User:Ml

2008-07-16T02:30:28Z

222.234.151.216: oudelc

cdarboceltol
i worked on a customized knoppix cd, based on knoppix 4.0.2.
I'm posting my changes here in case they might be of use to others.

----

=== grub gfx boot ===

i wanted the cd to boot using grub instead of isolinux (can be used for repairs/diagnostics).
morphix and kanotix are both using a cute graphic grub menu, which gives easy access to
various knoppix cheatcodes, documentation etc.
This one's based on morphix, with slight ui changes (added dvorak keyboard layout, kept only french and english languages, updated doc and menus)

{| width="80%" cellpadding="5"
|[http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/gfxboot/grub_gfx.png http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/gfxboot/grub_gfx_sml.png]
|
| To try the bootloader in qemu, download [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/gfxboot/gfxboot.iso.bz2 gfxboot.iso.bz2], extract it and run <pre>qemu -cdrom gfxboot.iso</pre>
|}

grub files need to be setup under [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/cd_skel/boot/grub boot/grub] on the knoppix cd.

note: remember to make final iso image with :
<pre>
mkisofs -pad -l -f -r -J -V "MYKNOPPIX" -b boot/grub/iso9660_stage1_5 -c boot/grub/boot.cat -o
../myknoppix.iso -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 1 -boot-info-table knoppix_iso_directory
</pre>

boot/grub/message is a cpio archive which controls the ui. to recreate it you need the tools from
[http://www.morphix.org/debian/source/gfxboot_2.4.orig.tar.gz gfxboot_2.4.orig.tar.gz].

Then you can use
[http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/cd_skel/KNOPPIX/remaster/gfxboot-grub/gfxboot-grub-0.1_my.tgz gfxboot-grub-0.1_my.tgz]
to recreate message (based on [http://www.morphix.org/debian/source/morphix-iso-grubtheme_0.1-2.tar.gz morphix-iso-grubtheme_0.1-2.tar.gz])

=== dev setup ===

i wanted an easy way to test the remastered version from hd without having to reboot or create an iso each time, so i had another machine boot from the network just like knoppix terminal server, except with the current
state of my remastered version.

i got tired of having 2 different miniroots (one for the cd, one for netboot) so i merged the 2 together
(of course, the actual netboot miniroot still needs the right network modules added to it to work, but that's the only difference)

Also, knoppix terminal server still required a KNOPPIX cloop file, which i didn't want to create each time,
so i added a "nocloop" cheatcode to use the raw files instead.

There are issues when using nfs + unionfs directly (which normally don't occur in knoppix terminal server since
it's nfs + cloop + unionfs - note: "nfsro" unionfs mount option seems to fix it, but shouldn't be needed), so i ended up putting the remastered files in an ext2 filesystem in a loop file (knoppix_loop) and accessing that from the diskless client.

note: the netboot client still uses pxelinux - grub's network stuff didn't work for me

==== Example setup ====

for reference, here's my setup using nbd (nfs would work fine as well)

* /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf (the etherboot image didn't work for me, fortunately etherboot supports pxe as well, so it works with both pxe and etherboot clients)
<pre>
# dhcpd.conf for KNOPPIX terminalserver

# global settings
allow booting;
allow bootp;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 {
next-server 10.0.0.101;
# if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "Etherboot" { filename "etherboot.nbi"; }
# else { filename "pxelinux.0"; }
filename "pxelinux.0";
option subnet-mask 255.0.0.0;
range 10.0.0.201 10.0.0.250;
option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.138;
option routers 10.0.0.138;
}
</pre>

* /etc/nbd-server
<pre>
NBD_PORT[0]=1234
NBD_FILE[0]=/mnt/space/samba/share/isos/knoppix_loop
NBD_SERVER_OPTS[0]=-r
</pre>

* add to /etc/inetd.conf
<pre>
tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/in.tftpd in.tftpd -v -s /tftpboot
</pre>

* setup [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/tftpboot_nbd/ /tftpboot], copy [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/vmlinuz vmlinuz] and [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/miniroot/accelerated_knoppix/miniroot.gz miniroot.gz] in it

* tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default:
<pre>
DEFAULT vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=791 initrd=miniroot.gz quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix keyboard=dvorak xkeyboard=dvorak
TIMEOUT 300

PROMPT 1
DISPLAY boot.msg
LABEL knoppix
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=791 initrd=miniroot.gz quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix keyboard=dvorak xkeyboard=dvorak
LABEL normal
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=791 initrd=miniroot.gz quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix
LABEL debug
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off vga=normal initrd=miniroot.gz debug BOOT_IMAGE=debug keyboard=dvorak xkeyboard=dvorak
LABEL knoppix-txt
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=normal initrd=miniroot.gz BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix keyboard=dvorak xkeyboard=dvorak
LABEL expert
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=791 BOOT_IMAGE=expert initrd=miniroot.gz keyboard=dvorak xkeyboard=dvorak
LABEL fb1024x768
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=791 xmodule=fbdev initrd=miniroot.gz BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix keyboard=dvorak xkeyboard=dvorak
LABEL fb800x600
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=788 xmodule=fbdev initrd=miniroot.gz BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix keyboard=dvorak xkeyboard=dvorak
</pre>

* note: make sure you have the right network drivers inside miniroot.gz and the ips above are correct.

