Knoppix Documentation Wiki - User contributions [en]

Knoppix Documentation Wiki talk:About

2008-07-16T08:03:40Z

121.100.50.7: getvarel

lidronelc

Network FAQ Deutsch

2008-07-15T19:19:38Z

121.100.50.7: liracliricol

eltracbas

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

Network FAQ Spanish

2008-07-15T19:03:56Z

121.100.50.7: erlalaol

letoch

[[Category : FAQ Page]]

KNOPPIX Terminal Server

2008-07-15T16:04:49Z

121.100.50.7: varoudompas

zelelcooure
==Preamble==

*This page describes how to boot KNOPPIX 5.1.1 (outdated) from the network using Samba (as opposed to NFS).
*The original author of this document, [[User:Rjent|Rjent]], moved his efforts to working on http://live.debian.net/ .
*You are still welcome to contact him about the model however (please bare with him since he has a busy day job).

==Model==

* Most of the this information is an exert from a paper on the model at http://www.mgr3.k12.mo.us/~rjn103s/HybridNotes-20060504-1.pdf
The methodology for the hybrid environment uses a Common Internet File System (CIFS)
to boot up KNOPPIX. The base work for this model utilizes existing resources and information
from http://knoppix.manty.net

== TFTP Server Setup ==
We start by configuring a TFTP server. It will serve the bootloader (PXELINUX) files which our client machines will load from the network and run even before starting the Linux/KNOPPIX kernel.

For this guide, we want our TFTP server to use <tt>/var/lib/tftpboot/</tt> as the root directory.
How you configure that depends on which tftp server you use (tftp-hpa, atftp, or other)
and how you run it (inetd, xinetd, init daemon, ...).

For example, tftp-hpa can be started from inetd with this line in <tt>/etc/inetd.conf</tt>:
tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/in.tftpd /usr/sbin/in.tftpd -s /var/lib/tftpboot

== Samba Share Setup ==
Next we need to setup a Samba share which will host the KNOPPIX CD filesystem. The network client machines will access this share as if they were accessing the files from a regular KNOPPIX Live CD.

Samba provides the CIFS services out of the box. All we have to do is configure a share.
An example smb.conf is listed below:
[global]
netbios name = HYBRIDSERVER
security = share
guest account = nobody
[knoppix_share-5.1.1]
comment = Knoppix 5.1.1 Boot Data
path = /shares/knoppix-term-5.1.1
read only = Yes
guest ok = Yes
'''Note1:''' you need 'security = share' for (passwordless) guest access to work

'''Note2:''' you need to make sure that there exists a Unix user 'guest' on the server (in /etc/passwd)

'''Note3:''' After changes to smb.conf you will need to restart samba services.

== DHCP Server Setup ==
After that, we setup a DHCP server. It will provide required values that allow the client to configure its network interface, and to download a bootfile.

'''Note:''' This guide will assume that your server machine has an IP of 192.168.12.253

Example entry in the dhcpd.conf file:
subnet 192.168.12.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.12.251 192.168.12.252;
option broadcast-address 192.168.12.255;
filename "/pxelinux.0";
}
'''Note2:''' Make sure to use the subnet, netmask, broadcast-address and the IP range of your test network.

'''Note2:''' After changes to dhcpd.conf restart or reload dhcp services.

== Setting Up Knoppix Boot files ==
Now it's time to populate the Samba and TFTP server shares with relevant files.

Start by downloading a [http://www.knopper.net/knoppix-mirrors/index-en.html KNOPPIX 4.0.2 (or newer) iso]

Temporarily mount it (or burn it on a CD)
mount -o loop /iso/KNOPPIX_V5.1.1CD-2007-01-04-EN.iso /mnt/iso

Setup a Knoppix terminal pxeboot subdirectory
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/knoppix

Download miniroot.gz from http://knoppix.manty.net and put it in the just created directory
wget http://knoppix.manty.net/files/511/miniroot.gz -O /var/lib/tftpboot/knoppix/miniroot-5.1.1.gz

Copy the kernel from the Knoppix CD to the pxeboot subdirectory
cp /mnt/iso/boot/isolinux/linux /var/lib/tftpboot/knoppix/kernel-5.1.1

Copy the KNOPPIX folder from the KNOPPIX CD to a shared directory on the server
rsync -a --delete /mnt/iso/KNOPPIX/ /shares/knoppix-term-5.1.1/KNOPPIX

Cleanup the temporarily mounted directory
umount /mnt/iso

== Configure PXELINUX ==
PXELINUX is a boot loader which actually loads the Linux/KNOPPIX kernel on the client machines and tell them where to find the root filesystem.
Thus we configure PXELINUX with relevant information.

Add the following lines to your <tt>/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default</tt> file:
LABEL Knoppix 5.1.1 CIFS
KERNEL knoppix/kernel-5.1.1
APPEND secure nfsdir=//192.168.12.253/knoppix_share-5.1.1 nodhcp lang=en ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=poweroff nomce vga=791 initrd=miniroot-5.1.1.gz quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix

'''Note:''' the above APPEND line must appear as a single line in your <tt>pxelinux.cfg/default</tt> file

If you would like to have a text-only client terminal, then you can make a copy of the above text in the <tt>/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default</tt> file and just add "2" to the knoppix options:
LABEL Knoppix 5.1.1 CIFS
KERNEL knoppix/kernel-5.1.1
APPEND secure nfsdir=//192.168.12.253/knoppix_share-5.1.1 nodhcp lang=en ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init apm=poweroff nomce vga=791 initrd=miniroot-5.1.1.gz quiet 2 BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix

== Configure Client Machines to boot from PXE ==
This is a crucial step. Unless your machines can actually boot from the network,
none of the above is going to be of any use!
Unfortunately, each and every BIOS has its own way of being configured for PXE booting
and it's not feasible to document any of that here.
If you do not have this working, a good start would be to read [http://www.kegel.com/linux/pxe.html Dan Kegel's Remote Network Boot via PXE page].

