will be of use to further the KNOPPIX phenomenon. 
Best wishes 
paradocs
* Please do ''not'' add subpages for project-specific pages. Use a syntax like: [[Burn Home |Burn Home/Bugs]] or similar if you really want to do that.

Back to [[Knoppix Projects]]

Kernel image

2007-09-19T20:00:36Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of ByrUd0, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

The kernel is the core of the operating system. It's primary functions are controlling execution of processes, handling memory management, providing a filesystem, and providing a portable interface through which programs may communicate with hardware.

A [[kernel image]] is a compiled and usually compressed & self-extracting kernel (generally with the name of '''bzImage'''). In the linux distributions, it is copied from /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/ to /boot .

The uncompiled kernel source can be obtained from [http://www.kernel.org] in .tar.gz or tar.bze format . To compile the system one uses "make xconfig" in XWindows environment and later make dep; make clean; make bzImage; to compile the modules make modules make modules_install.

The kernel image is booted changing [[http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/lilo Lilo]] /etc/lilo.conf :

*image=/boot/X.X.XX
*label=KernelX.X.XX8
*read-only
*alias=2

See also [[kernel panic]]

Win2Linux

2007-09-19T15:01:17Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of PihScd, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

This [[Win2Linux]] page provides a how to easily and smoothly transform your win machine into linux...
or could be your friend's or neighbour's or classmate's pc/laptop...

General Use:

1. if you dont want a dramatic change, firstly, install all free open source software that can run both on linux and windows. so when you really use linux, you will see the same programs.

those programs are:
* openoffice.org to replace ms office
* gaim - messenger client for yahoo, msn, aim, icq, jabber
* mozilla.org to replace msie & msoe
* sylpheed-claws for better email and newsgroup
* 7zip
or, just use http://www.theopencd.org/ that packed with all these

2. if you already getting used to these great free progs, then download some livecd to test. see [[Knoppix Customizations]]
* if you're installing on friend's pc, choose something that looks like windows, perhaps something with icewm/xfce. otherwise, you can choose something that suite your personal taste.
* if you want to use kde/gnome for daily use, make sure you have enough cpu/memory because these desktop will use lots of it. (recomended at least pentium4 with 128mb ram)

3. use your favorite livecd for a few days and getting use to it.

4. choose install to hdd from your favorite livecd

5. voila! you have been save from hazardous windows... you and your pc will live healthy and happily ever after...

Games:

Check out wine and winex. These are programs that the developers have taken great efforts to make applications meant for Windows work on Linux.

Also, check out http://www.linuxsoft.cz for a list of games that already have compatable versions for Linux.

Bugs/4.0.1CD

2007-09-19T15:01:05Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of Wi6R63, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

I just noticed that there still is a bug in the dragging and dropping of a website onto the toolbar. It crashes Konqueror when you attempt to drop a website on the toolbar. Fortunately, the toolbar retains the webside on the toolbar when you restart Konqueror. It is just unhandy to have to do it this way. I had noticed this in version 3.9 and I was hoping this would be fixed in Version 4.0+. Sorry that I did not mention it sooner. I guess it should be added to the list of bugs for fixing.

Thanks for doing such a splended job of improving so many aspects of Knoppix in all other areas. Teriffic!

[[Category:Bug Pages]]

Linux Loader

2007-09-19T15:00:54Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of PpxLyf, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

At first, I'm not sure if the link [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Loadlin+Win95-98-ME.html ] is realy about the SYSLINUX. In my opinion, Loadlin is rather different program, which can boot Linux kernel from DOS/Windows operating system, while SYSLINUX is "primary" boot loader. Now, ldlinux.sys is the executable which can run the Linux kernel. Important fact is that this file must be copy to disk (boot device) only once during instalation. It's HARDWARE adress is stored in the first sector of device. System will not boot, if you delete this file, even if you copy it back on disk later.

Debootstrap to x86-64 LiveCD

2007-09-19T06:24:12Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of PwaVqx, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

Live CD Tips

2007-09-19T06:23:59Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of HpgJjk, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

Bugs/4.0.1DVD

2007-09-19T06:23:41Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of Qe5Gn5, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

User:Ml

2007-09-19T06:23:29Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of DbqYxm, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

Bugs/3.4

2007-09-19T06:23:11Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of CszPr7, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

Bugs/4.0

2007-09-19T06:22:53Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of TxoW3g, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

Dance Dance Tux

2007-09-19T06:22:37Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of ChbRms, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

[[Dance Dance Tux]] is supposed to be a Knoppix remaster.

There is a little problem with it. This would be my first remaster,
and I'm still trying to get it to work, but I have tried the software
and it works like a charm, I get really good framerate, and the idea of
having a portable Dance Dance Revolution System with me is awesome.

Just think about it, you go to a computer, you insert the cd,
and DDR comes up, the only thing u have to do is plug in your dance mat
to the parallel port via an adapter (which can easily be made at home).

The remaster will have no Office programs (like [[Open Office]], KOffice,Abi Word, etc..)
It will be very limited, as it may not even have Mozilla or internet programs.
After all, why would you need internet in a dance dance revolution machine?

if anyone wants to help me do this project, just send me an email:
hernancosi AT sbcglobal DOT com (typed like this for spamming reasons).

The remaster will have:

*pyDance (current version)
*python 2.3
*Optimized parallel mat drivers (the current ones are really slow)
*+400 ddr songs (or as many as I can fit in the cd)

About the songs, I have another idea, it would be to have all the songs in a different cd and just insert it at the same time you boot up knoppix, of course this would require a computer with 2 optical devices, but most of the home computers already have them.

OK, that's all for now... Any questions or ideas, just email me at the email address above.

Have a nice day

Hernan

Indonesian downloading FAQ

2007-09-19T06:22:25Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of UuiCvy, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

Win2Linux

2007-09-19T06:22:09Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of WuuRot, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

User:S-max

2007-09-19T06:21:57Z

Harry Kuhman: Reverted edit of ItbDze, changed back to last version by Harry Kuhman

I'm wanna better future for linux & me & all other!