=== miniroot changes ===

i also wanted a way to boot from an iso image on the hd, without needing the physical cd at all (i have a notebook without cd drive, hence "bootfrom" cheatcode wouldn't work there). so i added a "fromiso" cheatcode, and direct support for reiserfs, ntfs and ext3 (i don't mind having a bigger miniroot)

lastly i merged changes from [http://www.alpha.co.jp/ac-knoppix/ accelerated knoppix], see next section for that.

download new miniroot: [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/miniroot/accelerated_knoppix/miniroot.gz miniroot.gz]

linuxrc:
[http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/miniroot/accelerated_knoppix/linuxrc new]
[http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/miniroot/orig/linuxrc original]
[http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/miniroot/accelerated_knoppix/linuxrc.diff diffs]

'''warning''': /home lives in unionfs in my version, not in ramdisk as in knoppix 4.0.2 (ie /home/knoppix already exists in the cloop image). If you don't want that, you should undo these diffs in linuxrc:
<pre>
-mkdir -p /ramdisk/tmp /ramdisk/home/knoppix && chmod 1777 /ramdisk/tmp && chown knoppix.knoppix /ramdisk/home/knoppix && ln -snf /ramdisk/home /home && mv /tmp /tmp.old && ln -s /ramdisk/tmp /tmp && rm -rf /tmp.old
+mkdir -p /ramdisk/tmp && chmod 1777 /ramdisk/tmp && mv /tmp /tmp.old && ln -s /ramdisk/tmp /tmp && rm -rf /tmp.old
</pre>
<pre>
- test "$i" = "home" -o "$i" = "tmp" && continue
+ test "$i" = "tmp" && continue
</pre>

==== new cheatcodes documentation ====

<pre>
* Alternative boot methods (ie not booting from cd).
Useful for testing while remastering knoppix.

knoppix nbdhost=10.0.0.1 mount filesystem on network block device
nbdport=1234 (nbd) served by specified host.
knoppix nfsdir=10.0.0.1:/knoppix mount nfs directory (*)
nodhcp don't ask for ip (diskless clients) (*)
knoppix fromiso=/dir/file.iso boot from iso directly. doesn't need cd
as bootfrom cheatcode.
knoppix nocloop don't mount a KNOPPIX cloop image. other
cheatcodes determine directory to use
as /KNOPPIX
knoppix loopfile=/dir/image mount filesystem on specified file
(implies nocloop)

(*) : same cheatcodes as available on knoppix-terminal-server clients.

Examples
========

Boot from knoppix iso on hd:
(the whole cd iso, not the KNOPPIX cloop file - compare with just fromhd=...)
knoppix fromhd=/dev/hda4 fromiso=/share/isos/knoppix_402.iso

Boot from ext2 filesystem in loop file /knoppix_loop on hd partition /dev/hda4:
knoppix fromhd=/dev/hda4 loopfile=/knoppix_loop

Boot from nfs on 10.0.0.101 serving content of knoppix cd (same as knoppix
terminal server):
knoppix nfsdir=10.0.0.101:/mnt/tmp nodhcp

Boot from nbd on 10.0.0.101 port 1234 serving same /knoppix_loop fileas above:
knoppix nocloop nbdhost=10.0.0.101 nbdport=1234 nodhcp

Filesystems
===========

The cd's initrd image supports the following filesystems
iso9660 reiserfs ext3 ext2 ntfs vfat
(original one only supports iso9660 ext2 vfat, so can't use fromhd on ntfs
for example. bootfrom has to be used instead, but requires the cd...)
</pre>

==== Poor man's install, grub and ntfs ====
Let's say we have a windows only pc, with just one ntfs partition.
We want a way to copy the cd to the hd so we don't need the cd anymore (poor man's install).

We'll install grub on hd so we don't even rely on the cd for booting. Except for that, we want minimal
changes done to the machine. especially, no repartitioning.

* First, we need a version of grub that can read ntfs, since that's the only place we can install it. From windows, install [http://grub4dos.sourceforge.net/ wingrub] using the boot.ini method.
* grub will look for things in C:/boot/grub. If there's a C:/grub instead, create boot directory and move it there.
* copy boot/vmlinuz and boot/miniroot.gz from knoppix cd to C:/boot/knoppix/
* copy cd's KNOPPIX/ directory to C:/
* edit C:/boot/grub/menu.lst :
<pre>
title Windows
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1

title My Knoppix
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/knoppix/vmlinuz fromhd lang=us ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=power-off nomce vga=791 quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix dma
initrd /boot/knoppix/miniroot.gz
</pre>
* If you don't want to install grub on the mbr stop here, otherwise go on.
* In wingrub make sure you do the base install.
* reboot, ntldr menu lets you choose between windows and grub. choose grub.
* press ESC or c to go to command line. type
root (hd0,0)
setup (hd0)
grub is now installed in mbr.
* reboot under windows this time, rerun wingrub. uninstall grub from boot.ini

=== accelerated knoppix ===

The guys at http://www.alpha.co.jp/ac-knoppix/ have optimized the knoppix cd layout and boot process so it boots in under 50 seconds on some pcs. the cd layout optimization is done with a profiler, and it's possible
to use it to speed up apps as well.

the main documentation is in japanese (which i don't speak), so here's what i figured of the [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/accelerated_knoppix/readme.txt optimization process] from
google automatic translation (
[http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/accelerated_knoppix/lcat_manual_eng.html manual] and a
[http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/accelerated_knoppix/accelerated_knoppix_tutorial.html tutorial]
).