== Testing ==
After all the hard work, it is time to enjoy the fruits of your labor.

*Connect a PXE enabled test machine to the 192.168.12.0 network
*power it on
*wait...
*enjoy!

== Customizing miniroot.gz ==

The Knoppix Terminal Server script (knoppix-terminalserver) creates a miniroot.gz to be used as the initial ramdisk file to boot up the PXE'd knoppix. Sometimes, it is necessary to modify this miniroot.gz to take into account your own customizations that will be required on the PXE'd knoppix.

If you just need a custom linuxrc, then just put your custom linuxrc script into /usr/share/knoppix-terminalserver/templates/miniroot/ and re-run the knoppix-terminalserver script so that it takes your customized linuxrc. That's it. You can skip reading the rest of this section.

If you need to make deeper changes in the knoppix terminal server miniroot.gz file, however, here's how:

* Run the knoppix-terminalserver script so that it sets up knoppix terminal server.
* Copy the miniroot.gz file from /tftpboot/ to some location where it can be edited. I usually choose a different computer for this (Gentoo!)
* Unzip the miniroot.gz file
gunzip miniroot.gz
* This will create a ''miniroot'' file from the miniroot.gz file.
* Create a directory to loopback-mount this miniroot file
mkdir /mnt/minirootloop
* Loopback-mount the unzipped miniroot file as an EXT2 filesystem
mount -o loop,rw -t ext2 miniroot /mnt/minirootloop/
* This mounts the miniroot file as a loopback device and you can now cd into it if you wish.
cd /mnt/minirootloop
* Make whatever changes you want in the /mnt/minirootloop/ directory
* Unmount the /mnt/minirootloop loopback device (remember to cd out of /mnt/minirootloop before unmounting it)
umount /mnt/minirootloop
* cd into the original directory where the miniroot file exists (where you first gunzipped it)
* Create the new miniroot.gz file with the changes you made as follows:
dd if=./miniroot bs=9500k count=1 | gzip -9v > miniroot.gz
* Copy your brand spanking new miniroot.gz into the /tftpboot directory of your knoppix terminal server
* PXE boot a client computer
* Watch your new miniroot customizations take effect.
* Enjoy.

== Updating ==
Updating the Knoppix Terminal server to newer versions of Knoppix is difficult, but theoretically doable. In general, you have to re-do the following steps:
* repeat the [[#Samba Share Setup]] to create a share for storing the new Knoppix disk image
* re-do the [[#Setting Up Knoppix Boot files]] step in new directories
** this is where it gets hard. There is no updated miniroot available for CIFS network booting. Based on initial investigation, creating an updated miniroot for Knoppix 5.3.1 will be non-trivial. One could start this task by examining the differences between the vanilla 5.1.1 miniroot and the cifs 5.1.1 miniroot as follows:

cp /var/lib/tftpboot/knoppix/miniroot-5.1.1.gz /tmp/
gunzip /tmp/miniroot-5.1.1.gz
mkdir /mnt/cifs-miniroot
mount -o loop /tmp/miniroot-5.1.1 /mnt/cifs-miniroot
mkdir /mnt/knoppix-5.1.1-cd
mount -o loop KNOPPIX_V5.1.1CD-2007-01-04-EN.iso /mnt/knoppix-5.1.1-cd/
mkdir /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot
cp /mnt/knoppix-5.1.1-cd/boot/isolinux/minirt.gz /tmp
gunzip /tmp/minirt.gz
mount -o loop /tmp/minirt /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot
# remove irrelevant device files
rm -rf /mnt/{vanilla-5.1.1,cifs}-miniroot/dev
diff -qr /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot /mnt/cifs-miniroot
diff: /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/bin: No such file or directory
diff: /mnt/cifs-miniroot/bin: No such file or directory
diff: /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/boot: No such file or directory
diff: /mnt/cifs-miniroot/boot: No such file or directory
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/etc: init
Only in /mnt/cifs-miniroot/etc: inittab.secure
diff: /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/etc/ld.so.conf: No such file or directory
diff: /mnt/cifs-miniroot/etc/ld.so.conf: No such file or directory
Files /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/etc/mtab and /mnt/cifs-miniroot/etc/mtab differ
Only in /mnt/cifs-miniroot/etc: nsswitch.conf
Only in /mnt/cifs-miniroot/etc: rpc
Only in /mnt/cifs-miniroot/etc: services
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/KNOPPIX: bin
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/KNOPPIX: boot
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/KNOPPIX: etc
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/KNOPPIX: lib
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/KNOPPIX: opt
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/KNOPPIX: sbin
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/KNOPPIX: usr
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/KNOPPIX: var
diff: /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/lib: No such file or directory
Files /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/linuxrc and /mnt/cifs-miniroot/linuxrc differ
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/media: fd0
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/media: hd
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/media: test
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: a100u2w.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: advansys.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: aic7xxx.ko
Only in /mnt/cifs-miniroot/modules: aufs.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: BusLogic.ko
Only in /mnt/cifs-miniroot/modules: cloop.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: dc395x.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: dtc.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: eata.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: ehci-hcd.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: fdomain.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: ff-memless.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: gdth.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: ieee1394.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: initio.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: libusual.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: loop.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: mptbase.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: mptscsih.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: NCR53c406a.ko
Only in /mnt/cifs-miniroot/modules: net
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: ohci1394.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: ohci-hcd.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: pas16.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: psi240i.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: sbp2.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: sym53c8xx.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: t128.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: tmscsim.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: u14-34f.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: uhci-hcd.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: ultrastor.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: usbcore.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: usbhid.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: usb-storage.ko
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/modules: wd7000.ko
diff: /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/opt: No such file or directory
diff: /mnt/cifs-miniroot/opt: No such file or directory
diff: /mnt/cifs-miniroot/sbin: No such file or directory
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/static: fusermount
Only in /mnt/cifs-miniroot/static: ifconfig
diff: /mnt/cifs-miniroot/static/init: No such file or directory
Files /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/static/insmod and /mnt/cifs-miniroot/static/insmod differ
Only in /mnt/cifs-miniroot/static: mount
Only in /mnt/cifs-miniroot/static: mount.cifs
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/static: ntfs-3g
Only in /mnt/cifs-miniroot/static: portmap
Only in /mnt/cifs-miniroot/static: pump
Only in /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/static: rmmod
diff: /mnt/cifs-miniroot/static/sh: No such file or directory
diff: /mnt/vanilla-5.1.1-miniroot/usr: No such file or directory
diff: /mnt/cifs-miniroot/usr: No such file or directory
Only in /mnt/cifs-miniroot: var

