Knoppix Documentation Wiki - User contributions [en]

Completely new HD based HowTo page

2011-07-13T16:47:56Z

Capricorny: Added on poor man's install

=== HOWTO set up Knoppix to run from harddisk. Knoppix 6+ version ===

There are 5 basically different ways to run Knoppix 6.X

* Off the CD/DVD, the "classic", fall-back-to method
* Off the CD/DVD ISO image on disk
* From flash/USB media
* From harddisk copy of Knoppix, "Poor man's install"
* From full HD install of Knoppix, "Knoppix, Debian-style"

Running Knoppix from flash/USB media or from poor man's install to HD is very similar in all respects.
In both cases, it is a matter of 1) copying the KNOPPIX system files to the root directory of a partition and 2) finding a workable booting solution.
Persistent store is created as needed, and copied around together with the Knoppix system.

Except for speed differences, there is nothing you can do with a poor man's install that you can't do with properly formatted flash media, and with increasingly larger capacity flash media (16+ GB), the methods of setting them up and running from them may become similar to hard disk. Also, an external USB harddisk is a preferred way of backup and mobile data storage, and it may easily be set up for booting Knoppix, be several methods.

Knoppix is a "file system agnostic" Linux version. It can be run from different media, like
* FAT16/32 - typically used on flash media (like USB sticks, CF-, SD- and micro-SD cards), but also perfectly usable for hard disk partitions when there is no need for >4GB files.
* NTFS - used on hard disks and larger flash media
* Ext2/3/4 - native Linux file system, can be used anywhere (For Ext4 boot, a small adaptation is needed for Knoppix 6.4 and earlier.)
* ReiserFS, the preferred file system for full Linux HD installs
* ....

==== Overview of HD installs ====

Knoppix 6.X runs very well from harddisk by either install method. In poor man's install, the way of booting is virtualy identical to removable media, and I think it is also very similar in Knoppix 6.X full HD installs. The main differences are 1) that there is no persistent image union-mounted any more 2) all programs are uncompressed to a partition mounted read-write (rw).

Knoppix 6.X being very close to standard Debian re program packages, a full HD install resembles standard Debian even more. The structure of such an install is described in Debian documentation, and it is fully possible to convert a Debian install into a Knoppix version - a pure 64-bits version of Knoppix was created that way.

A basic install only relates to the root and swap partitions, but may easily be modified to include several partitions. Knoppix 6.X has a "passive" attitude towards volume (partition) mounting, in that nothing is auto-mounted. This can easily be modified, but for safety reasons, it may be good only to mount partitions when they are to be used.

The poor man's install is also in effect very close to standard Debian, uses the same packages, and may be modified for multi-user situations. Also, the union-file system mounting of the compressed and persistent image allows for exactly the same kind of file administration as in ordinary installs, and for hard disk use, one may easily expand the persistent image beyond the 4GB limit on FAT32.Furthermore, on newer processors, the decompression of programs upon running goes so fast that there is not much noticable difference running compressed or uncompressed. The large differences in this respect is with CD/DVDs, and to som extent with slow flash media. Even with external USB harddisks or fast external flash memory, there is, generally, little slowing down compared to full install after the system has been used for some hours.

When running full HD install with 0wn, booting is taken care of automatically, but it does not necessarily give the best setup for multi-booting. Poor man's installs done fully manually does nothing about booting, and booting could be handled separately, for optimal multi-boot setup. Poor man's installs don't need any booting modifications to be used, when not instructed otherwise, Knoppix will in fact search for them at bootup, and boot the first that is found.

====Full HD install====
Full install will create "Knoppix-style Debian", which some of us much prefer to the vanilla version.
=====0wn - the install program=====
This is performed by a program called 0wn (Zero Work Needed). It requires 1) a swap partition set up and 2) A ReiserFS install partition.
It can be installed to a prepared HD, or setup the HD itself. The safest use is to have everything prepared for 0wn in advance. Up to, and including, a bootloader (typically, legacy grub) which can easily be modified with more alternatives.

=====Planning for preparing partitions=====
First: Is the disk big enough? If not, the best starting point may be to swap it with a bigger one. Hard disks are cheap, with only a few cents pr GB and any problems due to disk size simply can't be defended economically any more. Today, 250GB should be considered a minimum, except for SSD disks. And you won't waste expensive space on SSD disks with full installs, will you? SSD installs should be PMI.

Second: You know your patitioning tools? gparted may be run during the install, but except for minor partition edits, it is really better to run it in advance. Unless Knoppix is surely the one and only system to install on the actual disk, it is normally optimal to allocate max 2-3x the system size for the system partition. So, starting from a compressed DVD image of 3.6GB, we will get ca 9GB when uncompressed, and we may quickly add a few GB of new programs. So, 20-30 GB is a good size for a Knoppix 6.X system partition. With lots of memory, swap space is not that important any longer, but it may be of use now and then, and 1-4GB isn't a bad choice. The old rule of swap=2xRAM isn't valid anymore. For example with 16GB RAM, we should need 32GB swap, and just reading that whole amount would take minutes on standard hard disks.

=====Planning for preparing packages on the to-install version=====
Know what package selection do you want on the new install? Then go ahead and install it on your flash/PMI Knoppix. It is the whole actual Knoppix at install time, not only the initial compressed image, that gets installed. Therefore, it may be an advantage to start with a USB or poor man's install with a large persistent store, and install as much of the desired programs as possible before doing the hard disk install. This way, the compressed version will serve as a simple system backup, so it is only userspace on the install that urgently needs to be backed up.

For general use it is, generally, not a good idea to start from CD/DVD media. Tweaking, upgrading, extra install work should be done on beforehand. A fresh remastering may be far better.

=====Counterindications for full HD install=====

Full HD install of 6.X is simple and relatively safe, but there are a few counterindications
* Actual version approaches end of expected lifetime. It is harder to upgrade a full install than a poor man's.
* Hardware problems on the actual computer. Only install when Knoppix runs with no grave hardware problems.
* Probable problems with setting up Linux booting on the computer. Poor man's install avoids such conflicts.
* The system is going to be copied to/run on other computers. Much easier to transfer poor man's installs.
* The computer is not going to be run with Knoppix on a daily basis. For occasional use, USB or poor man's installs are better.
* Poor man's runs OK,but persistent store is too small. Then grow it! 4GB is limit only on FAT32.
* Wants to run Knoppix faster and smoother. It's not going to help much. Try running 64-bits kernel, upgrading and restricting resource hog processes.
* Hard disk use needs full HD install. That's the worst miscomprehension.
* Want to boot Knoppix from HD. It's even easier with PMI.
* Want to be able to tweak settings. Most can be done with a persistent image.
* Want to be able to install programs. Second worst miscomprehension.

=====Indications for full HD install=====

Here are a few indications for full HD install
* Have used PMI for a while, got a stable system to install
* Will use Knoppix for servers
* Want to work less on a package basis, more occasional compiles etc.
* Development versions. E.g. pure 64-bits version
* Need to make some special adaptations, and the compressed image gets in the way.
* Needs better individual control over files in preparation of remastering
* Want to experiment with mixing elements of Debian, Knoppix and Ubuntu initalization.

=====Preparing partitions=====

* Use Windows tools to shrink Win partition, if necessary.
* Whenever possible, create a separate boot partition 0.2-6GB, and install legacy grub there.
* Create 1-4GB swap partition
* Create a 20-30GB system partition
* Create eventual other partitions for multi-booting. (Developing a 64-bits Knoppix, 4 different installs were used.)
* Need an exchange partition with Windows? Some GB FAT32-space could fix that.
* Possible leaving some space for future use, use the remaining space for a storage partition.

=====Preparing packages on the to-install version=====
If you lack some packages, go ahead and install them on your to-install version. Also removal of packages should be done now - they are of course not physically removed from compressed image, but they will not be copied over during install.
Check if you have optimal versions, or that some upgrades might be in place.
Don't postpone any work to after install, if you don't have to.

====Poor man's HD install====

This is, basically, just copying the KNOPPIX system files to an existing partition. Standard is to place them in the root directory of the partition, but elsewhere is also possible, using cheat codes.

This copying may be done from within the version to copy, by other Linux versions, or from Windows. It is possible, but hardly necessary, to set up scripts for it.

=====Install to NTFS partitions=====

Writing to NTFS is still (2011) inherently not quite safe, but reported problems are few with restricted use like in this case. Therefore, general backup measures should be adequate also for Knoppix use. If there is more than one partition to install to, it might be smart to avoid the system partition, as the data partition should be well backed up in any case,

* Beware of Boot directory on Windows!

Completely new HD based HowTo page

2011-07-13T16:32:40Z

Capricorny: More on preparing partitions and packages

=== HOWTO set up Knoppix to run from harddisk. Knoppix 6+ version ===

There are 5 basically different ways to run Knoppix 6.X

* Off the CD/DVD, the "classic", fall-back-to method
* Off the CD/DVD ISO image on disk
* From flash/USB media
* From harddisk copy of Knoppix, "Poor man's install"
* From full HD install of Knoppix, "Knoppix, Debian-style"

Running Knoppix from flash/USB media or from poor man's install to HD is very similar in all respects.
In both cases, it is a matter of 1) copying the KNOPPIX system files to the root directory of a partition and 2) finding a workable booting solution.
Persistent store is created as needed, and copied around together with the Knoppix system.

Except for speed differences, there is nothing you can do with a poor man's install that you can't do with properly formatted flash media, and with increasingly larger capacity flash media (16+ GB), the methods of setting them up and running from them may become similar to hard disk. Also, an external USB harddisk is a preferred way of backup and mobile data storage, and it may easily be set up for booting Knoppix, be several methods.

Knoppix is a "file system agnostic" Linux version. It can be run from different media, like
* FAT16/32 - typically used on flash media (like USB sticks, CF-, SD- and micro-SD cards), but also perfectly usable for hard disk partitions when there is no need for >4GB files.
* NTFS - used on hard disks and larger flash media
* Ext2/3/4 - native Linux file system, can be used anywhere (For Ext4 boot, a small adaptation is needed for Knoppix 6.4 and earlier.)
* ReiserFS, the preferred file system for full Linux HD installs
* ....

==== Overview of HD installs ====

Knoppix 6.X runs very well from harddisk by either install method. In poor man's install, the way of booting is virtualy identical to removable media, and I think it is also very similar in Knoppix 6.X full HD installs. The main differences are 1) that there is no persistent image union-mounted any more 2) all programs are uncompressed to a partition mounted read-write (rw).

Knoppix 6.X being very close to standard Debian re program packages, a full HD install resembles standard Debian even more. The structure of such an install is described in Debian documentation, and it is fully possible to convert a Debian install into a Knoppix version - a pure 64-bits version of Knoppix was created that way.

A basic install only relates to the root and swap partitions, but may easily be modified to include several partitions. Knoppix 6.X has a "passive" attitude towards volume (partition) mounting, in that nothing is auto-mounted. This can easily be modified, but for safety reasons, it may be good only to mount partitions when they are to be used.

The poor man's install is also in effect very close to standard Debian, uses the same packages, and may be modified for multi-user situations. Also, the union-file system mounting of the compressed and persistent image allows for exactly the same kind of file administration as in ordinary installs, and for hard disk use, one may easily expand the persistent image beyond the 4GB limit on FAT32.Furthermore, on newer processors, the decompression of programs upon running goes so fast that there is not much noticable difference running compressed or uncompressed. The large differences in this respect is with CD/DVDs, and to som extent with slow flash media. Even with external USB harddisks or fast external flash memory, there is, generally, little slowing down compared to full install after the system has been used for some hours.

When running full HD install with 0wn, booting is taken care of automatically, but it does not necessarily give the best setup for multi-booting. Poor man's installs done fully manually does nothing about booting, and booting could be handled separately, for optimal multi-boot setup. Poor man's installs don't need any booting modifications to be used, when not instructed otherwise, Knoppix will in fact search for them at bootup, and boot the first that is found.

=====Full HD install=====
Full install will create "Knoppix-style Debian", which some of us much prefer to the vanilla version.
======0wn - the install program======
This is performed by a program called 0wn (Zero Work Needed). It requires 1) a swap partition set up and 2) A ReiserFS install partition.
It can be installed to a prepared HD, or setup the HD itself. The safest use is to have everything prepared for 0wn in advance. Up to, and including, a bootloader (typically, legacy grub) which can easily be modified with more alternatives.

======Planning for preparing partitions======
First: Is the disk big enough? If not, the best starting point may be to swap it with a bigger one. Hard disks are cheap, with only a few cents pr GB and any problems due to disk size simply can't be defended economically any more. Today, 250GB should be considered a minimum, except for SSD disks. And you won't waste expensive space on SSD disks with full installs, will you? SSD installs should be PMI.

Second: You know your patitioning tools? gparted may be run during the install, but except for minor partition edits, it is really better to run it in advance. Unless Knoppix is surely the one and only system to install on the actual disk, it is normally optimal to allocate max 2-3x the system size for the system partition. So, starting from a compressed DVD image of 3.6GB, we will get ca 9GB when uncompressed, and we may quickly add a few GB of new programs. So, 20-30 GB is a good size for a Knoppix 6.X system partition. With lots of memory, swap space is not that important any longer, but it may be of use now and then, and 1-4GB isn't a bad choice. The old rule of swap=2xRAM isn't valid anymore. For example with 16GB RAM, we should need 32GB swap, and just reading that whole amount would take minutes on standard hard disks.