Downloads: get lcat_1.0.tar.bz2 from http://sourceforge.jp/projects/lcat/

note: knoppix-terminal-server changes:
* build miniroot from /cdrom/boot/miniroot.gz (or prompt user) instead of building from scratch (so we reuse whatever cloop module is in there)

==== new cheatcodes documentation ====

<pre>
* Accelerated Knoppix

knoppix chkblk=10000 enable cloop profiling. profile data is
available in /proc/cloop/
knoppix nocbr don't use cloop readahead
knoppix noac45 don't use 45xession fixes
knoppix noacka don't use knoppix-autoconfig fixes
knoppix noacxs don't use xsession fixes
knoppix noacit don't use inittab fixes
knoppix noac don't use any boot script/progs fixes
</pre>

=== qemu ===

installed qemu 0.7.2 with kqemu accelerator

installed qemu gui: [http://emeitner.f2o.org/qemu_launcher qemu launcher]

additional scripts needed for networking :
* [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/qemu/qemu-ifup /etc/qemu-ifup] (edit to choose between bridge or forward setup)
* [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/qemu/qemu_bridge /usr/local/bin/qemu_bridge] : bridge virtual and ethernet interfaces
* [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/qemu/qemu_forward /usr/local/bin/qemu_forward] : use iptables to forward traffic to virtual interface
* [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/qemu/qemu_prelaunch /usr/local/bin/qemu_prelaunch] : qemu_launcher prelaunch script

=== misc ===

* added "xkeyboards" cheatcode to enable overriding of additional keyboard layouts (useful in addition to "keyboard" and "xkeyboard" cheatcodes if you want complete control over which layouts are there)

* got via_drv.o for xfree 4.3.0 from [http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~glaweh/debian/unichrome/xserver-xfree86_4.3.0.dfsg.1-10.1unichrome30.1_i386.deb xserver-xfree86_4.3.0.dfsg.1-10.1unichrome30.1_i386.deb], fixed /usr/share/hwdata/pcitable to use via xfree driver

* /home on unionfs instead of ramdisk to save ram (my /home/knoppix is much bigger after i install firefox extensions etc)

* in most scripts, replaced
<code>CMDLINE="$(cat /proc/cmdline)"</code> with
<code>CMDLINE=" $(cat /proc/cmdline) "</code>
to prevent bugs with keywords at the beginning/end when a leading/trailing space delimiter is looked for.

* script changes :
<br>
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
| /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig
| [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/knoppix-autoconfig new] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/knoppix-autoconfig.orig orig] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/knoppix-autoconfig.diff diff]
|"xkeyboards" cheatcode, create /dev/dvd
|-
| /etc/X11/Xsession.d/45xsession
| [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/45xsession new] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/45xsession.orig orig] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/45xsession.diff diff]
| changes needed to have /home on unionfs
|-
| /usr/sbin/knoppix-terminalserver
| [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/knoppix-terminalserver new] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/knoppix-terminalserver.orig orig] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/knoppix-terminalserver.diff diff]
| reuse miniroot from cd instead of building new one
|-
| /usr/sbin/mkxf86config
| [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/mkxf86config new] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/mkxf86config.orig orig] [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/changes/mkxf86config.diff diff]
|
|}

=== putting it all together ===

* get and extract [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/cd_skel.tar.bz2 cd_skel.tar.bz2]

* copy [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/vmlinuz vmlinuz] and [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/miniroot/accelerated_knoppix/miniroot.gz miniroot.gz] in boot/

* now you need a KNOPPIX cloop file with the above changes in KNOPPIX/. I can't distribute mine because it has copyrighted material in it, however you can create your own (these remaster [http://matthieu.lucotte.free.fr/myknoppix/TODO notes] might be of use)

* update md5sums:
<pre>
find -type f -not -name md5sums -not -name boot.cat -not -name iso9660_stage1_5 -exec md5sum '{}' \; > KNOPPIX/md5sums
</pre>

* make final iso image with :
<pre>
mkisofs -pad -l -f -r -J -V "MYKNOPPIX" -b boot/grub/iso9660_stage1_5 -c boot/grub/boot.cat -o
../myknoppix.iso -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 1 -boot-info-table knoppix_iso_directory
</pre>

* (optional) accelerated knoppix profiling (see above)

Knoppix Documentation Wiki - User contributions [en]

User:Ml