* finally [[#Configure PXELINUX]] to add a new menu entry to point to the new boot files

==References==
* [http://knoppix.manty.net/ The KNOPPIXÂ® terminal server over SMB/CIFS page] - The place where all the starting work was derived.
* [http://live.debian.net/ Debian Live]
* [http://www.mgr3.k12.mo.us/~rjn103s/HybridNotes-20060504-1.pdf Hybrid Booting Model]
* [http://pxe.dev.aboveaverageurl.com/index.php/PXE_Booting/Knoppix a similar, but outdated guide]
* [http://www.kegel.com/linux/pxe.html Remote Network Boot via PXE]
* [http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/tftp/ tftp-hpa]
* [http://dhcpcd.berlios.de/ dhcpcd]
* [http://us3.samba.org/samba/ samba]

[[Category:Guide]]
[[Category:Booting]]
[[Category:Networking]]

Debootstrap to x86-64 LiveCD

2008-07-15T15:17:57Z

121.100.50.7: vilibocoloou

lichier
Welcome to the Knoppix 64 / 64bit / AMD64 / EM64T / Knoppix64 LiveCD

==preamble==

*PLEASE if anyone knows where to find the patches for the knoppix kernel please send me an email: jupiterproject at gmail dot com, thanks!
*In Development by [[User:SNIa|SNIa]] 05:05, 10 Jul 2006 (GMT)
*Using the [http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/sarge-amd64/iso-cd/debian-31r0a-amd64-netinst.iso Debian Net-inst CD] as a base, still very alpha.

==Variables==

#!/bin/bash

SOURCEDIR=/mnt/hda1/source/KNOPPIX64
MASTERDIR=/mnt/hda1/master/KNOPPIX64
ARCH=amd64
DEBIAN_RELEASE=sarge
DEBIAN_MIRROR=http://amd64.debian.net/debian-pure64/

==Set Up the Environment==

mkdir -p ${SOURCEDIR}
mkdir -p ${MASTERDIR}

==DeBootstrap==

debootstrap --arch ${ARCH} ${DEBIAN_RELEASE} ${SOURCEDIR} ${DEBIAN_MIRROR}
cp /etc/resolv.conf ${SOURCEDIR}/etc/.

==Now Chroot and set up environment==
chroot ${SOURCEDIR} \
/usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM=$TERM \
PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
/bin/bash --login

mount proc -t proc proc

cd /dev && ./MAKEDEV generic

#ensure /etc/apt/sources.list is setup correclty

apt-get update
apt-get install locales

apt-get install \
gawk \
perl \
perl-modules \
console-tools \
console-data \
console-common \
pciutils \
udev \
dhcp3-common \
binutils \
debhelper \
dpkg-dev \
file \
gettext \
html2text \
intltool-debian \
libmagic1 \
make \
patch \
po-debconf \
bzip2 \
cpp \
cpp-3.3 \
gcc-3.3 \
libc6-dev \
linux-kernel-headers

libvolume-id0 \ #not in repository
linux-sound-base \ #not in repository
ndiswrapper-utils \ #not in repository
ndiswrapper-common \ #not in repository
ndiswrapper-utils-1.1 \ #not in repository
libdb4.4 \ #not in repository
libpci2 \ #not in repository

== Custom Kernel ==
# Download the latest stable 2.6 kernel
# Extract
# Configure
# Make, make modules, make modules_install
# Set up kernel
# Some notes found here http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=21145

tar -xjf /path/to/linux-2.X.YY.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src
cd /usr/src
ln -s linux-2.X.YY linux
cd linux
cp /boot/config-2.6.11 .config
make oldconfig
make menuconfig
make
make modules
make modules_install
cd include
ln -s asm-i386 asm
cd ..
cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.X.YY
cp System.map /boot/System.map-2.X.YY
cp .config /boot/config-2.X.YY
cd /boot
rm config System.map vmlinuz
ln -s config-2.X.YY config
ln -s System.map-2.X.YY System.map
ln -s vmlinuz-2.X.YY vmlinuz

=== Compressed Filesystem ===
Choose either cloop or squashfs
====cloop====
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloop
**Found here http://debian-knoppix.alioth.debian.org/sources/cloop_2.04-1.tar.gz
**Support on cloop seems to be scattered? No home page? No listing on freshmeat?