======Planning for preparing packages on the to-install version======
Know what package selection do you want on the new install? Then go ahead and install it on your flash/PMI Knoppix. It is the whole actual Knoppix at install time, not only the initial compressed image, that gets installed. Therefore, it may be an advantage to start with a USB or poor man's install with a large persistent store, and install as much of the desired programs as possible before doing the hard disk install. This way, the compressed version will serve as a simple system backup, so it is only userspace on the install that urgently needs to be backed up.

For general use it is, generally, not a good idea to start from CD/DVD media. Tweaking, upgrading, extra install work should be done on beforehand. A fresh remastering may be far better.

======Counterindications for full HD install======

Full HD install of 6.X is simple and relatively safe, but there are a few counterindications
* Actual version approaches end of expected lifetime. It is harder to upgrade a full install than a poor man's.
* Hardware problems on the actual computer. Only install when Knoppix runs with no grave hardware problems.
* Probable problems with setting up Linux booting on the computer. Poor man's install avoids such conflicts.
* The system is going to be copied to/run on other computers. Much easier to transfer poor man's installs.
* The computer is not going to be run with Knoppix on a daily basis. For occasional use, USB or poor man's installs are better.
* Poor man's runs OK,but persistent store is too small. Then grow it! 4GB is limit only on FAT32.
* Wants to run Knoppix faster and smoother. It's not going to help much. Try running 64-bits kernel, upgrading and restricting resource hog processes.
* Hard disk use needs full HD install. That's the worst miscomprehension.
* Want to boot Knoppix from HD. It's even easier with PMI.
* Want to be able to tweak settings. Most can be done with a persistent image.
* Want to be able to install programs. Second worst miscomprehension.

======Indications for full HD install======

Here are a few indications for full HD install
* Have used PMI for a while, got a stable system to install
* Will use Knoppix for servers
* Want to work less on a package basis, more occasional compiles etc.
* Development versions. E.g. pure 64-bits version
* Need to make some special adaptations, and the compressed image gets in the way.
* Needs better individual control over files in preparation of remastering
* Want to experiment with mixing elements of Debian, Knoppix and Ubuntu initalization.

======Preparing partitions======

* Use Windows tools to shrink Win partition, if necessary.
* Whenever possible, create a separate boot partition 0.2-6GB, and install legacy grub there.
* Create 1-4GB swap partition
* Create a 20-30GB system partition
* Create eventual other partitions for multi-booting. (Developing a 64-bits Knoppix, 4 different installs were used.)
* Need an exchange partition with Windows? Some GB FAT32-space could fix that.
* Possible leaving some space for future use, use the remaining space for a storage partition.
======Preparing packages on the to-install version======
If you lack some packages, go ahead and install them on your to-install version. Also removal of packages should be done now - they are of course not physically removed from compressed image, but they will not be copied over during install.
Check if you have optimal versions, or that some upgrades might be in place.
Don't postpone any work to after install, if you don't have to.

=====Poor man's HD install=====

This is, basically, just copying the KNOPPIX system files to an existing partition. Standard is to place them in the root directory of the partition, but elsewhere is also possible, using cheat codes.

Completely new HD based HowTo page

2011-07-13T15:35:34Z

Capricorny: Added (counter)indications for full HD install

=== HOWTO set up Knoppix to run from harddisk. Knoppix 6+ version ===

There are 5 basically different ways to run Knoppix 6.X

* Off the CD/DVD, the "classic", fall-back-to method
* Off the CD/DVD ISO image on disk
* From flash/USB media
* From harddisk copy of Knoppix, "Poor man's install"
* From full HD install of Knoppix, "Knoppix, Debian-style"

Running Knoppix from flash/USB media or from poor man's install to HD is very similar in all respects.
In both cases, it is a matter of 1) copying the KNOPPIX system files to the root directory of a partition and 2) finding a workable booting solution.
Persistent store is created as needed, and copied around together with the Knoppix system.

Except for speed differences, there is nothing you can do with a poor man's install that you can't do with properly formatted flash media, and with increasingly larger capacity flash media (16+ GB), the methods of setting them up and running from them may become similar to hard disk. Also, an external USB harddisk is a preferred way of backup and mobile data storage, and it may easily be set up for booting Knoppix, be several methods.

Knoppix is a "file system agnostic" Linux version. It can be run from different media, like
* FAT16/32 - typically used on flash media (like USB sticks, CF-, SD- and micro-SD cards), but also perfectly usable for hard disk partitions when there is no need for >4GB files.
* NTFS - used on hard disks and larger flash media
* Ext2/3/4 - native Linux file system, can be used anywhere (For Ext4 boot, a small adaptation is needed for Knoppix 6.4 and earlier.)
* ReiserFS, the preferred file system for full Linux HD installs
* ....

==== Overview of HD installs ====

Knoppix 6.X runs very well from harddisk by either install method. In poor man's install, the way of booting is virtualy identical to removable media, and I think it is also very similar in Knoppix 6.X full HD installs. The main differences are 1) that there is no persistent image union-mounted any more 2) all programs are uncompressed to a partition mounted read-write (rw).

Knoppix 6.X being very close to standard Debian re program packages, a full HD install resembles standard Debian even more. The structure of such an install is described in Debian documentation, and it is fully possible to convert a Debian install into a Knoppix version - a pure 64-bits version of Knoppix was created that way.

A basic install only relates to the root and swap partitions, but may easily be modified to include several partitions. Knoppix 6.X has a "passive" attitude towards volume (partition) mounting, in that nothing is auto-mounted. This can easily be modified, but for safety reasons, it may be good only to mount partitions when they are to be used.

The poor man's install is also in effect very close to standard Debian, uses the same packages, and may be modified for multi-user situations. Also, the union-file system mounting of the compressed and persistent image allows for exactly the same kind of file administration as in ordinary installs, and for hard disk use, one may easily expand the persistent image beyond the 4GB limit on FAT32.Furthermore, on newer processors, the decompression of programs upon running goes so fast that there is not much noticable difference running compressed or uncompressed. The large differences in this respect is with CD/DVDs, and to som extent with slow flash media. Even with external USB harddisks or fast external flash memory, there is, generally, little slowing down compared to full install after the system has been used for some hours.

When running full HD install with 0wn, booting is taken care of automatically, but it does not necessarily give the best setup for multi-booting. Poor man's installs done fully manually does nothing about booting, and booting could be handled separately, for optimal multi-boot setup. Poor man's installs don't need any booting modifications to be used, when not instructed otherwise, Knoppix will in fact search for them at bootup, and boot the first that is found.

=====Full HD install=====

This is performed by a program called 0wn (Zero Work Needed). It requires 1) a swap partition set up and 2) A ReiserFS install partition.
It can be installed to a prepared HD, or setup the HD itself. The safest use is to have everything prepared for 0wn in advance. Up to, and including, a bootloader (typically, legacy grub) which can easily be modified with more alternatives.

gparted may be run during the install, but except for minor partition edits, it is really better to run it in advance. Unless Knoppix is surely the one and only system to install on the actual disk, it is normally optimal to allocate max 2-3x the system size for the system partition. So, starting from a compressed DVD image of 3.6GB, we will get ca 9GB when uncompressed, and we may quickly add a few GB of new programs. So, 20-30 GB is a good size for a Knoppix 6.X system partition. With lots of memory, swap space is not that important any longer, but it may be of use now and then, and 1-4GB isn't a bad choice. The old rule of swap=2xRAM isn't valid anymore. For example with 16GB RAM, we should need 32GB swap, and just reading that whole amount would take minutes on standard hard disks.

It is the whole actual Knoppix at install time, not only the initial compressed image, that gets installed. Therefore, it may be an advantage to start with a USB or poor man's install with a large persistent store, and install as much of the desired programs as possible before doing the hard disk install. This way, the compressed version will serve as a simple system backup, so it is only userspace on the install that urgently needs to be backed up.

======Counterindications for full HD install======

Full HD install of 6.X is simple and relatively safe, but there are a few contraindications
* Actual version approaches end of expected lifetime. It is harder to upgrade a full install than a poor man's.
* Hardware problems on the actual computer. Only install when Knoppix runs with no grave hardware problems.
* Probable problems with setting up Linux booting on the computer. Poor man's install avoids such conflicts.
* The system is going to be copied to/run on other computers. Much easier to transfer poor man's installs.
* The computer is not going to be run with Knoppix on a daily basis. For occasional use, USB or poor man's installs are better.
* Poor man's runs OK,but persistent store is too small. Then grow it! 4GB is limit only on FAT32.
* Wants to run Knoppix faster and smoother. It's not going to help much. Try running 64-bits kernel, upgrading and restricting resource hog processes.
* Hard disk use needs full HD install. That's the worst miscomprehension.
* Want to boot Knoppix from HD. It's even easier with PMI.
* Want to be able to tweak settings. Most can be done with a persistent image.
* Want to be able to install programs. Second worst miscomprehension.

======Indications for full HD install======

=====Poor man's HD install=====

This is, basically, just copying the KNOPPIX system files to an existing partition. Standard is to place them in the root directory of the partition, but elsewhere is also possible, using cheat codes.

Completely new HD based HowTo page

2011-07-13T14:13:43Z

Capricorny: Adding overview material

Completely new HD based HowTo page

2011-07-13T13:04:25Z

Capricorny: New page: === HOWTO set up Knoppix to run from harddisk. Knoppix 6+ version === There are 5 basically different ways to run Knoppix 6.X * Off the CD/DVD, the "classic", fall-back-to method * Off...

Hd Based HowTo

2011-07-13T12:09:15Z

Capricorny: Suggesting a new HowTo page

liacoulas
=== HOWTO copy the Knoppix file to harddisk and Boot it. ===

As this page has become very long and convoluted, a [[completely new HD based HowTo page]] is suggested.

The option of running Knoppix from a copy of the compressed file system has been around for years. Contributors have suggested numerous methods for accomplishing this, and it is frequently called a "poor man's" install. Despite the pejorative nature of this name, it can be extremely powerful in its function.

Recently, Knoppix has undergone some changes, and some of the older methods for accomplishing this are outdated and no longer work with newer versions of Knoppix. On the other hand, some of the newer methods do not work with older versions, so the older methods need to remain as a resource for those using older versions of Knoppix. Be aware of this, and choose an installation method adapted to the version you are using.

Listed below are some other viable methods of running Knoppix from a HD copy of the CD filesystem. Some are for previous versions of Knoppix, some use bootloaders, and some rely on the creation of bootable devices, and some appear to be scrambled remnants left over from previous versions of the WIKI. Use whatever works best for you, and I hope that the previous authors will edit their own contributions and forgive me for not sorting out what has become a jumble of alternative methods.(JD)

----

See also: [[Pivot Root Install]] (HD install to a non-bootable partition) and [[Poor Mans Install]] (copy the CD contents to the hard drive to free up your CD drive).

----

==== Pros: ====
* The CDROM drive can be used for other things
* It can be done without repartitioning (on FAT16/32 and Linux partitions)
* It only uses ~700MB, compared to 2.3GB for the real installation

''But...''

Knoppix will run as if it were from a physical CD, so you cannot install anything, unless you do a 'normal' install. Everytime you boot, the hardware will recognised new, so you can use this harddisk ''like'' a CD and plug it into new PCs. This is handy for preinstalling Knoppix on PCs/Laptops without CD-ROM.

This is different from [[Hd Based HowTo]] and [[Install FAQ]], in the way that Install FAQ describes how to install Knoppix so it will run on a (single) PC like a normal GNU/Linux installation. If you want to install software, you should consider a [http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Hd_Install_HowTo real harddisk install].

'''Note:''' The compressed filesystem is NOT the ISO(!), it is a 700MB '''file named KNOPPIX''' within the ISO.

=== WARNING, YOU SHOULD KNOW WHAT YOU'RE DOING !!! ===
'''IF YOU ARE NOT EXPERIENCED WITH GNU/LINUX and LILO'''
: THIS HOWTO IS NOT FOR YOU !!!

Please ask a friend, experienced with GNU/LINUX,
or use KNOPPIX only from CD-ROM

Backups, Learning/Reading and talking with friends are
always good ideas before trying new things.
Like KNOPPIX itself, these ideas are to use on your own risk.

(Is this really necesary you can do this easily without hurting the system)

Okay, now you have read the warnings we can proceed with the real thing :-)
----

=== To run Knoppix from HD as it were from CD you can choose to: ===
** Run Knoppix, copy it to HD & make the hd-copy bootable with a '''bootfloppy'''
** Run Knoppix, copy it to HD & make the hd-copy bootable with '''LILO on HD'''
** Run GNU/Linux, copy Knoppix to HD and '''configure LILO'''
** Run Microsoft Windows, copy Knoppix to HD & make it bootable with a '''bootfloppy'''
** Run Microsoft Windows, copy Knoppix to HD & boot with loadlin
* Boot the Knoppix '''ISO''' directly
* Boot with [[PXE FAQ|PXE]] via network
* Boot from smartdisk, usb-stick, ROM....

NOTE ::: Many of these methods refer to versions of Knoppix Prior to 3.4 .... If you'd like a simple , safe and well-tested 'Poor-man's' install for 3.4 (_1.5. above ) go here ...[[Poor Mans Install]]

=== 1.1. Run Knoppix, copy it to HD & make the hd-copy bootable with ''bootfloppy'' ===

I believe this has been deprecated by the [[Cheat Codes|cheatcode]] '''tohd''', which copies the 700MB iso to the ext/FAT partition of your choice. Create a Knoppix boot floppy or boot from the CD and use fromhd to boot from the HD (then eject the floppy/CD). I just tested this and it works, but please delete this entry if I'm full of it :-)

* Boot from a Knoppix CD (whatever version you already have).