make KERNEL_DIR=path to kernel

====SquashFS====
*squashfs: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SquashFS (may be using squashfs)
*http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=63835
*HOWTO http://www.artemio.net/projects/linuxdoc/squashfs/SquashFS-HOWTO.html

cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.17
patch -p1 < ../squashfs3.0/linux-2.6.15/squashfs3.0-patch
make menuconfig
select File systems, misc file systems, select squashfs as built in module.
make
make modules
make modules_install

=== unionfs module ===
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionfs
*http://www.filesystems.org/project-unionfs.html

==TO DO==
*Custom Kernel
*cloop module
*unionfs module
*Make a custom minirt.gz file
*(compared from [[Debootstrap to LiveCD]]) Install Custom Kernel Configuration (now 64 bit)

==notes==
*See sister project for comparison [[Debootstrap to LiveCD]]

[[Category: Remastering Knoppix ]]

Samba

2008-07-15T12:36:08Z

121.100.50.7: varletozel

ouellic
[[samba]] is a Tool for sharing files. [[samba]] uses the smb-protocol. A [[Linux]] computer can provide shares for Win9X/NT Systems if [[samba]] is installed and properly configured. The latest Version is 3.X. See http://www.samba.org for more information. The 4.x release will provide Active directory support.

Symlink

2008-07-15T08:53:37Z

121.100.50.7: aceldelacel

paserelororc
[[symlink]] -- make symbolic link to a file

{{page-stub}}

Bugs/5.20

2008-07-15T01:54:36Z

121.100.50.7: libocdron

domchiele
1) I think I have found 3 typos in the /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig script.
Klaus, I hope that this patch will be of some help for the next release:
[http://s94002264.onlinehome.us/grub/knoppix-autoconfig_520.diff http://s94002264.onlinehome.us/grub/knoppix-autoconfig_520.diff]
[http://s94002264.onlinehome.us/grub/knoppix-autoconfig_520.zip http://s94002264.onlinehome.us/grub/knoppix-autoconfig_520.zip]
Best Regards, Gilles van Ruymbeke

PS: I found this when working on the ntfs iso boot minird and
on a knoppix 5.2 vmware 6 virtual machine, cf:
[http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=112830#112830 http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=112830#112830]

2) It looks like that the lang=us kernel cheat code
changes the keyboad mapping but not the menus yet...

--- Please add the next bug report here ---

Kernel/arch

2008-07-14T21:36:48Z

121.100.50.7: oulielolod

licalimo
kernel/arch/
kernel/arch/i386
kernel/arch/i386/kernel
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/apm.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpu
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/acpi-cpufreq.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/cpufreq-nforce2.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/gx-suspmod.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/longrun.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/p4-clockmod.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/powernow-k6.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/powernow-k7.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/powernow-k8.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/speedstep-centrino.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/speedstep-ich.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/speedstep-lib.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/speedstep-smi.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/cpuid.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/microcode.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/msr.ko
kernel/arch/i386/kernel/scx200.ko
kernel/arch/i386/crypto
kernel/arch/i386/crypto/aes-i586.ko

Crontab

2008-07-14T19:49:24Z

121.100.50.7: elchil

dronlaacctr
Scheduling jobs on [[linux]] requires two parts. The first part is having the crond daemon running. The second part is using the [[crontab]] command to create a schedule. The schedule is a list of jobs with times that you'd like to have run.

There are two versions of the command that you will use most of the time.

crontab -e
To edit your crontab file.

crontab -l
To list your crontab file.

crontab -l > crontabbackup.txt
Another useful variation of the -l, list your crontab, allows you to send the schedule to a file.

crontab crontabbackup.txt
If you use the crontab -l option and send the output to a file as was shown in the prior command example, you can take that schedule and import it into another schedule. All you have to do is use [[crontab]] and supply your backed up schedule file. This is a great trick for [[knoppix]]. The creative use of this format of the command would be import your schedule from a [[USB]] thumb drive or a hard drive partion. You could even store the file on a MS Windows partition as long as the file is in [[linux]] format verse MS Dos format.

man 5 crontab
Use this man command read about the formatting requirements for your '''/etc/crontab''' file.

Note: Two classes of user will use this command. <br>
A user or the "root" user. Although, almost every Linux system, I've ran '''crontab -e''' as "root" '''does not''' support it. <br>
In other words, if you are Sys Admin (root). Just '''vi /etc/crontab'''.

== External links ==
* [http://www.math-linux.com/spip.php?article45 Crontab : Scheduling Tasks]
[[Category:Useful Linux Commands]]

* [http://www.hxpi.com/cron_sandbox.php A safe place to experiment with crontab commands is Cron Sandbox at HxPI where you can see straightaway a future schedule of run times for whatever crontab parameters you type in.]

Package

2008-07-14T14:56:36Z

121.100.50.7: olorocelli

acelletol
letobasdo
* [[apt]]
* [[dpkg]]

==== Alien ====
Alien is a computer program that converts between different Linux package distribution file formats. It supports conversion between Linux Standard Base LSB, Red Hat Package Management RPM, deb, Stampede (.slp) and Slackware (tgz) packages.

If not really installed, you can install it using [[Synaptic]].

* [http://kitenet.net/programs/alien/ alien home page]

==== See also: ====

*[http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxnut4/chapter/index.html oreilly linuxnut]

Knoppix Remastering Howto Indonesian

2008-07-14T13:27:16Z

121.100.50.7: chilaacelv

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[http://sar-iong.iespana.es/text/calendario-enoteca.htm calendario enoteca] == Terjemahan: ==
* Versi Jerman: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Deutsch]]
* Versi Spanyol: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Spanish]] en espaÃ±ol
* Versi Perancis: [[Knoppix Remastering Howto French]]
* Versi Bahasa Indonesia : [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Indonesian]]
----

== Lihat Juga : ==
* Jika anda ingin menambah custom untuk kernel, lihat [[Knoppix Custom Kernel Howto]]
* Ada juga petunjuk di O'Reilly pada topik yang sama : [[http://linux.oreillynet.com/lpt/a/4323 Using and Customizing Knoppix]]
----
=== Ini adalah petunjuk yang akan memperlihatkan kepada anda bagaimana caranya membuat master KNOPPIX kembali ===
(Catatan : command seharusnya tampil dalam satu baris, jadi mohon maksimalkan window. Jika anda punya komentar/saran silakan tuliskan di bawah.)

Anda bisa mulai dari Knoppix yang sudah dikustomisasi, jadi anda tidak harus melakukan banyak hal (seperti memindahkan program). Jika anda ingin melakukannya, lihat [[Knoppix Customizations]].

==== Kebutuhan System : ====
*CD-ISO
** setidaknya perlu total 1 GB FREE RAM Swap (mis. 256M ram, and 750M swap HARUS TERSEDIA) (atau bisa lain jika anda memakai program kompresi yang lain - Lihat di halaman ini untuk compressloop)
** 3 GB free di '''Linux filesystem (ext2/3, xfs, etc.)''' dalam partisi disk yang sudah diformat
*DVD-ISO
** 5 GB free RAM swap (untuk pngisian penuh DVD)
** 15 GB free di '''Linux filesystem (ext2/3, xfs, etc.)''' dalam partisi disk yang sudah diformat

'''Bold text'''==== Instruksi : ====

# Boot dari ''CD Knoppix''
# buka root shell:
** Menu: Kmenu->Knoppix->Root Shell
** Catatan: Semua command di bawah ini dijalankan dari root shell.
# Buat konfigurasi koneksi Internet anda (kita memerlukannya nanti). Jika anda menggunakan DHCP, seharusnya sudah terkonfigurasi.
** Catatn: Jalankan '''ifconfig''' untuk mengecek.
# Tentukan partisi yang akan anda gunakan untuk bekerja. Di contoh ini disebut '''hda1''' . Partisi sebaiknya mempunyai minimum 3 GB free space
# Partisi lalu di-mount:
** '''mount -rw /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1'''
** Catatan: Pastikan bahwa partisi punya kondisi read/write atau anda akan mendapat error ketika anda melakukan chroot nanti. Untuk mengecek: jalankan '''mount'''
# Buat direktori root untuk bekerja:
** '''mkdir /mnt/hda1/knx'''
** Jika anda meletakkan file-file anda disini dan akan lebih mudah untuk dibersihkan
# Jika anda tidak mempunyai 1 GB RAM ('''cat /proc/meminfo''' (physical swap)) maka anda akan perlu swapfile:
** '''cd /mnt/hda1/knx ; dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1M count=750 ; mkswap swapfile ; swapon swapfile'''
# Buat 2 direktori, satu untuk CD MASTER baru anda, satu untuk source, dalam sebuah partisi disk. Juga buat tambahan direktori di dalam nama KNOPPIX:
** '''mkdir -p /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX'''
** '''mkdir -p /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX'''
# Sekarang, kopi file-file KNOPPIX ke direktori source anda:
'''cp -Rp /KNOPPIX/*''' '''/mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX '''
** Catatan: Ini akan membutuhkan waktu beberapa saat
# Kopi halaman utama HTML untuk halaman startup:
** '''cp /cdrom/index.html /mnt/hda1/knx/master/ '''
# Kopi semua file yang dibutuhkan kecuali ~700 Mb file KNOPPIX.
** < 3.4: '''cd /cdrom/KNOPPIX;find . -size -10000k -type f -exec cp -p --parents '{}' /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/ \;'''
** 3.4: '''cd /cdrom;find . -size -10000k -type f -exec cp -p --parents '{}' /mnt/hda1/knx/master/ \;'''
# Sekarang anda dapat melakukan "chroot" ke dalam KNOPPIX yang sudah terkopi:
** '''chroot /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX'''

Jika anda mendapat banyak error '''/dev/null permission denied''', coba lakukan berikut ini. Ini dapat terjadi jika anda menyimpan konfigurasi data Knoppix anda ke dalam partisi yang sama yang sedang anda pakai disini, DAN jika anda memulai dengan Knoppix dengan '''knoppix home=scan'''.

Cek status mount anda jika anda menemui masalah: '''mount /dev/hdaX on /mnt/hdaX type ext3 (rw,nosuid,nodev)''' (ganti X dengan nomor partisi anda) dimana "nodev" berarti anda tidak punya akses di filesystem yang di-mount dan anda tidak dapat mengakses /dev/null. Dan output dari beberapa script diarahkan ke /dev/null... Untuk memecahkan masalah ini anda sebaiknya me-mount partisi target sebelum melakukan chroot
seperti di bawah ini:
^d # control d akan keluar dari chroot
mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1
Seharusnya anda akan melihat:
mount /dev/hda1 on /mnt/hda1 type ext3 (rw)

Jika peringatan timbul dari /dev/null maka sebelum chroot lakukan :
mount --bind /dev /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/dev
Anda harus umount /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/dev sebelum membuat image CD atau direktori /dev anda di dalam CD akan berantakan!

Kemudian anda dapat melanjutkan lagi dan lakukan chroot.