* Create a linux partition (see [[Partition Managers]]) large enough to hold at least 2 ISO images (at least 1.5GB). Let's call this ''/dev/hdXX''.

* Format this linux partition as an ext2 or ext3 filesystem.
**'''mkfs -t ext2 /dev/hd''XX'''''
* Mount this linux partition
**'''mkdir -p /mnt/staging && mount /dev/hd''XX'' /mnt/staging'''
* Download a new Knoppix ISO image and md5 checksum (whatever version you want to test) into /mnt/staging. Let's call it ''Knoppix-new.iso''

* Use md5sum to check whether the ISO image is fine.
**'''md5sum -c ''Knoppix-new.iso''.md5'''
* Mount this ISO image using loopback
**'''mkdir -p /mnt/newknoppix
**'''mount -t iso9660 -o loop,ro /mnt/staging/''Knoppix-new.iso'' /mnt/newknoppix
* Copy the contents of the ISO to /mnt/staging
**'''cd /mnt/newknoppix
**'''cp -a * /mnt/staging
* Create a boot floppy using the boot.img from the downloaded Knoppix-new.iso
**'''dd if=/mnt/newknoppix/KNOPPIX/boot.img of=/dev/fd0

Assuming everything went fine so far, we are ready to boot from the floppy. There should be no other filesystem on the machine with a valid KNOPPIX directory that come earlier in the search order.

* Make sure to sync and unmount all filesystems mounted rw.
**'''sync
**'''umount /mnt/newknoppix/
**'''umount /mnt/staging/
* Reboot leaving the floppy in the drive.
**'''shutdown -r now'''
* Make sure the BIOS boots from the floppy drive.

As it boots the KNOPPIX directory should be discovered and booted into a full fledged Knoppix system as though running from CD. If it fails you will be thrown into a small recovery shell. If this happens, revisit the earlier steps, read the man pages for all the commands, fix any errors, come back and update this procedure.

I hope this is useful to you.

Comment: If the above doesn't work, perhaps you need to make a directory KNOPPIX on you partition and then copy the file also called KNOPPIX (which is about 690MB) into this directory. This worked for me with Knoppix 3.2

----

=== 1.2. Run Knoppix, copy it to HD & make the hd-copy bootable with ''LILO on HD'' ===

=== 1.2.1. Knoppix 3.4 version only ===
''(rd) Because I couldn't find the info anywhere, I tried myself and succeeded in making a dual boot win98/knoppix3.4 with lilo and a persistent homedir. Here are the steps I took:''
==== Procedure: ====
* Partition the harddisk to make room for knoppix:
** ext2 partition /dev/hda6 used to boot the kernel with lilo (10 Meg) ''(Note: I put the files lilo needs on the same partition as the Knoppix image, as I saw no reason to have a dedicated partition for them. - pestie)''
** ext2 partition /dev/hda7 for the knoppix image (I used 1000 Meg, but 800 Meg should be enough) ''(Note: for some reason 800Mb wasn't quite enough for me; I used 900Mb. - jansi)''
** swap partition /dev/hda8 (I used 256 Meg, but depends on your physical RAM)
** ext2 partition /dev/hda9 for the persistent home (any value you can spare)
* Boot the knoppix cd with the cheatcode "tohd=/dev/hda7". This will copy the knoppix image to disk.
* Reboot the knoppix cd with the cheatcode "fromhd=/dev/hda7" and check if it runs without the cd.
* Make the persistent homedir via the knoppix menu (penguin icon->configuration->make persistent dir).
* Do not save your KNOPPIX configuration via the menu, all changes to the environment will be saved automatically because of the persistent home.
* Copy the files from /boot to /mnt/hda6. Also copy the file "/mnt/cdrom/boot/isolinux/minirt24.gz" from the cd to /mnt/hda6.
* Copy /etc/lilo.conf to /mnt/hda6 and make the following boot entries (do not forget to uncomment the line with "prompt", or else the lilo boot menu will not appear):

image=/mnt/hda6/vmlinuz
initrd=/mnt/hda6/minirt24.gz
append="fromhd=/dev/hda7 home=/dev/hda9 apm=power-off lang=nl \
hda=scsi hdb=scsi hdc=scsi hdd=scsi hde=scsi hdf=scsi \
hdg=scsi hdh=scsi"
root=/dev/hda7
label=Knoppix
read-write

other=/dev/hda1
label=Windows98

* Mount the /mnt/hda6 partition temporary as /boot so lilo writes its map-file to the right place (sudo mount /dev/hda6 /boot)
* Let lilo write the boot loader to the master boot record (sudo lilo -C /mnt/hda6/lilo.conf)
* Remove the knoppix cd-rom and reboot. Now lilo will show you the menu and you can choose between win98 and knoppix.
* That's it. Enjoy.

''Note (jansi): These instructions would also work with Knoppix 3.7 except for lilo giving "device-mapper" errors. To work around this, I simply booted from a Knoppix 3.4 CD after finishing the above instructions, then entered these commands:''
sudo mount /dev/hda6 /mnt/hda6
sudo mount /dev/hda6 /boot
sudo lilo -C /mnt/hda6/lilo.conf

''Note (pestie): The device mapper errors occur because the dm_mod module isn't loaded at boot in 3.7+. Just do this before running lilo:''
sudo modprobe dm_mod
''Ignore any warnings about /proc/partitions not matching /dev, etc. They're purely informational, and lilo will still work fine.''

=== 1.2.2. Knoppix <= 3.3 version ===
'''Note:''' ''the short and detailed version seem to be different''... uhm?

''(rhk) I'm trying to do this, without success so far. I'll put some notes (in italics) at the place(s) where I have questions (maybe only one place at first. For information, I am trying to install Knoppix 3.1.''

LILO can't boot ISO files, so it is neccessary to copy the Knoppix ISO content to hd. Also copy the content of boot.image to /boot. Because the Knoppix-boot-skript is not used, read about the [[Cheat Codes]] and add the one you need to your lilo.conf under append="..."

To learn more about Lilo, read the LILO-mini-HOWTO (dead link).

==== In short: ====
* Boot Knoppix by CD-ROM
* You need a partition with >700 MB free space (vfat, ext2 or ext3) in this example ''/dev/hda3''
* Open a root-shell ('''sudo bash''')
**'''mount /cdrom
**'''mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/hda3
**'''cp -R /cdrom/ /mnt/hda3/
**'''mkdir /mnt/floppy-loop
**'''mkdir /mnt/hda3/boot/
**'''cp /boot/System.map /mnt/hda3/boot/
**'''mount /cdrom/KNOPPIX/boot-en.img /mnt/floppy-loop -o loop -t vfat
**'''cp /mnt/floppy-loop/* /mnt/hda3/boot
**'''cp /etc/lilo.conf /mnt/hda3/boot
**'''vi /mnt/hda3/boot/lilo.conf
**'''ln -sf /mnt/hda3/boot/ />
**'''lilo -C /mnt/hda3/boot/lilo.conf''' (or '''lilo -C /boot/lilo.conf)
* Reboot without CD-ROM

Sorry people. Distro 3.4 has a different folders' structure, e.g. I couldn't locate the boot-en.img (I assume you mean /cdrom/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX). Anyway
I had problems with this instruction

mount /cdrom/KNOPPIX/boot-en.img /mnt/floppy-loop -o loop -t vfat
It says:

"/dev/loop0 damaged or fs not supported" ... really really strange. Could someone please update the info on this page? I mean info to copy knop image on hd and boot it by means of lilo?
Thanks a lot!

==== With comments, step by step: ====
*Boot Knoppix from CD-ROM
*You need a partition with >700 MB free space (vfat, ext2 or ext3) for example ''/dev/hda3'', but choose a partition you like. This partition must not contain these files and directories on root-level: autorun.bat, ''boot'', ''index.html'', knoppix.ico, Talks, autorun.inf, Demos, ''KNOPPIX''. To be on save side, use an one empty partiton ;)
**'''mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/hda3
**'''cp -R /dev/cdrom /mnt/hda3
**'''mkdir /mnt/floppy-loop
**'''mount /cdrom/KNOPPIX/boot-en.img /mnt/floppy-loop -o loop -t vfat_
*The directory /mnt/floppy will used as mountpoint, "-o loop" allows to mount a file as device.
**'''mkdir /mnt/hda3/boot/
**'''cp /mnt/floppy-loop/* /mnt/hda3/boot_
*There are only 2 files needed "miniroot.gz" & "vmlinuz"
**'''cp /etc/lilo.conf /mnt/hda3/boot
*To configure lilo is lilo.conf needed. Take /etc/lilo.conf as example.
**'''vi /mnt/hda3/boot/lilo.conf
/etc/lilo.conf - See: `lilo(8)' and `lilo.conf(5)'
lba32<
boot=/dev/hda #This hd will use lilo to write into the MBR
delay=200 #Time in ms to chooce the lilo-menue
timeout=200 #Time in ms to choose with lilo-menue
vga=0 #You can choose other modis here

default=Knoppix #The default boot-profile #Start of boot-profile 1

image=/boot/KNOPPIX-3.1-DE/vmlinuz # The kernel

append="lang=de ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off \
hda=scsi hdb=scsi hdc=scsi hdd=scsi hde=scsi hdf=scsi hdg=scsi hdh=scsi \
vga=791 initrd=KNOPPIX-3.10-DE/miniroot.gz nomce quiet \
BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix" #add initrd path to miniroot.gz
''(rhk) I changed my append line to look like the above, but I get a bunch of errors when I try to run lilo, including things like KNOPPIX-3.1 not found. Maybe the errors are all due to the problem with the cp -R command, but I probably need some more explanation of what needs to be changed in lilo.conf.''

label="Knoppix"# label of your profil
root=/dev/hda3 # partiton where lilo can found the directory /boot
read-only
initrd=/boot/KNOPPIX-3.1-DE/miniroot.gz
* LILO has to write to /boot/map. Because the CD-ROM is read-only this will fail. Link the new /mnt/hda3/boot/ directory over /boot. But be aware to use full pathnames and use only "/" as linkname.
**'''ln -sf /mnt/hda3/boot/ /
**'''lilo -C /mnt/hda3/boot/lilo.conf

*LILO should say what's added. If you have an error here, check the steps before. (alternative you can use '''lilo -C /boot/lilo.conf''')
*Reboot without CD-ROM

=== Two things we still need to solve: ===
- read/write access to the partition we are booting knoppix from
- save Knoppix.config on the HD and boot with it

''(rhk) Below, Henk Poley asks if this German section is still required -- I think it is, although English would be better. I'm not sure I understand the questions -- do we want read/write access to the partition we are booting knoppix from? Is that in order to store data files and install other programs? I haven't read all the other FAQs yet, but it seems there are FAQs on putting your /home directory on the hard drive, and booting with something like Knoppix.sh for "persistent options" -- maybe those solve the problems?''

Ideas how to do this:

; probono am 10.02.2003 : Ich habe den Ordner KNOPPIX mit dem 700 MB File knoppix auf eine
ext3-Partition (bei mir hda2) kopiert und ein bereits vorhandenes LILO
so konfiguriert, dass Knoppix von HD gebootet wird.

Desweiteren habe ich in meiner knoppix.sh stehen: 
'''mount /dev/hda2 /cdrom -o remount,rw'''

Jetzt habe ich von Knoppix heraus auch Schreibzugriff auf die ext3-Partition!

Idee: Ich hatte zufaellig schon eine bestehende LILO-Installation.
Koennte man aber nicht auf diese Weise Knoppix "from scratch" auf eine
leere HD aufspielen: 1. ext3 formatieren 2. Knoppix komprimiert
draufkopieren 3. LILO von Knoppix aus einrichten 4. remount,rw in die
knoppix.sh schreiben 5. /home/knoppix abaendern, so dass es auf
die HD zeigt ---> fertig! Was denkt ihr?

pr0ct0man 10.02.2003
Klingt eigentlich recht logisch, probono...
Let's try it !

Ich probier jetzt erstmal dein ''mount /dev/hda5/cdrom -o remount,rw'' in der knoppix.sh

Wo hast Du das eingetragen ? Meine sieht wie folgt aus: #!/bin/sh 
[[[ "`id -u`" = "0" ]]] || { echo "You need root privileges to modify the system!" >&2 ; exit 1; } 
[[[ -d "$1" ]]] && CONFIGS="$1/configs.tbz" 
[[[ -f "$CONFIGS" ]]] || CONFIGS="/cdrom/KNOPPIX/configs.tbz" 
[[[ -f "$CONFIGS" ]]] || CONFIGS="/mnt/floppy/configs.tbz" 
if [[[ -f "$CONFIGS" ]]]; then 
echo " [1mExtracting config archive $CONFIGS... [0m" 
tar -jpPtf "$CONFIGS" | while read i; do rm -f "$i"; done 
tar -jpPxf "$CONFIGS" ; chown -R knoppix.knoppix /home/knoppix 
fi

GrÃ¼sse, pr0ct0man

''Nirro, 19/2/04 :''
''Anyone can translate that to english please ? 
I'm facing the same problem - I can't mount /dev/hda1 after booting
knoppix from this partition.'' 
''by the way I succeded to do something new and cool, I think, using
the topologilinux grub bootloader, details - soon.'' 
''Update - I added to knoppix.sh the line : '''mount -o remount,rw /cdrom''''' 
''Now I can mount hda1, but only root have a write permission to it. any solutions ?''