* Sekarang anda sudah chroot. "/" sebenarnya adalah "/mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX"
* Untuk menggunakan internet anda perlu melakukan mount proc '''mount -t proc /proc proc'''
* Sekarang edit /etc/resolv.conf dan tambahkan nameserver anda atau "exit" chroot dan kopi resolve.conf ke dalam folder chroot: '''cp /etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf to /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf'''
* Juga ubah smb.conf ke dalam MS group anda jika anda ingin support dari smbd (MSHOME adalah selalu milik XP Home edition., dan WORKGROUP adalah milik Windows 9x.
* cek koneksi internet anda yang sudah di-chroot: '''ping google.com'''
* Lakukan update di package list anda dengan '''apt-get update'''
* Sekarang anda dapat mengubah/menggantinya.
* '''Peringatan''': apt-get upgrade BUKAN IDE YANG BAGUS. Ini,kemungkinan besar, akan me-render KNOPPIX remaster anda menjadi tidak dapat di-boot, atau rusak dalam beberapa hal. Metode yang jauh lebih aman adalah dengan hanya melakukan paket upgrade yang diperlukan saja.
** Sebelum anda dapat menambah paket, anda mungkin akan perlu untuk memindahkan/menghapus beberapa paket. Untuk mendapatkan daftar paket yang sudah di-install, ketik:
'''*''' '''dpkg-query -l'''
** Jika anda ingin mengurutkan daftar paket menurut besarnya paket (dengan cara ini anda dapat membuang paket yang besar-besar), ketik:
'''*''' '''dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Installed-Size} ${Package}\n' | sort -n'''
** Untuk menghapus sebuah paket (dan semua paket yang ber-ketergantungan dengannya), ketik:
'''*''' '''apt-get remove <name-of-package-to-remove>'''
** Untuk mengecek paket orphaned, ketik:
'''*''' '''deborphan'''
** Ingin punya tambahan space dengan menghapus semua paket-paket orphans (tega bener!), ketik ('''Peringatan''', anda tidak akan mendapat peringatan prompt yes/no untuk menghapus paket-paket ini. Begitu anda menekan Enter setelah command ini, paket-paket '''akan hilang selamanya'''):
'''*''' '''deborphan | xargs apt-get -y remove'''
** Jika anda tidak yakin dengan command sebelumnya dan ingin melihat apa yang akan terjadi tanpa membuat perubahan, tambahkan saja option '''-s''' ke command apt-get seperti berikut ini (anda dapat lakukan ini dengan semua command apt-get, dan adalah kebiasaan yang baik untuk menggunakan option ini sebelum sebelum melakukan operasi besar seperti ini):
'''*''' '''deborphan | xargs apt-get -s -y remove'''
** Sekarang hal yang bagus. Jika anda ingin menambah sebuah paket, ketik:
'''*''' '''apt-get install <nama paket yang di-install>'''
** Apa, tidak tahu paket-paket apa yang mau di-install? ketik ini. Saat daftar tampil, anda dapat peruse (lebih dari 13k baris!) atau mencari dengan menggunakan '''/<search-term>''':
'''*''' '''apt-cache search .* | sort | less'''
** Jika anda sudah selesai menghapus dan menambah paket, cara yang bagus untuk membersihkannya adalah dengan mengetik:
'''*''' '''COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' | xargs dpkg -P'''
** Juga, karena sistem paket Debian tetap mempertahankan paket yang ter-download dalam cache, anda bisa menjalankan ini untuk membersihkan file-file tersebut:
'''*''' '''apt-get clean'''
** user setting ada di /etc/skel
** tips: jangan menaruh file-file di dalam /root, file-file ini hanya akan tersedia (saat runtime) dalam /KNOPPIX/root
* Lakukan Unmount /proc - sangat penting! '''umount /proc'''
* Tekan '''CTRL D''' untuk meninggalkan chroot.

==== Catatan : ====

Ketika mengetes program berbasis X, anda akan harus melakukan '''export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0'''

Ketika anda ingin melakukan autorun untuk beberapa program, anda dapat membuat sebuah script dan meletakkannya ke dalam direktori /etc/rc5.d/ (Ini hanya akan me-load item-item sebelum X di-load)

Hal-hal menarik dalam /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig :

* File background X adalah /cdrom/KNOPPIX/background.gif '''(di knoppix 3.4: background.jpg)'''
* juga di floppyconfig, ada cdromconfig yang akan menjalankan cdrom/KNOPPIX/knoppix.sh

Hal-hal menarik dalam /etc/init.d/xsession :
* ini JUGA akan mengeset background sebagai /usr/local/lib/knoppix.gif

Sekarang, kita akan membuat file ISO :

* Kita sudah selesai mengkustomisasi dan siap untuk membakar CD!
* pertama lakukan pembersihan : ''' remove .bash_history files, tmp files etc '''
* '''rm -rf /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/.rr_moved'''
* Sekarang kita akan membuat file KNOPPIX besar yang sebenarnya adalah sebuah sistem file cloop ISO 9660 yang terkompress : '''mkisofs -R -U -V "KNOPPIX.net filesystem" -publisher "KNOPPIX www.knoppix.net" -hide-rr-moved -cache-inodes -no-bak -pad /mnt/hda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX | nice -5 /usr/bin/create_compressed_fs - 65536 > /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX'''

Kata-kata "www.knoppix.net" and "Knoppix.net filesystem" dapat diubah sesuai dengan yang anda inginkan. Anda akan mendapat error bahwa itu tidak sesuai dengan ISO standards, anda tidak usah menghiraukannya.

Di Knoppix 3.4, create_compressed_fs script sudah di-update jadi pastikan untuk memakainya untuk mendapatkan hasil terbaik.
Ini punya opsi baru yaitu '''-b''' (best), yang membolehkan kompresi terbaik dengan menggunakan skema kompresi yang berbeda dan mencoba untuk mengoptimalkannya, tapi hati-hati, sebab opsi ini berjalan lambat (10x lebih lambat).

* jika semuanya berjalan dengan baik, sekarang kita akan membuat image CD-ROM final :
* '''cd /mnt/hda1/knx/master'''
* '''rm -f KNOPPIX/md5sums; find -type f -not -name md5sums -not -name boot.cat -not -name isolinux.bin -exec md5sum '{}' \; >> KNOPPIX/md5sums''' (ini akan meng-update kode dari file md5 yang sudah termasuk dalam ISO, digunakan untuk cek integritas dari file)
* untuk Knoppix <= 3.3: '''mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -b KNOPPIX/boot.img -c KNOPPIX/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso /mnt/hda1/knx/master''' (ISO disimpan di /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso)
* untuk Knoppix >= 3.4 atau distribusi isolinux yang lain lakukan:
'''mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso /mnt/hda1/knx/master''' (the ISO is stored in /mnt/hda1/knx/knoppix.iso)
* Selesai!

=== Tips ===
Jika anda sedang mencari paket-paket besar yang sudah di-install, commandnya adalah
: dpkg-awk "Status: .* installed$" -- Package Installed-Size | \
: awk '{print $2}' | egrep -v '^$' | xargs -n2 echo | \
: perl -pe 's/(\S )\s(\S )/$2 $1/' | sort -rg
akan memperlihatkan daftar paket-paket menurut besarnya dalam urutan mengecil.
Paling tidak sepuluh kali lebih cepat adalah command

: dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Installed-Size} ${Package}\n' | sort -n

dan anda tidak perlu dpkg-awk atau awk atau perl.

Jika anda punya masalah dengan command di atas, coba gunakan KPackage, expand semua cabang files dan urutkan dengan ukuran kolom untuk menemukan paket-paket yang besar.

Cek program "deborphan", program ini akan menampilkan daftar paket-paket orphan yang bisa anda hapus, paket-paket ini sebelumnya digunakan oleh paket-paket yang sekarang dihapus.

Saya sudah pernah mendapatkan hasil kerja remastering yang bagus dari cd sebagai root bekerja dari fluxbox. Cukup bilang "knoppix 2" di boot prompt dan ini akan mem-boot anda ke root prompt dimana anda kemudian dapat bilang "startx /usr/bin/fluxbox". Saya suka memakai shell xterm unicode.

Saat bekerja sebagai chroot, dalam melakukan remastering, saya suka memakai "apt-get remove --purge pkg-name" untuk menghapus/memindahkan paket-paket sebab sebelum semuanya berjalan, ini akan berhenti dan menampilkan detil apa-apa yang di-fix untuk dihapus dan membolehkan anda untuk bilang "yes atau no".

Jika anda tidak menggunakan instruksi "apt-get" di atas dan ada banyak paket yang harus di bersihkan, ini cara yang paling mudah untuk melakukannya: "COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' >topurge". Ini akan membuat sebuah daftar dari semua paket yang di-remove menjadi purge dan anda cukup bilang "dpkg -P `cat topurge `" dan selesai. "COLUMNS=200 dpkg -l |grep ^rc |awk '{print $2} ' | xargs dpkg -P" adalah versi satu baris dari perintah ini.
Juga gunakan "deborphan >orphaned" kemudian "dpkg -P `cat orphaned `". "deborphan | xargs dpkg -P " adalah versi satu baris untuk perintah itu.

Selesai semuanya. Ini adalah versi update dari howto saya sebelumnya. Ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk pemula linux, anda akan perlu tahu cara-cara di sekitar linux untuk merealisasikannya. Saya akan meng-update-nya sebagaimana koreksi/pengembangan/dll akan datang.

Terima kasih untuk aay, charan, Tech2k, and #knoppix untuk beberapa koreksi dan tips dan ide. Jangan sungkan untuk meng-edit atau menambah howto ini.
catatan mengenai swap:<br>
Anda tidak perlu 1G swap karena ada dua tool baru untuk meng-create sistem file yang terkompresi. Ini adalah beberapa kandidat untuk membuat ''compressed''fs:
* Valentijn's rewrite [http://projects.openoffice.nl/downloads/compressloop/]
* Quozl's port of compressloop for Knoppix 3.4 [http://quozl.linux.org.au/compressloop-1.9-64bit.c]
* Quozl's distributed compressloop (memakai lebih dari satu processor untuk mempercepat) [http://quozl.linux.org.au/knoppix/compressloop/] atau [http://quozl.netrek.org/knoppix/compressloop/]
* Justin's patch [http://s.bouncybouncy.net/~justin/code/] (link-nya putus) Saya juga menulis distributed cloop compressor(atau untuk smp) Ada di dalam direktori yang sama.

==== Tip, tes cd-image tanpa merekam cd ====

Jika anda punya partisi berlebih dengan paling tidak 700MB free space diformat dengan ext2, ext3 or Vfat, anda dapat menggunakannya untuk tes dengan cara booting dari floppy disk. Sebuah floppy boot akan mencari partisi dengan /KNOPPIX/ dalam root, dan image yang terkompres /KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX. Dengan tidak menyebut sub-directory /mnt/hda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/ sebagai tersebut di atas, partisi ini kemudian dipanggil sebagai /mnt/hda2/KNOPPIX/ . Root index.html kemudian akan berada di lokasi /mnt/hda2/index.html dan image terkompres akan berada di /mnt/hda2/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX . Sekarang anda dapat melakukan boot dari floppy dan menggunakan /mnt/hda2 sebagai image anda. Untuk informasi lebih jauh lihat [[Hd BasedHowTo]].

Jika anda tidak punya partisi ekstra atau anda tidak ingin melakukan banyak hal untuk itu, anda dapat menggunakan Qemu ( lihat [http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/] ) dengan ISO image seperti ini:
'''qemu -m 128 -cdrom /temp/knoppix-custom.iso -boot d -user-net'''
Anda bahkan tidak harus membuat hard disk image sebelumnya, hanya install Qemu dan cobalah!