Alternatively, you can boot Knoppix into a partition other than the default. This is very useful if you want to test your Knoppix hack and don't have a floppy (!!). It worked for me:

*boot your Knoppix from cd-rom;

*as root, mount a partition, i.e. /dev/hda3 under /mnt/hda3

**'''knoppix$ sudo su; mount -o rw /dev/hda3 /mnt/hda3

**'''cp -Rp /KNOPPIX /mnt/hda3

*logout and reboot normally

*mount /dev/hda3 under /mnt/hda3

**'''cp /mnt/hda3/KNOPPIX/boot /mnt/hda3

**'''cd /mnt/hda3; mkdir home; cd home; mkdir knoppix; chown knoppix.knoppix knoppix;

*make a symbolic link for every dir from /mnt/hda3/KNOPPIX to /mnt/hda3 except home, i.e. ln -s KNOPPIX/etc .

*copy the vmlinuz file into your /boot;

**/mnt/hda3# '''ln -s boot/vmlinuz .

*modify your lilo.conf in order to boot from hda3, I suggest :

image=/boot/knoppix
label="knoppix"
root=/dev/hda3
vga=788
read-only

I had to chroot in to the new environment in order to run lilo after editing /mnt/hda3/etc/lilo.conf -
knoppix$ sudo su; chroot /mnt/hda3; mount -o proc /proc proc ''

*As root in chroot, run:

**'''lilo -C /etc/lilo.conf

*reboot!!!

As a side effect, you have a persistent home for user knoopix in order to configure your environment and put the confs into /etc/skel ;-)

hope this help, every questions to maX (coccolesto@inwind.it)

=== 1.3. Run GNU/Linux, copy Knoppix to HD and ''configure lilo'' ===

==== 1.3.1 Follow the steps outlined in 1.1 to copy knoppix to HD ====

The first example assumes the KNOPPIX CD has been installed to HD using ''tohd=/dev/hda6'' cheat code. Replace /dev/hda6 with the partition you used.

With version 3.7 it appears to be possible to run knoppix directly from an iso placed on a hard disk by using specific cheat codes. This would require one to change ''fromhd=/dev/hda6''from append to those specific cheat codes but otherwise the following procedure should remain the same.

==== 1.3.2 Configure lilo to load knoppix from HD ====

===== Verified for version 3.7 with kernel 2.6.9 : =====

* Boot to a GNU/Linux system with lilo and a kernel with loop device enabled.

* Make a copy of kernel and initial root system
mkdir /mnt/knoppix-iso
mount -o loop /path/to/your/knoppix-cd.iso /mnt/knoppix-iso
mkdir /boot/knoppix
cd /mnt/knoppix-iso/boot/isolinux/
cp linux26 minirt26.gz /boot/knoppix/
* Add following to lilo.conf:
image=/boot/knoppix/linux26
initrd=/boot/knoppix/minirt26.gz
label=Knoppix_HD
append="ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init fromhd=/dev/hda6"
* Rerun lilo

===== Verified for version 3.2 : =====

* Boot your original GNU/Linux, mount a bootable Knoppix floppy, created in the paragraph 1.1:
mount /floppy

* Then create a KNOPPIX directory and copy a knoppix floppy image over there:
mkdir /boot/KNOPPIX3.2
cp /floppy/* /boot/KNOPPIX3.2/
* Add the following to the /etc/lilo.conf:
image=/boot/KNOPPIX3.2/vmlinuz
append="ramdisk_size=100000\
init=/etc/init initrd=KNOPPIX3.2/miniroot.gz BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix"
root=/dev/hda3
read-only
initrd=/boot/KNOPPIX3.2/miniroot.gz
label="knoppix"

* Run "lilo" and reboot.

=== 1.4. Run Microsoft Windows, copy Knoppix to HD & make it bootable with ''bootmedia'' ===

Also called "poormans install" ;-)

NOTE: The partition (i.e. drive) that you are copying to (the D partition in the example below) must be a fat32 partition. If it is NTFS, the install will not boot.

*Copy the ''CD'':\KNOPPIX\KNOPPIX file to ''HD'':\KNOPPIX\
**'''E:\KNOPPIX\>mkdir D:\KNOPPIX
*'''E:\KNOPPIX\>copy KNOPPIX D:\KNOPPIX\
1 files(s) copied
*Make the bootfloppy. Start "mkfloppy.bat" on the CD in the KNOPPIX folder.
**'''E:\KNOPPIX\>mkfloppy
*Boot from the floppy or the [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/keydrive USB keydrive] You need a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS BIOS] that can boot from Floppy (all) or from keydrive (USB-ZIP option). It should scan for the KNOPPIX file and find it on the harddisk.
*Enjoy

=== 1.5 Run Microsoft Windows 98 or 95, copy Knoppix to HD & boot with loadlin ===

*Open ISO with [[http://www.winimage.com/winima61.exe Win Image]] Extract extract the directory ''ISO:''\KNOPPIX\ to C:\ (The C:\KNOPPIX\KNOPPIX file should be ~700MB)
*Open the C:\KNOPPIX\boot.img with {tools {Win Image}} and extract ''vmlinuz'' and ''miniroot.img'' to C:\KNOPPIX\Loadlin (you will need to create this directory)
*Download [tools loadling 1.6c] or later to C:\KNOPPIX}\Loadlin\ (remmember to extract it)
*now reboot to DOS, you can do this by pressing F8 while rebooting the computer.
*Change directory to the loadlin dir: "CD KNOPPIX\loadlin"
*Execute loadlin "loadlin.exe vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1 lang=en ro"

Now Knoppix should boot..

=== 1.5.1 Loadlin with Win9x/Dos ===

This page need organizing and some translation cleanup.
There is another possibility for people who don't have a floppy or CD-ROM drive, don't want to or can't mess with lilo, and only have dos or win95/98 with the knoppix iso extracted on to any hard drive partion. Loadlin (dead link) (be sure you have 1.6c!! 1.6 has lots of issues with many recent kernels). It is a simple program to load the linux kernel into memory. It's sort of mentioned above:

Extract loadlin.exe from that zip and extract the kernel from the KNOPPIX/boot.img file with software like [[http://www.winimage.com/winima61.exe Win Image]] (download installer)]] then move both the miniroot.gz and vmlinuz files into for instance c:/img. Boot to dos.
C:> cd img 
C:> loadlin.exe vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1 initrd=miniroot.gz lang=en ro 
And with any luck Knoppix will load fine, like normal.

=== 1.5.1.1 [[Load Lin]] in spanish ===
Loadlin.exe vmlinuz initrd=miniroot.gz lang=es ro

*Feedback:
**I've tried this loadlin option and it almost worked. Knoppix booted but when it got to start the Xfree graphical desktop it said something like that it can not find a module for my graphic card. Booting from the CD works fine.
**It is possible to simplify the method 1.3, to avoid using a floppy.

*Here is how I did it :
*instead of creating a floppy with dd and then to copy its content, just mount the boot.img file :
**'''mkdir mnt2 /boot/KNOPPIX3.2
**'''*mount /mnt/newknoppix/KNOPPIX/boot.img mnt2 -o loop
**'''cp mnt2/ /boot/KNOPPIX3.2/
*[[Yann Cochard]]

----

=== 1.6 Dual booting [[Poor Mans Install]] with Windows using Grub on HD ===

The following steps have been used with several types of Windows installations to make them dual-bootable with a KNOPPIX [[Poor Mans Install]], including Win2k and WinXP on NTFS, and Win98 and WinME on FAT32. These instructions assume that your hard drive is setup as one big partition with Windows already installed.

Be aware that GRUB (like LILO) will be erase whatever you currently have installed on your hard drive's MBR, so if you are afraid of losing whatever is on there now, you might want to back-up the MBR (google "dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1"), and anything else in your Windows installation you can't live without.

'''Procedure'''

The biggest job is shrinking the size of the Windows partition (hda1) in order to make room for the two new partitions that KNOPPIX will need.

These are the guidelines used for setting up the partitions:

*'''hda1''' -- format: FAT32 or NTFS, Size: Big. This holds the entire pre-existing WinXX installation, and will be shrunk at least 1.2 gig to hold KNOPPIX PMI and swap file.
*'''hda2''' -- format: ext2, Size >= 950 meg. This will hold the KNOPPIX boot image, KNOPPIX boot file, GRUB files, persistent home directory, and (if desired) the KNOPPIX saved configuration file.
*'''hda3''' -- format: Linux swap, >=200 meg.

To prepare the HD, these instructions use the linux tool QTParted, following these steps:

* Boot your computer from the KNOPPIX CD (preferably with the "noswap" option)
* Open a terminal window and type "sudo qtparted &"
* When QTParted opens, select /dev/hda in the upper-left pane. In a little while, the upper-right pane with a diagram of hda1 should appear.
* In the upper-right pane, right-click hda1 and select "Resize." Then slide the right-edge of the hda1 partition to the left just enough to get the >=1.2 gigs needed to make hda2 and hda3.
* When the free space (gray area) shows up in the right-pane, right-click in it and select "Create." Set the type to "ext2" and the size to >= 950 meg.
* Next right-click in the last remaining free space in the pane, and set all of it to type "Linux Swap."
* Select "Commit" from the Device menu.
* Completely shut down the computer ("sudo shutdown -h now"), leaving the disk in the computer.
* When the computer has completely shutdown, restart the computer and boot normally from the KNOPPIX CD.
* Once fully booted, go under the KNOPPIX menu "Configure" entry and select "Create a persistent KNOPPIX home directory." When prompted, select "/dev/hda2", whole partition, no encryption.
* Open a terminal and type the following:
su
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2
cd /mnt/hda2/
mkdir boot
cd boot
cp /boot/* .
cp /mnt/cdrom/boot/isolinux/minirt24.gz .
cd ..
mkdir grub
mount /dev/hda2 /boot
cd /boot/grub
emacs menu.lst &
* In emacs, enter these lines:
default=1
timeout=20
#splashimage=(hd0,1)/grub/hello.xpm.gz

title Win
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
chainloader +1

title Knoppix
kernel (hd0,1)/boot/vmlinuz fromhd=/dev/hda2 home=/dev/hda2 myconfig=/dev/hda2 /
lang=en apm=power-off hda=scsi hdb=scsi hdc=scsi hdd=scsi hde=scsi hdf=scsi /
hdg=scsi hdh=scsi
initrd (hd0,1)/boot/minirt24.gz
boot
* Save the file (Ctrl-x Ctrl-s) and exit (Ctrl-x Ctrl-c). At the prompt type:
grub-install hd0
Grub sometimes spits-out a lot of non-critical errors (at least I sometimes see them with certain machines), and it might act frozen for a spell. But it has always worked so far for me. Importantly, at the end of all the all the messages you should see "Installation finished. No error reported."
* Now type
shutdown -r now
* Boot again from the KNOPPIX CD, but this time type with this option at the splashscreen to copy the KNOPPIX image to hda2:
knoppix tohd=/dev/hda2
* When KNOPPIX is completely booted, set-up your network card, printers, desktop, screensaver, passwords, clock, .kde/Autostart scripts, and anything else you might want persistent, then save your KNOPPIX configuration to /dev/hda2 via "Configure" under the KNOPPIX menu.
* Take the CD out. You are done with the instructions for Dual booting Poor Mans Install with Windows using GRUB on HD.

''Notes: in some cases, using the kernel option "myconfig=/dev/hda2" seems to interfere with expected persistent home directory behavior invoked by kernel option "home=/dev/hda2" - sometimes even failing to give user a persistent home directory. Just eliminating the kernel option "myconfig=/dev/hda2" seems to get the persistent home directory back. But that some installations work as expected with both kernel options suggests that possibly the timing or order in which the KNOPPIX state is saved to the configuration files is critical (i.e. before or after saving persistent home directory), or perhaps the order of kernel options is important.''

----

=== 1.7 Triple-booting [[Poor Mans Install]] with Windows and GNU/Linux using Grub on HD ===

''(tested with Knoppix 5.3.1 DVD, on a dual-boot system containing Windows XP and Debian etch)''

* Create and format the new partition to hold Knoppix. Should be around 5GB, formatted as ext2 or ext3. You might have to resize existing partitions so be careful.
* Know your partitions: in the following steps, '''hda9''' is the new partition and '''hda2''' is the partition of the current Linux system that holds its '''/boot''' directory. Make sure you change these to match the partitions on your system. Also these steps assume you are installing to the first hard disk on the system which grub calls '''hd0'''.
* boot from the Knoppix DVD
* copy Knoppix boot files to your existing boot partition:
# become root
su
# mount existing linux partition that contains /boot
mount /media/hda2
# cd to /boot in this partition
cd /media/hda2/boot
# make a knoppix/ directory
mkdir knoppix
# cd to the new knoppix/ directory
cd knoppix
# copy knoppix boot files to /media/hda2/boot/knoppix/
cp /boot/* .
# Copy minirt.gz to /media/hda2/boot/knoppix/
# NB: if this fails, make sure /media/cdrom is accessible. You might have to type 'mount /media/cdrom' first.
cp /media/cdrom/boot/isolinux/minirt.gz .
* Reboot the system
* Boot your existing Linux distro
* Add the following to grub's '''menu.lst''', usually located in '''/boot/grub/menu.lst'''. Grub counts from 0 so '''(hd0,0)''' means '''hda1''', '''(hd0,1)''' means '''hda2''' etc.
title Knoppix from HD
# boot from hda2 which grub calls (hd0,1)
kernel (hd0,1)/boot/knoppix/vmlinuz fromhd=/dev/hda9 /
lang=en apm=power-off hda=scsi hdb=scsi hdc=scsi hdd=scsi hde=scsi hdf=scsi /
hdg=scsi hdh=scsi
# boot from hda2 which grub calls (hd0,1)
initrd (hd0,1)/boot/knoppix/minirt.gz
boot
savedefault
* Update grub:
grub-install hd0
* Boot again from the Knoppix DVD, but this time write this cheatcode at the splashscreen to copy Knoppix to '''hda9''':
knoppix tohd=/dev/hda9
* When Knoppix has completely booted, shutdown the system and you're done. Next time you boot simply choose Knoppix from the boot menu to start Knoppix from your HD.

This will act exactly like the DVD (i.e. whatever changes you make to the system will be forgotten next time you reboot). You can create a persistent home directory/settings by saving these to the Knoppix partition on your HD (see Knoppix cheatcodes and FAQ). And you can add your own cheatcodes to the file '''menu.lst'''. Just remember to run ''''grub-install hda0'''' from your existing Linux distro after modifying menu.lst. This is required to update grub.

----

=== 2. Boot the Knoppix ''ISO'' directly ===
Now there is a solution for this. It is tested on Knoppix-5 and it works. Basically you convert on of your partitions on a cD/DVD player. It is great for remote servers without CD/DVD support.
[Visit: http://azerthoth.blogspot.com/2008/04/want-to-install-dvd-release-of-linux.html]

''OUTDATED:''
There really is no working solution to do this, this is just some ideas that some kind soul could improve. To do this you would need to do this:

* Copy iso to a partion
* Copy the boot.img from the ISO
* Change the boot.img to mount the iso with loop and then continue with the ordinary boot up script.
* Make the boot.img boot (in some of the ways described above)

==== another description ====
Create a mini boot image and mount the ISO at /mnt2/Knoppix.iso/ then mount the appropriate filesystem image from inside the ISO and mount or link the dirs inside. I guess doing a chroot (replace / ) will foobar things, that's why I try to mount the ISO at /mnt2/...

----

=== 3. Boot with ''PXE'' via network ===

This is not by the PCs own HD ;), but see: [[Faq PXE]]

Would be nice to boot via TCP/IP and get the ISO from FTP-server. 
Only for installing, '''not''' for daily use - please mirror Knoppix localy!

----

=== 4. Boot from smartdisk, usb-stick, ROM... ===

Please write about your experiences to boot from your MP3-Player, or what ever...

See [[http://rz-obrian.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/knoppix-usb/ Boot KNOPPIX from an USB Memory Stick]] by Matthias MÃ¼ller
 For booting the USB stick it uses [[http://www.8ung.at/spblinux/ spblinux]]

----

=== Questions ===

==== Q:Does this work with any file system or does it need FAT? ====
A: Yes, it will work on any filesystem supported by the Knoppix build of the Linux kernel. Which means about all filesystem types you'll ever find on a IDE or SCSI harddisk.

----

== Feedback ==
If you have questions, comments, ideas about this wiki-page, and you don't want to write it directly in this page, please write it here as feedback:

==== Variations: ====
- Use the persistent home scripts to keep your settings. It should be possible to copy the script to ''HD'':\KNOPPIX\knoppix.sh (untested)

;By Henk Poley : Is the german discussion still needed on this page? Is it solved?

----

=== 5. Another method. ===
We can totally avoid looking at contents of boot.img and get the same affect as booting from Knoppix CD using http://syslinux.zytor.com/memdisk.php This what I did starting with KNOPPIX iso file:

**'''mount KNOPPIX.iso /mnt/tmp -o loop
**'''mkdir /KNOPPIX
**'''cp -R /mnt/tmp/KNOPPIX/* /KNOPPIX

Edit lilo.conf to boot boot.img in KNOPPIX directory:

#lilo.conf
image=/boot/memdisk
label=knoppix
initrd=/KNOPPIX/boot.img

You will get the full wonderful KNOPPIX boot menu.

=== 7. How to run knoppix from a windows partition without burning a CD ===

*Boot your existing linux
**'''mount -o loop KNOPPIX_V3.X-XX-XX-XX.iso /mnt/iso''' (create that dir earlier)
**'''cd /mnt/iso; cp -a * /mnt/win''' (your fat32 partition, mount it first)
*'''mkdir /img; mount -o loop /mnt/iso/KNOPPIX/boot.img /img
*'''cp /img/miniroot.gz /boot; cp /img/vmlinuz /boot/vmknoppix
*edit lilo.conf to create a new image=/boot/vmknoppix with initrd=/boot/miniroot.gz
*run [[Lilo]], reboot
*choose the name you gave knoppix in lilo.conf's label
*done! now proceed to install knoppix to the hard drive if you want!

=== 8. Yet another way (from a laptop with no floppy drive) with knoppix 3.4 ===

(assumes a small boot partition as /dev/hda1, and that knoppix tohd=/dev/hda2)

*boot into the command line mode <knoppix 2 hdfrom=/dev/hda2
*mount your booting partition<mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1
*mount your knoppix cd <mount -t iso9660 /dev/sr0 /mnt/test
*copy the neccisary boot files
**'''cp /mnt/test/boot/isolinux/linux24 /mnt/hda1
**'''cp /mnt/test/boot/isolinux/minirt24.gz /mnt/hda1
**'''cp /etc/lilo.conf /mnt/hda1/
*edit lilo.conf with mcedit
**'''mcedit /mnt/hda1/lilo.conf
*make sure to remove the line towards the begining from klaus
*I commented out most of this and added the following:
image=/mnt/hda1/linux24
initrd=minirt24.gz
label=linux
(( i realise there is alot more that could be done here,however for the sake of brevity thats all i did, the key parts are the linux24 and the minirt24.gz))
*run lilo with the new lilo.conf, '''not''' the CDs one.
**'''lilo -C /mnt/hda1/lilo.conf
*unmout things
**'''umount /mnt/test; umount /mnt/hda1
*reboot
**'''init 6
*enjoy (one thing i found was the knoppix commands can be used at the LILO prompt, so personally I run
**'''linux dma lang=en fromhd=/dev/hda2

[[Category:Hard drive Installation]]

Talk:Hd Based HowTo

2011-07-13T11:56:49Z

Capricorny: This, too, should me rewritten

== This, too, should me rewritten ==

Needs both rewriting and reorganization, I think. But the start is already made :-) Capricorny 20110713

Talk:Poor Mans Install

2011-07-13T11:42:38Z

Capricorny: Edited discussion entry

After install knoppix than running on dekstop, fill password, login than msg show check
dcopserver

This page is completely outdated for Knoppix 6.X and Win Vista/7. Of very little use if not completely rewritten. I will try to do it. Capricorny 20110713

== Suggestion was from me.. ==

This page need a complete rewriting, ASAP, if the Wiki is to be of much use for PMIs Capricorny 20110713

Talk:Poor Mans Install

2011-07-13T11:40:36Z

Capricorny: New section: Suggestion was from me..

After install knoppix than running on dekstop, fill password, login than msg show check
dcopserver

This page is completely outdated for Knoppix 6.X and Win Vista/7. Of very little use if not completely rewritten. I will try to do it.

== Suggestion was from me.. ==

This page need a complete rewriting, ASAP, if the Wiki is to be of much use for PMIs

Talk:Poor Mans Install

2011-07-13T11:38:31Z

Capricorny: Page is completely outdated - needs rewriting

Bugs/6.4.4DVD

2011-07-12T14:07:07Z

Capricorny: Added reporter mail

=Some BUGS Found in 6.4.4 liveDVD w/diverse media installs=
List V6.4.4/DVD bugs here.

== 2.6.37-64 Kernel bug -- Date: 2011.07.12 ==

* This is of course not for fixing here, and it was probably fixed in March 2011. But users should beware that the kernel may go into a loop on some hardware configurations. Happened in an HP Elitebook - one of 4 cores got stuck - but the rest worked(!)

== Ricoh SD card reader not recognised -- Date: 2011.07.12 ==

* Toshiba laptop 830R, Ricoh Device e823 (rev 04) capricornyx (at nospam) gmail dot com

== usleep-knoppix package? -- Date: 2011.07.12 ==

* Couldn't find usleep-knoppix package, trying to install hwsetup fopr 64-bits version. capricornyx (at nospam) gmail dot com

== Knoppix-halt breaks wake-on-lan (wol) -- Date: 2011.07.12 ==
Se knoppix-devel mailing list: knoppix-halt breaks wake-on-lan (wol)
http://lists.debian.org/7539a6bf5f0b155918f88e16247165c3.squirrel@webmail.dreamhost.com

Bugs/6.4.4DVD

2011-07-12T14:03:55Z

Capricorny: Linked this from the Knoppix-devel mailing list

=Some BUGS Found in 6.4.4 liveDVD w/diverse media installs=
List V6.4.4/DVD bugs here.

== 2.6.37-64 Kernel bug -- Date: 2011.07.12 ==

* This is of course not for fixing here, and it was probably fixed in March 2011. But users should beware that the kernel may go into a loop on some hardware configurations. Happened in an HP Elitebook - one of 4 cores got stuck - but the rest worked(!)

== Ricoh SD card reader not recognised -- Date: 2011.07.12 ==

* Toshiba laptop 830R, Ricoh Device e823 (rev 04)

== usleep-knoppix package? -- Date: 2011.07.12 ==

* Couldn't find usleep-knoppix package, trying to install hwsetup fopr 64-bits version.

== Knoppix-halt breaks wake-on-lan (wol) -- Date: 2011.07.12 ==
Se knoppix-devel mailing list: knoppix-halt breaks wake-on-lan (wol)
http://lists.debian.org/7539a6bf5f0b155918f88e16247165c3.squirrel@webmail.dreamhost.com

Bugs/6.4.4DVD

2011-07-12T13:56:49Z

Capricorny: Copied structure from 5.3.1 page, added a couple of items

Bugs/6.4.4CD

2011-07-12T13:41:49Z

Capricorny: Added page, copied structure from 5.3.1 page,

=Some BUGS Found in 6.4.4 liveCD=
List V6.4.4/CD bugs here.

* Support for 64-bits kernel is broken, some initialization etc does not work with knoppi64 on CD

Bugs

2011-07-12T13:35:19Z

Capricorny: Added entries for 6.4.4 CD&DVD

* [[Bugs_in_forum_software|Bugs in the forum software powering http://www.knoppix.net/wikinew/]]
* [[Bugs/6.4.4DVD|Knoppix Version V6.4.4 DVD bugs]]
* [[Bugs/6.4.4CD|Knoppix Version V6.4.4 CD bugs]]
* [[Bugs/5.3.1DVD|Knoppix Version V5.3.1 DVD bugs]]
* [[Bugs/5.1.1CD|Knoppix Version V5.1.1 CD bugs]]
* [[Bugs/5.01CD|Knoppix Version V5.01 CD bugs]]
* [[Bugs/5.0DVD|Knoppix Version V5.0 DVD bugs]]
* [[Bugs/4.0.2CD|Knoppix Version V4.0.2 CD bugs]]
* [[Bugs/4.0.2DVD|Knoppix Version V4.0.2 DVD bugs]]
* [[Bugs/4.0.1CD|Knoppix Version V4.0.1 CD bugs]]
* [[Bugs/4.0.1DVD|Knoppix Version V4.0.1 DVD bugs]]
* [[Bugs/4.0|Knoppix Version V4.0 DVD bugs]]
* [[Bugs/3.9-2005-05-27|Knoppix Version V3.9 2005-05-27 bugs]]
* [[Bugs/3.8.2|Knoppix Version V3.8.2 bugs]]
* [[Bugs/3.8.1|Knoppix Version V3.8.1 bugs]]
* [[Bugs/3.7|Knoppix Version V3.7-pcwelt bugs]]
* [[Bugs/3.6-2004-08-16 | Knoppix Version V3.6-2004-08-16 bugs]]
* [[Bugs/3.4-2004-05-10|Knoppix Version V3.4-2004-05-10 bugs]]
* [[Bugs/3.4-2004-05-17|Knoppix Version V3.4-2004-05-17 bugs]]
* [[Bugs/Installer|Knoppix-Installer bugs (knoppix-installer)]]
* [[Bugs/3.5|Linuxtag 2004 Knoppix v3.5 bugs]]
* [[Bugs/BSD| Linuxtag 2004 BSD-DVD bugs]]
* [[Cloop Version 2.01]]

* [[Requests for Enhancements]]

[[Category:Bug Pages]]

User:Capricorny

2011-07-12T13:28:39Z

Capricorny: New page: Most of my Knoppix activity is mirrored on the forums, and the Debian Knoppix-dev mailing list

Most of my Knoppix activity is mirrored on the forums, and the Debian Knoppix-dev mailing list

Customizing FAQ

2010-02-15T02:22:43Z

Capricorny: Started by describing the basic options for customizing Knoppix

Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]
----
== Frequently Asked Questions ==
# What are the basic different options for customizing Knoppix?

The simplest, which you can do in all versions, is using cheat codes. At the boot prompt, you can specify a number of parameters, like language, keyboard, screen resolution, desktop environment. The cheat codes may differ between the releases, so check that you use the right ones. If you install Knoppix to read/write media (like USB sticks, external hard disks or flash cards), you may change the default boot parameters, so you don't have to enter them at every boot.