==== Booting Knoppix images dengan GRUB ====
* Pertama kopi /boot dari Knoppix cd ke partisi boot anda (atau bahkan partisi dos anda). Saya namakan punya saya boot.knoppix
''' Kopi direktori /KNOPPIX ke direktori '''root anda* di hard disk manapun. Anda dapat meletakkannya di tempat selain partisi boot. (ext2/3, reiserfs, vfat di-support)
* Letakkan yang berikut ini kedalam /boot/grub/menu.lst anda:
title KNOPPIX
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot.knoppix/vmlinuz 2 fromhd=/dev/hda4 lang=us
initrd /boot.knoppix/miniroot.gz
* perhatikan fromhd parameter: ini adalah lokasi dari direktori /KNOPPIX
* reboot dan selamat bersenang-senang!!

Jika howto saya sangat membingungkan, atau anda ingin opini kedua, cek howto remastering yang bagus dari charan : http://gnubox.dyndns.org:8080/~sunil/knoppix.php .
Howto yang lain di http://www.stirnimann.com/mystuff/doc/knoppix.txt

Ada sebuah wizard, yang tahu semua unpacking, compressing and step perekaman CD disebutkan disini. Juga menampilkan shell dimana anda dapat meng-update KNOPPIX system yang tidak dikompres menggunakan tool instalasi standard dari software debian. Disebut juga mmkcdrom dan merupakan bagian dari paket plugscript: [http://rcswww.urz.tu-dresden.de/~holzhey/plugscript]

HOWTO yang lainnya, untuk yang gila shell, ada di http://quozl.linux.org.au/knoppix/

Pastikan untuk mengecek [http://knoppix.net/forum/viewforum.php?f=2 Knoppix Customization Forum] untuk ide-ide dan bantuan dalam remastering.
----
Ini adalah layout direktori yang direkomendasikan untuk remastering KNOPPIX:
. (invoke ../remaster dari sini)
|-- master (invoke ../../[[u]]mountbootimage dari sini)
| |-- KNOPPIX
| | |-- KNOPPIX (compressed image)
| | |-- boot.img (boot floppy image)
| | `-- (file lain yang disisipkan)
| `-- index.html
`-- source
`-- KNOPPIX (direktori ini dapat di-chroot ke dalamnya)
|-- bin
|-- boot
|-- cdrom
|-- dev
|-- etc
|-- floppy
|-- home
|-- initrd
|-- lib
|-- mnt
|-- none
|-- opt
|-- proc
|-- root
|-- sbin
|-- tmp -> /var/tmp
|-- usr
|-- var
`-- vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-2.4.22-xfs
----
script "remaster" berikut ini akan melakukan proses remaster untuk anda. jalankan sebagai root, atau anda akan mendapat ijin akses yang salah di dalam image.

Script ini terakhir kali sudah pernah dicoba di Debian sid on 2004-04-02.

#!/bin/bash -x
# This script builds a new KNOPPIX ISO image.
# Copyright (C) 2004 by Marc Haber <mh knoppix-remaster@zugschlus.de>
# License: GPL V2

ROOT="$PWD"
SOURCE="$ROOT/source/KNOPPIX"
MASTER="$ROOT/master"
CLOOPTARGET="$ROOT/master/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX"
TARGET="$ROOT"
EXCLUDELIST="$ROOT/source/excludelist"

rm -rf $SOURCE/.rr_moved

cd $SOURCE
mkisofs -R -U -V "KNOPPIX.net filesystem" \
-P "KNOPPIX www.knoppix.net" \
-hide-rr-moved -cache-inodes -no-bak -pad \
-exclude-list $EXCLUDELIST \
. | nice -5 /usr/bin/create''compressed''fs - 65536 > $CLOOPTARGET

cd $MASTER
rm -f KNOPPIX/md5sums
find -type f -not -name md5sums -not -name boot.cat -exec md5sum {} \; >> KNOPPIX/md5sums
mkisofs -pad -l -r -J -v -V "KNOPPIX" -b KNOPPIX/boot.img \
-c KNOPPIX/boot.cat -hide-rr-moved -o $TARGET/knoppix.iso $MASTER
----
Script berikut ini akan melakukan loop-mount boot floppy image dan initrd image untuk modifikasi. Fungsi umount akan membuat initrd image yang baru dan meletakkannya kembali ke dalam boot floppy image.

Script ini terakhir kali sudah pernah dicoba di Debian sid on 2004-01-13.

#!/bin/bash -x
# This script will loop-mount boot floppy and initrd image
# Copyright (C) 2004 by Marc Haber <mh knoppix-remaster@zugschlus.de>
# License: GPL V2
unset CDPATH || true

# if not root, re-invoke self as root
if [[ "`id -u`" -ne 0 ]]; then
export LOCUSER="$USER"
export LOCHOME="$HOME"
if [[ "${SHELLOPTS/xtrace/}" != "$SHELLOPTS" ]]; then
sudo bash -x $0 $@
exit $?
else
sudo $0 $@
exit $?
fi
else
LOCUSER="${LOCUSER:-$USER}"
LOCHOME="${LOCHOME:-$HOME}"
fi
set -e

KNOPPIXDIR="KNOPPIX"
BOOTIMGFILE="$KNOPPIXDIR/boot.img"
BOOTIMGFS="vfat"
BOOTIMGDIR="boot.img"
INITRDGZ="$BOOTIMGDIR/miniroot.gz"
INITRDFILE="$KNOPPIXDIR/miniroot"
INITRDFS="ext2"
INITRDDIR="miniroot"

mountbootimage() {
if ! modprobe loop; then
echo >