The next step is using persistent storage, which can be used for both programs, configuration data and personal files. With the default FAT32 file system used on flash memory, you can allocate volumes of up to 4GB each for such storage, as many as will fit on the store. Usually, just one volume is in use, and on booting from writable media, Knoppix will ask you if you want to create persistent storage, and how big you want it. You can also create this yourself, and if you want extra volumes, you must create them yourself. Typically, on a 16 GB stick you can have the DVD compressed Knoppix image plus 3 4GB volumes of own programs and data.

The third, and most difficult option is to remaster Knoppix. Which means that you create a new compressed image instead of the default. You may write it to CD/DVD, but you don't have to. Therefore, the new image could be anywhere between a few hundred MB and ca 4 GB. Because the image is compressed, you can store more than twice the amount of program files this way. Tyically 1.5-1.8 GB on a CD, and 8-9 GB on a DVD.

# I've read the HOWTO, but it doesn't tell how to customize the KDE desktop, panel, and startup programs. I've found that after I chroot, I can see my KDE changes in '''/ramdisk/home/knoppix/.kde/''' and I copied those to '''/etc/skel/.kde/''' and to '''/home/knoppix/.kde/''' but they seem to be ignored. What do I need to do?

== Howto ==
General [[Knoppix Remastering Howto]] / [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Deutsch]]

== KNOPPIX CD-Customizer Script ==
http://www.ing-buero-unger.de/prj/knx/index.html

== Speed Optimization ==
The original Knoppix is speed optimized (you can think of it as "defragmenting for CD"). The most Remastering FAQs and scripts do NOT speed optimize the remaster. Therefore, the original Knoppix runs faster from the CD than most remasters!

----

See also:
* Already customized Knoppix cds for download on [[Knoppix Customizations]]
* http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2003/11/20/knoppix.html?page=2
----
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Talk:Knoppix Remastering Howto

2010-02-03T00:48:57Z

Capricorny: New section: 6.x with programs added

Tips around apt-get to install/update/remove applications:

* Get '''apt-spy''' and use it to modify the sources.list file with the best mirrors for your particular region. This will speed up the downloading. Backup the original '''sources.list''' just in case.
* Use '''apt-get update''' to get the lists with the latest releases and patches. Do not update a package if you don't need to, it may lead to the use of additional disk space (precious commodity when you want to keep everything below 700MB) and you may brake something else without knowing. Abuse the '''-s''' option to simulate the installation.
* Before doing the update, I modified my default releases to '''testing''', that means that the software I'll be using will have a good balance of stability and features. Knoppix uses '''unstable''' by default, which is too risky for my personal taste.
* Get '''[apt-get install] locale''' and configure it with the locales you are going to use. It will save lots of space when downloading applications with plenty of locale modules.
* I use '''aptitude''' to get/remove applications, it is character based so it works character mode. As you mark packages for install/update/removal, it will tell you how much disk space you will save/use, try to solve depencies problems and give you plenty control to fix them manually when possible.
* When installing applications it is likely that your '''/etc/rc?.d''' directories will have new entries, many of them unwanted or unplanned. Make sure you check them and remove the new entries based on your preferences. I usually leave '''/etc/rc2.d''' and '''/etc/rc5.d''' as close as the originals and modify '''/etc/rc3.d''' and '''/etc/rc4.d''' to test new stuff.
Example: You may want to have ntfs installed, but not necessarily running unless you need. Same with apache, mysql and many others.
* When removing/purging applications, they may leave behind non-empty directories. Usually this is announced by aptitude, apt-get or any other package you are using. Make sure to check the messages.

* The bug in '''apt-get''' is also mentioned here: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=191309 (More of a bug in apt-get that it assumes /dev/ is active rather than checking?)

----

* I'm having trouble remastering the 5.1.1 CD. I've done it twice. The first time it has trouble loading the isolinux information, and the second time isolinux has an error about the checksum... (Slythfox)
* Has anyone remastered the 5.01 DVD? I'm having trouble following the remaster guidelines. What boot loader is it using? How do I switch bootloaders or add an additional kernel?
* I'm having some problems with remastering 5.01, too.... For me, the compressed image created via "create_compressed_fs" is not found during bootup. Any ideas why this could be? (MadusI)
* The howto needs to be edited in a few places where scripts on one line go past the printable area. No problem if you cut/past script from here, but it is if you print for reading offline. (step 13 under Setting Up for Remastering, the long dpkg-query under the APT section, the sample Grub entry in the section on Test Remastered Version). I have a couple of other lines that split when printing under Windows (printing at work). Maybe there could be a link to a printable version like many of the news sites use. (ripcrd)

----

I do not know whether it is really necessary, but in order to edit the 5.3.1 DVD, I mounted KNOPPIX and KNOPPIX2 into an UnionFS and then - after umounting that FS - created two separate compressed FS using the third of the commands on the main page, once with KNOPPIX and once with KNOPPIX2.

== why -r and -a? ==

What's the advantage of using both -r (or -R) and -a in cp command? AFAIK, -r/-R means recursively copying, while -a means archively copying. I'm using Debian lenny, I don't know if Knoppix use another version of cp (coreutils).

according to "man cp" -a equals -dpR (in Knoppix 5.1.1).

== Remastering the LiveCD ISO ==

Somehow things have changed from boot.img to balder.img and isolinux. I am no expert, so correct my where I'm wrong. My impression is that in order to remaster with a new kernel one has to copy the kernel to boot/isolinux/linux instead of implementing it in the boot.img. Also what used to be miniroot.gz is now called minirt.gz.

== Knoppix Version 6.x ==

Mountpoint /cdrom changed to /mnt-system

Anyone know what /mnt-user is used for ?

Making the "master" section is problematic because all the files cannot be "seen" from within a Knoppix 6 boot.
Specifically boot/isolinux/*, autorun.inf etc.
To create the master tree:
* With $GBASE set to the path to where your remastering is taking place
* Have a copy of a Knoppix 6 iso on the hard disk where you are doing your remastering.
* Mount the iso on a loopback.
mount -o loop -t iso9660 $GBASE/$ISO $GBASE/isomnt
* cd into the mount point
find . -size -10000k -type f -exec cp -p --parents '{}' $GBASE/knx/master/ \;

== 6.x with programs added ==

With 6.x, installing Debian packages on the persistent image works very well, but how to proceed when remastering the complete system? This can be a good alternative to using the DVD, leaving more room on the persistent image afterwards. With USB sticks, the 700MB space restriction isn't very significant, images anywhere from 700-4000MB can be produced. I think maybe a new remastering HowTo for 6.x could be the best thing to do? --[[User:Capricorny|Capricorny]] 17:48, 2 February 2010 (MST)

Category talk:Remastering Knoppix

2010-01-31T20:10:01Z

Capricorny: Updating remastering for 6.X?

== Updating remastering for 6.X? ==

I notice this page hasn't changed since 2005. Should it be updated with instructions for 6.X? I would think so. --[[User:Capricorny|Capricorny]] 13:10, 31 January 2010 (MST)

Talk:Customizing FAQ

2010-01-31T19:10:06Z

Capricorny:

== Should this article be greatly expanded? ==

I think so, but I would personally focus on 6.X customizations now. --[[User:Capricorny|Capricorny]] 12:10, 31 January 2010 (MST)

Talk:Customizing FAQ

2010-01-31T19:06:04Z

Capricorny: New section: Should this article be greatly expanded?

== Should this article be greatly expanded? ==

I think so, but I would personally focus on 6.X customizations now.

Cheat Codes

2010-01-31T18:42:14Z

Capricorny: printing error

==== Introduction ====
German Version: [[Cheat Codes Deutsch]] / French Version: [[Cheat Codes French]] /
Versión español: [[Cheat Codes Spanish]]
----
'''Cheatcodes''' are used to pass options to KNOPPIX to help with getting it working on difficult hardware. You type them into the boot screen and press enter/return. The format is "kernel option option option ...". Usually "'''knoppix'''" is the right selection for the "kernel". You can type more than one cheatcode before pressing enter. Also note that some options can take on values.

Example: "knoppix xvrefresh=60 noscsi floppyconfig"

----

==== Options ====
;lang=bg|be|ch|cn|cs|cz|da|de|dk|es|fi|fr|ie|it|ja|nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|uk|us : specify language/keyboard

: You can go to the [http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/English_list.php ISO 639 site] to see the two-letters code meanings.

: For example, typing knoppix lang=us you change the keyboard/language to US english.

: If you don't change the keyboard, in the default DE-bootimage, Knoppix boots with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_keyboard_layouts#Germany_and_Austria_.28but_not_Switzerland.29 german keyboard layout] (i.e. '=' letter is located at Shift-0 at this keyboard). Print the german keyboard layout for your reference.
 
;keyboard=us : specify only [[console]] keyboard
 
;xkeyboard=us : specify [[XFree86|X]] keyboard
 
;atapicd :Do NOT use SCSI-Emulation for IDE CD-Roms - Knoppix V3.4 and later
 
;desktop=[[fluxbox]]|[[icewm]]|[[larswm]]|[[twm]]|[[wmaker]]|[[xfce]] : Use specified WM instead of KDE
 
;screen=1280x1024 :Use specified Screen resolution for X
 
;xvrefresh=60 or vsync=60 : Use 60 Hz vertical refresh rate for X
 
;xhrefresh=80 or hsync=80 : Use 80 kHz horizontal refresh rate for X
 
;xserver=XFree86|XF86_SVGA : Use specified X-Server
 
;xmodule=ati|radeon|[[fbdev]]|vesa|savage|s3|nv|i810|mga|svga|tseng : Use specified XFree4-Module
 
;wheelmouse : The mouse is a wheelmouse - not needed since 2003-04-15
 
;nowheelmouse : Regular PS/2 mouse - 2003-04-15 and after.
 
;0 : Runlevel 0, Shutdown
;1 : Runlevel 1, Textmode, single user
;2 : Runlevel 2, Textmode only
;3 : Runlevel 3, Textmode only
;4 : Runlevel 4, Textmode only
;5 : Runlevel 5, Graphics mode, default
;6 : Runlevel 6, Reboot
 
;myconfig=scan or floppyconfig or floppyconf (in recent versions) : Run '''knoppix.sh''' from a floppy. The "floppyconfig" option allows you to reconfigure the system after autoconfig, or install your own config files, by mounting a floppy disk and running a bourne shell script called '''knoppix.sh''' from the root directory on this floppy. There is a GUI to create such a configuration floppy disk calles "saveconfig" (also located in the KDE menu under "KNOPPIX", but experts also know how to do this by creating their own shellscripts. The configuration with network and graphics setup are stored in '''configs.tbz'''. A file called ''knoppix.sh'', if located in the toplevel KNOPPIX directory on CD, will also be executed at startup. This makes it easier to create customized versions without having to change anything on the compressed filesystem KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX.
 
;myconf=/dev/sda1 :Run "knoppix.sh" from a partition - Knoppix V3.4
 
;myconf=scan (or config=scan) :Try to find "knoppix.sh" automatically - Knoppix V3.4
 
;noapic noagp noapm nodma nomce nofirewire nopcmcia noscsi noswap nousb nosmp noaudio : Skip parts of Hardware-detection, In case of a failing hardware autodetection, try booting with any of the "no-" options as shown in the table above, like in knoppix noagp noapm noapic nodma nopcmcia noscsi nousb to skip some critical parts of the autodetection system. The "noswap" option is useful for a forensic analysis without touching existing swap partitions.
 
;nofstab : By default Knoppix will look/scan the HDs to see if it contains partitions. If the HDs do have partitions, Knoppix will automatically build a '/etc/fstab' file and fill-in the appropriate partition entries and will also create the '/mnt/hdxx' mount points. The 'nofstab' cheat code prevents this look/scan and prevents the generation of the /etc/fstab and its mount points.
 
;nohwsetup : Skip hardware detection (does not run '''hwsetup''')
 
;no-hlt : Do not perform hlt test. On some CPUs or with some power supplies the hlt test can cause the CPU to reset, so specifying this instruction will cause the system to ignore the hlt test and run at full power. Warning, this can cause your CPU to run hotter, and may defeat power saving measures.
 
;pci=bios : Workaround for bad PCI controllers
 
;pci=biosirq : Will force the use of the BIOS assigned '''I'''nterrupt '''R'''e'''Q'''uests on the PCI bus. Possible cure for non-functioning hardware. Very handy for unruly IRQ conflicts. Look at '''dmesg''' and '''cat /proc/pci''' to find out if you have any such troubles..
 
;pci=irqmask=0x0e98 : Notebook if PS/2 mouse doesn't work, Try "knoppix pci=irqmask=0x0e98" if (you have a notebook and) your PS/2 mouse doesn't work. (Possibly caused by a BIOS-flaw on your board.)
 
;ide2=0x180 nopcmia : boot from PCMCIA-CD (Transmeta notebooks)
 
;mem=128M : Specify Memory size in MByte, Some Boards apparently don't pass the proper memory size to the linux-kernel. It may cause the message "Panic cannot mount root file system" and the system hangs. Use "knoppix mem=128M" to solve that problem if your system has 128MByte memory for example (caution you MUST use a capital "M" here). Stuff like mem=16320K also works.
 
;noeject : Do NOT eject CD after halt
 
;noprompt : Its especially useful in combination with noeject. With noprompt, Knopix won't eject the CD and ask for a keypress. It was a much asked feature some time ago. Version 2003-09-22 and later.
 
;nodhcp : skip dhcp/network broadcast detection
 
;splash : It shows the upper half of the KDE splash-screen, while booting up. You can press Esc anytime to see all the messages. Ever wanted to hide those cryptic messages? Version 2003-09-22 and later.
* New in 3.4: Animations (see for yourself) and the ability to press ''any'' key.
 
;modules-disk : This cheatcode allows you to insert a floppy disk with additional modules, for example USB-stick or similar. Yes, its also possible with "expert", but there you lose the automatic configuration afterwards. Version 2003-09-22 and later.
 
;toram : Copy CD to RAM and run from there. Version 2003-09-05 and later.
 
;tohd : You can now do a "poor mans install" on vfat and ext2-Partitions with, '''knoppix tohd=/dev/hda1''' Version 2003-09-22 and later.
 
;fromhd : With this cheatcode the CD-Roms are ignored, so you can finally boot your "poor mans install" with just the original cdrom. Version 2003-09-05 and later. note - Cheatcode "toram" and "fromhd" work now together. Usage fromhd=/dev/hda1.
 
;boot=/dev/hda1
: (after you load kernel and run ramdisk startup stuff (minirt.gz) however you may choose)
:Then continue starting up from hda1/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX . This is an easy way to free up your CD drive--you don't even need the CD at all, to boot, if you boot using loadlin, and have the 'linux' file and 'minirt.gz' file being loaded from the hard drive with loadlin. just copy the cd compressed contents to the root directory of a partition. then load knoppix with loadlin or however, passing this code in addition to the others, as you start up.
:This was tested to work on a fat32 partition, in knoppix 3.4. --[[User:gh78|gh78]] May 20 2006

;bootfrom=/dev/hda1 : Access Image then boot from previously copied CD-Image (enables booting from NTFS / ReiserFS) - Knoppix V3.4
 
;bootfrom=/dev/hda1/KNX.iso : Access image, boot from ISO-Image. - Knoppix V3.4

: NOTE: bootfrom needs access to a running Knoppix-System with the same Kernel as the Bootkernel, before it is able to mount the partition / ISO-Image. This should allow a poor mans install from NTFS-Partitions and makes it also possible to boot an ISO-Image directly. You can also use wildcards in the ISO-Filename, but it must be unique. So: If you have just one KNOPPIX.iso on /dev/hda1 you can access it as: bootfrom=/dev/hda1/K*.iso, but if there are several, you need to make clear, which one you want. (Feature added by Fabian Franz.)

: CAUTION: The 2.4 kernel that is in the KNOPPIX 3.4 CD does not support the ext3 filesystem so make sure that the ISO is stored in an ext2 filesystem.
 
;gmt|utc : Hardware clock is set to GMT/UTC
 
;tz=Europe/Berlin : Hardware clock is set to timezone Europe/Berlin
 
;vga=normal : No-framebuffer mode, but X
 
;vga=ext : 50-line TEXT mode
 
;dma : enable DMA for all IDE drives
 
;home=scan :Set home directory. 'scan' will search for knoppix.img in the root of all partitions. To create a home directory, go K-menu -> Knoppix -> Configure -> Create persistant home directory. Be carefull when creating the home-dir, Do NOT use the entire partition unless you know what you are doing. Other options could be, home=/dev/hda1/knoppix.img home=/mnt/hda1/knoppix.img . If you are using a USB memory stick type home=/dev/sda1/knoppix.img but home=scan will probably do.
 
;blind :Start Braille-Terminal (no X)
 
;brltty=type,port,table :Parameters for Braille device.
For more information on brltty parameters see http://mielke.cc/brltty/guidelines.html
 
;alsa :Autoconfigure alsa for an pci-soundcard
 
;alsa=es1938 :Configure alsa for the snd-es1938.o-module pci-soundcard
 
;testcd : Check CD data integrity, If your KNOPPIX CD makes strange noises during boot, or you see frequent errors like "cloop read error", or programs on your KDE desktop keep crashing randomly, then your CD image is probably defective or incomplete, or your CD-burner created a defective CD due to wrong writing speed or bad media. This is the most common error reported. Please boot with "knoppix testcd" to check if the CD is OK, and/or even better, verify the MD5 checksums that are present on the mirrors before writing the CD. Also, please read the KNOPPIX-FAQ.

: CAUTION: testcd can take a long time and the screen saver often starts while the testcd check is running. Hit SHIFT or CTRL to turn off the screen saver and continue, there is likely no need to reset the system or burn another CD at this point.
 
;pnpbios=off : No PnP Bios initialization
 
;acpi=off : Disable ACPI Bios completely
 
;knoppix_dir=KNOPPIX : Directory to search for on the CD.
 
;knoppix_name=KNOPPIX : Cloop-File to search for on the CD.
 

;-b : "Emergency Mode", a quick-n-dirty boot, almost no HW detection, only 1 VT; hit enter at root-password prompt and start typing commands. Good if you just need to fdisk IDE devices, activate a different partition for booting, DD stuff, and you are planning on rebooting '''Real Fast''' after you're done. You can actually Alt-SysRQ-B safely ie. immediate reboot w/o worrying about shutting down nicely or anything, because nothing is mounted r/w at ALL - not even swap. Also works on other Linux distros.
 

-----

==== Kernels ====
For a complete listing of the kernels and kernel labels, see the isolinux.cfg file on the CD.

;knoppix or linux : Default settings
# cat /proc/cmdline
ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off vga=791
initrd=minirt.gz nomce quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix BOOT_IMAGE=linux
 
;knoppix26 or linux26 : Boot the 2.6 kernel for use with the new Knoppix 3.4 and 3.4 c't Edition.
 
;knoppix-txt : No framebuffer at startup
# cat /proc/cmdline
ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off vga=normal
initrd=minirt.gz nomce quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix BOOT_IMAGE=linux
 
;fb1280x1024 or fb1024x768 or fb800x600 : Use fixed framebuffer graphics
# cat /proc/cmdline
ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off vga=794
xmodule=fbdev initrd=minirt.gz nomce quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix BOOT_IMAGE=linux
 
;failsafe : Boot with (almost) no hardware detection
# cat /proc/cmdline
ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us vga=normal atapicd
nosound noapic noacpi pnpbios=off acpi=off nofstab noscsi
nodma noapm nousb nopcmcia nofirewire noagp nomce nodhcp
xmodule=vesa initrd=minirt.gz BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix BOOT_IMAGE=linux
 
;expert : Interactive setup for experts, The "expert" mode provides a very simple and not yet well tested interface to loading additional Kernel modules from floppy disks (ext2 or vfat), plus interactive configuration of mouse/keyboard/soundcard/xserver. "expert" mode supports the same boot options as "knoppix".
# cat /proc/cmdline
ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off vga=791
initrd=minirt.gz nomce BOOT_IMAGE=expert BOOT_IMAGE=linux
 
;expert26 : The same as above only with 2.6 kernel - Knoppix V3.4
 
;memtest : Run memtest86 instead of Linux - Knoppix V3.4
 
;debug : Pauses at various stages in the boot and shutdown processes. Type 'exit' to move on to the next stage.
# cat /proc/cmdline
ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off
vga=normal initrd=minirt.gz debug BOOT_IMAGE=debug BOOT_IMAGE=linux
;userdef : useful kernel alias if you use knoppix-customize. Type 'man knoppix-customize' for more information. Very experimental.
 

----

==== Tips&Tricks ====
If you are unable to boot Knoppix (i.e. the screen goes blank, you see a kernel panic message, the screen flickers, you are dropped into a minimal shell, Knoppix simply freezes while booting, etc.), try these boot commands in order:
# '''boot: knoppix vga=0'''
# '''boot: knoppix acpi=off pnpbios=off noapic noapm''' Helpful for laptops
# '''boot: knoppix vga=0 debug -b 3''' Using this boot command will cause Knoppix to pause at various stages in the boot process. Just type 'exit' at each shell prompt to move on to the next stage. You will know that you are at the final stage when typing 'exit' does not do anything. If you get that far, type 'init 5' to go into graphics mode. 
# '''boot: failsafe debug -b 3''' That will do the same as the previous boot command, except turn off most of the hardware detection.
If you still have issues, please post in the [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewforum.php?f=9 Hardware & Booting] forum, tell us which of the above boot commands you tried, and how far in the boot process you were able to get.

Information for further troubleshooting:

Most of the boot options are parsed by different programs and scripts during the booting process, roughly in this order:

* the isolinux bootloader
* the linux kernel
* /linuxrc , which can be found in /cdrom/boot/isolinux/miniroot.gz -> linuxrc
* /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig
* /etc/init.d/xsession
* /usr/sbin/mkxf86config
* /etc/init.d/knoppix-halt
* /etc/init.d/knoppix-reboot

For more information on passing boot parameters to the kernel, see 'man boot' and 'man bootparam'.

----

==== Updates ====
; Updated for Knoppix 3.1 2003-01-05 
; Updated for Knoppix 3.2 : desktop=gnome is no longer available... (use [http://www.gnoppix.org Gnoppix]).
; Updated for Knoppix 3.8.2
----

==== Links ====
* http://lists.debian.org/debian-knoppix/2009/11/msg00018.html -- Cheatcodes version 6.2.0 (From Klaus 20091111)
* http://www.knoppix.nl/5.3/knoppix-cheatcodes.txt -- Cheatcode version 5.3.
* http://www.kernel.org/pub/dist/knoppix-dvd/knoppix-cheatcodes.txt -- KNOPPIX V5.0.1 (last update: 12.05.2006)
* http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/BootPrompt-HOWTO.html
* http://www.cheatworld.net -- cheat codes library
* http://www.wlug.org.nz/bootparam%287%29
* [[kernel-parameters-2.6.11]]
* [[User:Ml#miniroot_changes]]: i added some new cheatcodes for exotic boot media (nocloop, fromiso, nbd, nfs etc). they're not supported by default so a new miniroot.gz is needed.

[[Category: Cheat Codes]]

Cheat Codes

2010-01-31T18:40:05Z

Capricorny: Added link to 6.2.0 cheatcodes from lists.debian.org/debian-knoppix

==== Introduction ====
German Version: [[Cheat Codes Deutsch]] / French Version: [[Cheat Codes French]] /
Versión español: [[Cheat Codes Spanish]]
----
'''Cheatcodes''' are used to pass options to KNOPPIX to help with getting it working on difficult hardware. You type them into the boot screen and press enter/return. The format is "kernel option option option ...". Usually "'''knoppix'''" is the right selection for the "kernel". You can type more than one cheatcode before pressing enter. Also note that some options can take on values.

Example: "knoppix xvrefresh=60 noscsi floppyconfig"

----

==== Options ====
;lang=bg|be|ch|cn|cs|cz|da|de|dk|es|fi|fr|ie|it|ja|nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|uk|us : specify language/keyboard

: You can go to the [http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/English_list.php ISO 639 site] to see the two-letters code meanings.

: For example, typing knoppix lang=us you change the keyboard/language to US english.

: If you don't change the keyboard, in the default DE-bootimage, Knoppix boots with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_keyboard_layouts#Germany_and_Austria_.28but_not_Switzerland.29 german keyboard layout] (i.e. '=' letter is located at Shift-0 at this keyboard). Print the german keyboard layout for your reference.
 
;keyboard=us : specify only [[console]] keyboard
 
;xkeyboard=us : specify [[XFree86|X]] keyboard
 
;atapicd :Do NOT use SCSI-Emulation for IDE CD-Roms - Knoppix V3.4 and later
 
;desktop=[[fluxbox]]|[[icewm]]|[[larswm]]|[[twm]]|[[wmaker]]|[[xfce]] : Use specified WM instead of KDE
 
;screen=1280x1024 :Use specified Screen resolution for X
 
;xvrefresh=60 or vsync=60 : Use 60 Hz vertical refresh rate for X
 
;xhrefresh=80 or hsync=80 : Use 80 kHz horizontal refresh rate for X
 
;xserver=XFree86|XF86_SVGA : Use specified X-Server
 
;xmodule=ati|radeon|[[fbdev]]|vesa|savage|s3|nv|i810|mga|svga|tseng : Use specified XFree4-Module
 
;wheelmouse : The mouse is a wheelmouse - not needed since 2003-04-15
 
;nowheelmouse : Regular PS/2 mouse - 2003-04-15 and after.
 
;0 : Runlevel 0, Shutdown
;1 : Runlevel 1, Textmode, single user
;2 : Runlevel 2, Textmode only
;3 : Runlevel 3, Textmode only
;4 : Runlevel 4, Textmode only
;5 : Runlevel 5, Graphics mode, default
;6 : Runlevel 6, Reboot
 
;myconfig=scan or floppyconfig or floppyconf (in recent versions) : Run '''knoppix.sh''' from a floppy. The "floppyconfig" option allows you to reconfigure the system after autoconfig, or install your own config files, by mounting a floppy disk and running a bourne shell script called '''knoppix.sh''' from the root directory on this floppy. There is a GUI to create such a configuration floppy disk calles "saveconfig" (also located in the KDE menu under "KNOPPIX", but experts also know how to do this by creating their own shellscripts. The configuration with network and graphics setup are stored in '''configs.tbz'''. A file called ''knoppix.sh'', if located in the toplevel KNOPPIX directory on CD, will also be executed at startup. This makes it easier to create customized versions without having to change anything on the compressed filesystem KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX.
 
;myconf=/dev/sda1 :Run "knoppix.sh" from a partition - Knoppix V3.4
 
;myconf=scan (or config=scan) :Try to find "knoppix.sh" automatically - Knoppix V3.4
 
;noapic noagp noapm nodma nomce nofirewire nopcmcia noscsi noswap nousb nosmp noaudio : Skip parts of Hardware-detection, In case of a failing hardware autodetection, try booting with any of the "no-" options as shown in the table above, like in knoppix noagp noapm noapic nodma nopcmcia noscsi nousb to skip some critical parts of the autodetection system. The "noswap" option is useful for a forensic analysis without touching existing swap partitions.
 
;nofstab : By default Knoppix will look/scan the HDs to see if it contains partitions. If the HDs do have partitions, Knoppix will automatically build a '/etc/fstab' file and fill-in the appropriate partition entries and will also create the '/mnt/hdxx' mount points. The 'nofstab' cheat code prevents this look/scan and prevents the generation of the /etc/fstab and its mount points.
 
;nohwsetup : Skip hardware detection (does not run '''hwsetup''')
 
;no-hlt : Do not perform hlt test. On some CPUs or with some power supplies the hlt test can cause the CPU to reset, so specifying this instruction will cause the system to ignore the hlt test and run at full power. Warning, this can cause your CPU to run hotter, and may defeat power saving measures.
 
;pci=bios : Workaround for bad PCI controllers
 
;pci=biosirq : Will force the use of the BIOS assigned '''I'''nterrupt '''R'''e'''Q'''uests on the PCI bus. Possible cure for non-functioning hardware. Very handy for unruly IRQ conflicts. Look at '''dmesg''' and '''cat /proc/pci''' to find out if you have any such troubles..
 
;pci=irqmask=0x0e98 : Notebook if PS/2 mouse doesn't work, Try "knoppix pci=irqmask=0x0e98" if (you have a notebook and) your PS/2 mouse doesn't work. (Possibly caused by a BIOS-flaw on your board.)
 
;ide2=0x180 nopcmia : boot from PCMCIA-CD (Transmeta notebooks)
 
;mem=128M : Specify Memory size in MByte, Some Boards apparently don't pass the proper memory size to the linux-kernel. It may cause the message "Panic cannot mount root file system" and the system hangs. Use "knoppix mem=128M" to solve that problem if your system has 128MByte memory for example (caution you MUST use a capital "M" here). Stuff like mem=16320K also works.
 
;noeject : Do NOT eject CD after halt
 
;noprompt : Its especially useful in combination with noeject. With noprompt, Knopix won't eject the CD and ask for a keypress. It was a much asked feature some time ago. Version 2003-09-22 and later.
 
;nodhcp : skip dhcp/network broadcast detection
 
;splash : It shows the upper half of the KDE splash-screen, while booting up. You can press Esc anytime to see all the messages. Ever wanted to hide those cryptic messages? Version 2003-09-22 and later.
* New in 3.4: Animations (see for yourself) and the ability to press ''any'' key.
 
;modules-disk : This cheatcode allows you to insert a floppy disk with additional modules, for example USB-stick or similar. Yes, its also possible with "expert", but there you lose the automatic configuration afterwards. Version 2003-09-22 and later.
 
;toram : Copy CD to RAM and run from there. Version 2003-09-05 and later.
 
;tohd : You can now do a "poor mans install" on vfat and ext2-Partitions with, '''knoppix tohd=/dev/hda1''' Version 2003-09-22 and later.
 
;fromhd : With this cheatcode the CD-Roms are ignored, so you can finally boot your "poor mans install" with just the original cdrom. Version 2003-09-05 and later. note - Cheatcode "toram" and "fromhd" work now together. Usage fromhd=/dev/hda1.
 
;boot=/dev/hda1
: (after you load kernel and run ramdisk startup stuff (minirt.gz) however you may choose)
:Then continue starting up from hda1/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX . This is an easy way to free up your CD drive--you don't even need the CD at all, to boot, if you boot using loadlin, and have the 'linux' file and 'minirt.gz' file being loaded from the hard drive with loadlin. just copy the cd compressed contents to the root directory of a partition. then load knoppix with loadlin or however, passing this code in addition to the others, as you start up.
:This was tested to work on a fat32 partition, in knoppix 3.4. --[[User:gh78|gh78]] May 20 2006

;bootfrom=/dev/hda1 : Access Image then boot from previously copied CD-Image (enables booting from NTFS / ReiserFS) - Knoppix V3.4
 
;bootfrom=/dev/hda1/KNX.iso : Access image, boot from ISO-Image. - Knoppix V3.4

: NOTE: bootfrom needs access to a running Knoppix-System with the same Kernel as the Bootkernel, before it is able to mount the partition / ISO-Image. This should allow a poor mans install from NTFS-Partitions and makes it also possible to boot an ISO-Image directly. You can also use wildcards in the ISO-Filename, but it must be unique. So: If you have just one KNOPPIX.iso on /dev/hda1 you can access it as: bootfrom=/dev/hda1/K*.iso, but if there are several, you need to make clear, which one you want. (Feature added by Fabian Franz.)

: CAUTION: The 2.4 kernel that is in the KNOPPIX 3.4 CD does not support the ext3 filesystem so make sure that the ISO is stored in an ext2 filesystem.
 
;gmt|utc : Hardware clock is set to GMT/UTC
 
;tz=Europe/Berlin : Hardware clock is set to timezone Europe/Berlin
 
;vga=normal : No-framebuffer mode, but X
 
;vga=ext : 50-line TEXT mode
 
;dma : enable DMA for all IDE drives
 
;home=scan :Set home directory. 'scan' will search for knoppix.img in the root of all partitions. To create a home directory, go K-menu -> Knoppix -> Configure -> Create persistant home directory. Be carefull when creating the home-dir, Do NOT use the entire partition unless you know what you are doing. Other options could be, home=/dev/hda1/knoppix.img home=/mnt/hda1/knoppix.img . If you are using a USB memory stick type home=/dev/sda1/knoppix.img but home=scan will probably do.
 
;blind :Start Braille-Terminal (no X)
 
;brltty=type,port,table :Parameters for Braille device.
For more information on brltty parameters see http://mielke.cc/brltty/guidelines.html
 
;alsa :Autoconfigure alsa for an pci-soundcard
 
;alsa=es1938 :Configure alsa for the snd-es1938.o-module pci-soundcard
 
;testcd : Check CD data integrity, If your KNOPPIX CD makes strange noises during boot, or you see frequent errors like "cloop read error", or programs on your KDE desktop keep crashing randomly, then your CD image is probably defective or incomplete, or your CD-burner created a defective CD due to wrong writing speed or bad media. This is the most common error reported. Please boot with "knoppix testcd" to check if the CD is OK, and/or even better, verify the MD5 checksums that are present on the mirrors before writing the CD. Also, please read the KNOPPIX-FAQ.

: CAUTION: testcd can take a long time and the screen saver often starts while the testcd check is running. Hit SHIFT or CTRL to turn off the screen saver and continue, there is likely no need to reset the system or burn another CD at this point.
 
;pnpbios=off : No PnP Bios initialization
 
;acpi=off : Disable ACPI Bios completely
 
;knoppix_dir=KNOPPIX : Directory to search for on the CD.
 
;knoppix_name=KNOPPIX : Cloop-File to search for on the CD.
 

;-b : "Emergency Mode", a quick-n-dirty boot, almost no HW detection, only 1 VT; hit enter at root-password prompt and start typing commands. Good if you just need to fdisk IDE devices, activate a different partition for booting, DD stuff, and you are planning on rebooting '''Real Fast''' after you're done. You can actually Alt-SysRQ-B safely ie. immediate reboot w/o worrying about shutting down nicely or anything, because nothing is mounted r/w at ALL - not even swap. Also works on other Linux distros.
 

-----

==== Kernels ====
For a complete listing of the kernels and kernel labels, see the isolinux.cfg file on the CD.

;knoppix or linux : Default settings
# cat /proc/cmdline
ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off vga=791
initrd=minirt.gz nomce quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix BOOT_IMAGE=linux
 
;knoppix26 or linux26 : Boot the 2.6 kernel for use with the new Knoppix 3.4 and 3.4 c't Edition.
 
;knoppix-txt : No framebuffer at startup
# cat /proc/cmdline
ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off vga=normal
initrd=minirt.gz nomce quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix BOOT_IMAGE=linux
 
;fb1280x1024 or fb1024x768 or fb800x600 : Use fixed framebuffer graphics
# cat /proc/cmdline
ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off vga=794
xmodule=fbdev initrd=minirt.gz nomce quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix BOOT_IMAGE=linux
 
;failsafe : Boot with (almost) no hardware detection
# cat /proc/cmdline
ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us vga=normal atapicd
nosound noapic noacpi pnpbios=off acpi=off nofstab noscsi
nodma noapm nousb nopcmcia nofirewire noagp nomce nodhcp
xmodule=vesa initrd=minirt.gz BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix BOOT_IMAGE=linux
 
;expert : Interactive setup for experts, The "expert" mode provides a very simple and not yet well tested interface to loading additional Kernel modules from floppy disks (ext2 or vfat), plus interactive configuration of mouse/keyboard/soundcard/xserver. "expert" mode supports the same boot options as "knoppix".
# cat /proc/cmdline
ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off vga=791
initrd=minirt.gz nomce BOOT_IMAGE=expert BOOT_IMAGE=linux
 
;expert26 : The same as above only with 2.6 kernel - Knoppix V3.4
 
;memtest : Run memtest86 instead of Linux - Knoppix V3.4
 
;debug : Pauses at various stages in the boot and shutdown processes. Type 'exit' to move on to the next stage.
# cat /proc/cmdline
ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off
vga=normal initrd=minirt.gz debug BOOT_IMAGE=debug BOOT_IMAGE=linux
;userdef : useful kernel alias if you use knoppix-customize. Type 'man knoppix-customize' for more information. Very experimental.
 

----

==== Tips&Tricks ====
If you are unable to boot Knoppix (i.e. the screen goes blank, you see a kernel panic message, the screen flickers, you are dropped into a minimal shell, Knoppix simply freezes while booting, etc.), try these boot commands in order:
# '''boot: knoppix vga=0'''
# '''boot: knoppix acpi=off pnpbios=off noapic noapm''' Helpful for laptops
# '''boot: knoppix vga=0 debug -b 3''' Using this boot command will cause Knoppix to pause at various stages in the boot process. Just type 'exit' at each shell prompt to move on to the next stage. You will know that you are at the final stage when typing 'exit' does not do anything. If you get that far, type 'init 5' to go into graphics mode. 
# '''boot: failsafe debug -b 3''' That will do the same as the previous boot command, except turn off most of the hardware detection.
If you still have issues, please post in the [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewforum.php?f=9 Hardware & Booting] forum, tell us which of the above boot commands you tried, and how far in the boot process you were able to get.

Information for further troubleshooting:

Most of the boot options are parsed by different programs and scripts during the booting process, roughly in this order:

* the isolinux bootloader
* the linux kernel
* /linuxrc , which can be found in /cdrom/boot/isolinux/miniroot.gz -> linuxrc
* /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig
* /etc/init.d/xsession
* /usr/sbin/mkxf86config
* /etc/init.d/knoppix-halt
* /etc/init.d/knoppix-reboot

For more information on passing boot parameters to the kernel, see 'man boot' and 'man bootparam'.

----

==== Updates ====
; Updated for Knoppix 3.1 2003-01-05 
; Updated for Knoppix 3.2 : desktop=gnome is no longer available... (use [http://www.gnoppix.org Gnoppix]).
; Updated for Knoppix 3.8.2
----

==== Links ====
* http://http://lists.debian.org/debian-knoppix/2009/11/msg00018.html -- Cheatcodes version 6.2.0 (From Klaus 20091111)
* http://www.knoppix.nl/5.3/knoppix-cheatcodes.txt -- Cheatcode version 5.3.
* http://www.kernel.org/pub/dist/knoppix-dvd/knoppix-cheatcodes.txt -- KNOPPIX V5.0.1 (last update: 12.05.2006)
* http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/BootPrompt-HOWTO.html
* http://www.cheatworld.net -- cheat codes library
* http://www.wlug.org.nz/bootparam%287%29
* [[kernel-parameters-2.6.11]]
* [[User:Ml#miniroot_changes]]: i added some new cheatcodes for exotic boot media (nocloop, fromiso, nbd, nfs etc). they're not supported by default so a new miniroot.gz is needed.

[[Category: Cheat Codes]]

Talk:Cheat Codes

2010-01-31T18:33:29Z

Capricorny: New section: New cheat code list for 6.x?

== On vga=? ==

Is '''vga=normal''' the same as '''vga=0''' ? And which component interprets the '''vga=''' cheatcode?
[[User:GUI Hopper|John]] 22:17, 1 July 2008 (BST)

== screen ==

screen= has no effect on Knoppix 6.1
[[User:mherweg]] 28 April 2009

Same here! with Knoppix 6.0.1 on VirtualBox [[User:ggeller]] 14 July 2009

== sony vaio ==

my sony vaio model PCG 6L1L started with option 2

knoppix acpi=off pnpbios=off noapic noapm

[[User:Odalcet|Odalcet]] 17:50, 13 July 2009 (MDT)

== New cheat code list for 6.x? ==

In order to avoid confusion and have a place to direct beginners, I think we should have a separate cheat code list for 6.x.